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Nicolas des Gallars
Lat. Gallasius">Latin_language.html" ;"title="n Latin language">Lat. Gallasius(c. 1520 - 1581), was a Calvinism">Calvinist
Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Protestantism, Continenta ...
pastor and theologian.
Life
Gallars was of noble birth, and "possessed legal training, rich exposure to the humanities, and polished Latin."
He first appears as author of a ''Defensio'' of William Farel, published at Geneva in 1545, followed (1545–1549) by translations into French language, French of three tracts by John Calvin. Scott Manetsch notes that Gallars' appointment "signaled an important new stage in Calvin's recruitment efforts."
In 1551 Gallars was admitted
bourgeois
The bourgeoisie ( , ) are a class of business owners, merchants and wealthy people, in general, which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between the peasantry and Aristocracy (class), aristocracy. They are tradition ...
of Geneva, and in 1553 made pastor of the church in
Jussy.
In 1557 Gallars was sent to minister to the
Protestants
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
at
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
; his conductor, Nicolas du Rousseau, having prohibited books in his possession, was executed at
Dijon
Dijon (, ; ; in Burgundian language (Oïl), Burgundian: ''Digion'') is a city in and the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Côte-d'Or Departments of France, department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in eas ...
; des Gallars, having nothing suspicious about him, continued his journey.
On the revival of the
Strangers' church in London (1560), he, being then minister at Geneva, came to London to organize the French branch; and in 1561 he published ''La Forme de police ecclesiastique instituée a Londres en l'Eglise des Français''. In the same year he assisted
Theodore Beza
Theodore Beza (; or ''de Besze''; 24 June 1519 – 13 October 1605) was a French Calvinist Protestant theologian, reformer and scholar who played an important role in the Protestant Reformation. He was a disciple of John Calvin and lived most ...
at the
colloquy of Poissy
The Colloquy at Poissy was a religious conference which took place in Poissy, France, in 1561. Its object was to effect a reconciliation between the Roman Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots) of France.
The conference was opened on 9 September i ...
. He became minister to the Protestants at
Orléans
Orléans (,["Orleans"](_blank)
(US) and [Jeanne d'Albret
Jeanne d'Albret (, Basque language, Basque: ''Joana Albretekoa''; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Joana de Labrit''; 16 November 1528 – 9 June 1572), also known as Jeanne III, was Queen of Navarre from 1555 to 1572.
Jeanne was the daughter of He ...]
, queen of Navarre.
Works
Calvin Calvin may refer to:
Names
* Calvin (given name)
** Particularly Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States
* Calvin (surname)
** Particularly John Calvin, theologian
Places
In the United States
* Calvin, Arkansas, a hamlet
* Calvin T ...
held him in high esteem, employing him as
amanuensis
An amanuensis ( ) ( ) or scribe is a person employed to write or type what another dictates or to copy what has been written by another. It may also be a person who signs a document on behalf of another under the latter's authority.
In some aca ...
, and as editor as well as translator of several of his
exegetical
Exegesis ( ; from the Greek , from , "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations ...
and polemical works. He himself wrote a commentary on
Exodus
Exodus or the Exodus may refer to:
Religion
* Book of Exodus, second book of the Hebrew Torah and the Christian Bible
* The Exodus, the biblical story of the migration of the ancient Israelites from Egypt into Canaan
Historical events
* Ex ...
(1560); edited an annotated French Bible (1562) and
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...
(1562); and published tracts against
Arians
Arianism (, ) is a Christological doctrine which rejects the traditional notion of the Trinity and considers Jesus to be a creation of God, and therefore distinct from God. It is named after its major proponent, Arius (). It is considered h ...
(1565–1566).
His main work was his edition of
Irenaeus
Irenaeus ( or ; ; ) was a Greeks, Greek bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christianity, Christian communities in the southern regions of present-day France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by oppos ...
(1570) with prefatory letter to
Grindal
Edmund Grindal ( 15196 July 1583) was Bishop of London, Archbishop of York, and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reign of Elizabeth I. Though born far from the centres of political and religious power, he had risen rapidly in the church durin ...
, then bishop of London, and giving, for the first time, some fragments of the Greek text.
References
*
Pierre Bayle
Pierre Bayle (; 18 November 1647 – 28 December 1706) was a French philosopher, author, and lexicographer. He is best known for his '' Historical and Critical Dictionary'', whose publication began in 1697. Many of the more controversial ideas ...
, ''Dictionnaire Hist. et crit.''
*
Jean Senebier
Jean Senebier (25 May 1742 – 22 July 1809) was a Republic and Canton of Geneva#History, Genevan Calvinist pastor and naturalist. He was chief librarian of the Republic of Geneva. A pioneer in the field of photosynthesis research, he provided ...
, ''Hist. littéraire de Genève'' (1786)
*''Nouvelle Biog. gen.'' (1857).
*
Des Gallars, Nicolas in the
Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
The ''Historical Dictionary of Switzerland'' (Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse; DHS) is an encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland. It aims to present the history of Switzerland in the form of an encyclopaedia, published both on paper a ...
.
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gallars, Nicolas
1520s births
1581 deaths
Theologians from the Republic of Geneva
Clergy from the Republic of Geneva
16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians