Nicolas Ribonnier
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Nicolas Ribonnier ( 1525 – 1605) was a 16th-century French architect.


Biography

Ribonnier was probably from
Langres Langres () is a commune in France, commune in northeastern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Departments of France, department of Haute-Marne, in the Regions of France, region of Grand Est. History As the capital ...
but no documents were found to confirm it. A Jean Ribonnier priest of Heuilley-le-Grand has been found. If he was from his family, his Langrois origin would be fortified. If he worked on the
rood screen The rood screen (also choir screen, chancel screen, or jubé) is a common feature in late medieval church architecture. It is typically an ornate partition between the chancel and nave, of more or less open tracery constructed of wood, stone, o ...
of the
cathédrale Saint-Mammès de Langres Langres Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church in Langres, France. It was erected in the twelfth century, and is dedicated to the 3rd-century martyr Mammes of Caesarea. The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Langres, and is a national monume ...
, this implies that he lived in Langres around 1550. He is quoted as godfather in an act of the parish of Saint-Pierre de Langres, on 18 January 1560. In a royal letter of 1564 registered at the Chamber of Accounts of Dijon, it is written ''Nicolas Ribonier, maçon en nostre ville de Dijon'' is endowed with the office of ''visiteur des ouvrages des places fortes, villes et chasteaulx de notre pays de Bourgogne'', a position vacant following the death of Jean de Vaulx. Between 1560 and 1605, his name appears several times in the inventory of the municipal archives of Langres. He was not a member of the City Body, but before 1572 he was a member of the Confrérie du Saint-Sacrement. He was also a member of the brotherhood of Saint-Pierre and Saint-Paul in 1604. It is in the register of this brotherhood that we learn the year of his death: 1605. * in 1588, he traced the boulevard de Longe-Porte, * in December 1590, he was paid for work done at Porte Neufve, * In March 1591, he made a commitment to the mayor and aldermen to build a
drawbridge A drawbridge or draw-bridge is a type of moveable bridge typically at the entrance to a castle or tower surrounded by a moat. In some forms of English, including American English, the word ''drawbridge'' commonly refers to all types of moveable b ...
at the Market gate and to dig a ditch to avoid surprises, * in October, he fixed the Moulins' gate, * In 1594, he rebuilt a wall between the gate of Longe-Porte and the Saint-Gengoul tower, and built a half-moon platform behind the Saint-Ferjeux tower, * in 1596, he repaired the entire city walls, * In 1595/1596, he and were charged with demolishing the castle of Montsaugeon which had been used to threaten Langres. He married Jeanne de Voisines and had seven children. His wife belonged to a well-established family in Langres. We know a Jean de Voisines, secretary of the bishopric, then canon from 1555 to 1563. In 1563, a Nicolas de Voisines appears as a mason on a register of the brotherhood of Saint-Pierre and Saint-Paul. Another Jean de Voisines, master builder, commanded the artillery of the Langrois at the siege of Choiseul. He is qualified as master general of the works of the
Duchy of Burgundy The Duchy of Burgundy (; ; ) was a medieval and early modern feudal polity in north-western regions of historical Burgundy. It was a duchy, ruled by dukes of Burgundy. The Duchy belonged to the Kingdom of France, and was initially bordering th ...
in 1570, ''magister lathomus'', master mason in 1587, master architect at the Court of Accounts of the Duchy of Burgundy in 1591, architect in 1593. On May 16, 1593, the corporation of the masons of Langres, of which Nicolas Ribonnier was a member, modified its statutes, allowing it to become a nursery of architects. Residing in Dijon in 1564, he also worked with Hugues Sambin at the Dijon courthouse. He made the porch of the Dijon courthouse which precedes the gabled facade. In 1563,
Gaspard de Saulx Gaspard de Saulx, sieur de Tavannes (March 1509–June 1573) was a French Roman Catholic military leader during the Italian Wars and the French Wars of Religion. He served under four kings during his career, participating in the Siege of Calais (1 ...
-Tavannes undertook to build a new castle within the walls of the old located two
league League or The League may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Leagues'' (band), an American rock band * ''The League'', an American sitcom broadcast on FX and FXX about fantasy football * ''League of Legends'', a 2009 multiplayer online battle a ...
s from Langres, while retaining the keep. Nicolas Ribonnier, qualified as architect of the Duchy of Burgundy, is considered as the probable architect of this new castle. The sculptors used to make the castle, were probably Italian sculptors who had been called by the cardinal de Givry. After the construction of the Château du Pailly,
Gaspard de Saulx Gaspard de Saulx, sieur de Tavannes (March 1509–June 1573) was a French Roman Catholic military leader during the Italian Wars and the French Wars of Religion. He served under four kings during his career, participating in the Siege of Calais (1 ...
asked Ribonnier in 1573 for plans to rebuild the Château de Sully. Gaspard du Saulx died shortly after designing the plans with his architect. They were executed by his wife, Françoise de La Baume-Montrevel. According to , viscount of Tavannes, the castle was finished in 1620, but only the main façade received a decoration. In his thesis, Benoît Peaucelle wrote about the château de Pailly:


References


Bibliography

* ''Nicolas Ribonnier et l'Architecture à Langres au XVIe siècle'', in Louis-Emmanuel Marcel, ''Le cardinal de Givry, évêque de Langres (1529–1561)'', volume 2, ''La Renaissance'',
Read online
* ''Château du Pailly'', in Eugène Rouyer, Alfred Darcel, ''L'art architectural en France depuis François Ier jusqu'à Louis XIV. Motifs de décoration intérieure et extérieure'', Noblet et Baudry libraires-éditeurs, Paris, 1863, volume 1, , planches 36 and 37
Read online
* ''Nicolas Ribonnier'', in ''Bulletin de la Société historique et archéologique de Langres'', volume 10, No 134, April 1933,
Read online
* Louis-Emmanuel Marcel, Louis-François Marcel, ''Artistes et Ouvriers d'Art à Langres avant la Révolution'', imprimerie Champenoise, Langres, 1935; 84 p. * Benoît Peaucelle, ''Le château du Pailly, près de Langres (1563-1573)'', Thesis in Art History from Paris-Sorbonne University, 4 volumes, 198
''compte-rendu''
* Jean-Pierre Jacquemart, ''Architectures comtoises de la Renaissance, 1525-1636'', Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, Besançon, 2007,
''aperçu''
*


See also

* Château du Pailly *
Château de Sully The Château de Sully, situated between Autun and Beaune (Saône-et-Loire), is the largest of the Renaissance châteaux of southern Burgundy. Paired outbuildings of a more vernacular character face each other across a grassed forecourt, while to t ...


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ribonnier, Nicolas People from Langres 1520s births Year of birth uncertain 1605 deaths 16th-century French architects Renaissance architects