Niceforonia
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''Niceforonia'' is a genus of frogs in the family
Strabomantidae The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes '' Pristimantis'', the mo ...
found in northern South America (from central Peru to Ecuador and Colombia). The name refers to Nicéforo María, Colombian
herpetologist Herpetology (from Ancient Greek ἑρπετόν ''herpetón'', meaning "reptile" or "creeping animal") is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, salamanders, and caecilians (Gymnophiona)) and reptiles (in ...
.


Taxonomy

the genus ''Niceforonia'' was resurrected from the synonymy of '' Phrynopus'' by Hedges and colleagues in 2008. No genetic data exist, and Hedges ''et al.'' placed it provisionally in the
subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
Strabomantinae along with the genera ''Phrynopus'', '' Oreobates'', and '' Lynchius'' with which it shares a
synapomorphy In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel Phenotypic trait, character or character state that has evolution, evolved from its ancestral form (or Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy, plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy sh ...
. Based on genetic data from these three genera, Padial and colleagues moved them all into the subfamily Holoadeninae in 2014.


Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Niceforonia'': * '' Niceforonia adenobrachia'' (Ardila-Robayo, Ruiz-Carranza, and Barrera-Rodriguez, 1996) * '' Niceforonia aderca'' (Lynch, 2003) * '' Niceforonia araiodactyla'' (Duellman and Pramuk, 1999) * '' Niceforonia babax'' (Lynch, 1989) * '' Niceforonia brunnea'' (Lynch, 1975) * '' Niceforonia columbiana'' (Werner, 1899) * '' Niceforonia dolops'' (Lynch and Duellman, 1980) * '' Niceforonia elassodiscus'' (Lynch, 1973) * '' Niceforonia fallaciosa'' (Duellman, 2000) * '' Niceforonia latens'' (Lynch, 1989) * '' Niceforonia lucida'' (Cannatella, 1984) * '' Niceforonia mantipus'' (Boulenger, 1908) * '' Niceforonia nana'' Goin and Cochran, 1963 * ''
Niceforonia nigrovittata ''Niceforonia nigrovittata'' is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest A forest is an ecosystem characte ...
'' (Andersson, 1945) * '' Niceforonia peraccai'' (Lynch, 1975)


Description

Species of the genus ''Niceforonia'' are small frogs measuring up to in snout–vent length. The head is narrower than the body and the
tympanic membrane In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressur ...
is differentiated, but in some species only the tympanic annulus is visible under skin. The dorsum is smooth to weakly tuberculate, whereas the venter is smooth or areolate. The terminal discs on digits are not expanded but usually bear weak circumferential grooves. The terminal
phalanges The phalanges (: phalanx ) are digit (anatomy), digital bones in the hands and foot, feet of most vertebrates. In primates, the Thumb, thumbs and Hallux, big toes have two phalanges while the other Digit (anatomy), digits have three phalanges. ...
are narrow and T-shaped. Toes III and V are about equal in length (the origin of the name ''Isodactylus'').


References

{{Authority control Frogs of South America Amphibians of South America Amphibian genera Taxa named by Doris Mable Cochran