Netty Herawaty
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Netty Herawaty (4 April 1929 – 6 February 1989) was an Indonesian actress who made more than fifty films between 1949 and 1986. Born in
Surabaya Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Provinces of Indonesia, province and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern corner of Java island, on the Madura Strai ...
, as a teenager Herawaty toured
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
with a number of stage troupes during the Japanese occupation and
Indonesian National Revolution The Indonesian National Revolution (), also known as the Indonesian War of Independence (, ), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during A ...
. In 1949, she made her feature film debut in Fred Young's '' Saputangan''. After two years of collaborating with Young, appearing in a total of eight films for his Bintang Surabaja Film Corporation, Herawaty migrated to
Djamaluddin Malik Djamaluddin Malik (13 February 1917 – 8 June 1970) was a prominent Indonesian film producer, politician, entrepreneur. He founded the Jakarta Indonesian company Persari Film. Personal life Malik was born in Padang, Indonesia, Padang, West Su ...
's Persari, where she soon became one of the company's most popular stars and appeared in such films as ''
Rodrigo de Villa ''Rodrigo de Villa'' is an Indonesian-Philippine Historical drama films, historical drama film released in 1952. It was co-produced by Philippine-based LVN Studio and Indonesia-based Persari. The film is the first international co-production done ...
'' (1952) and ''
Lewat Djam Malam ''After the Curfew'' (Indonesian: ''Lewat Djam Malam'') is a 1954 Indonesian film directed and produced by Usmar Ismail and written by Asrul Sani. Widely regarded as a classic of Indonesian cinema, the film follows an ex-soldier in his vigilante ...
'' (1955). When Persari was shut down, Herawaty returned to the theatre, spending most of the 1960s away from Indonesia's struggling film industry. She returned to screen in the 1970s, appearing in supporting roles in more than thirty films before her death.


Early life

Herawaty was born on 4 April 1929 in
Surabaya Surabaya is the capital city of East Java Provinces of Indonesia, province and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern corner of Java island, on the Madura Strai ...
,
East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...
,
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...
, as the daughter of Soepingi, a violinist, and Miss Riboet Muda, an actress. She graduated from the R.K. Zuster School before becoming active on stage at age thirteen, when she joined Irama Masa, a theatrical company established by the Japanese occupation government. Later in 1943, she married
Darussalam Dar al-Salam (), also transliterated Dar el-Salam, Dar es-Salaam, or Darussalam, may refer to: Places * Dar es Salaam, a major city in Tanzania, or the administrative region around it * Dar El Salam, a town in Egypt * Dar os Salam, a village in Ira ...
, a fellow actor with the company who was ten years her senior. According to an interview with ''Kentjana'', the couple fell in love while their troupe was on a boat returning from
Makassar Makassar ( ), formerly Ujung Pandang ( ), is the capital of the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, ...
. By 1953 they had one child, a daughter named Rustiany. In 1945, following the
surrender of Japan The surrender of the Empire of Japan in World War II was Hirohito surrender broadcast, announced by Emperor Hirohito on 15 August and formally Japanese Instrument of Surrender, signed on 2 September 1945, End of World War II in Asia, ending ...
and the
proclamation of Indonesian independence The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 Tokyo Standard Time on Friday 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian Nati ...
, Herawaty and her husband established the troupe Trimurti, based out of Gombong,
Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...
. They toured
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
and supported the Indonesians fighting against the returning Dutch colonial forces. This troupe had collapsed by 1947, and the two spent time with
Djamaluddin Malik Djamaluddin Malik (13 February 1917 – 8 June 1970) was a prominent Indonesian film producer, politician, entrepreneur. He founded the Jakarta Indonesian company Persari Film. Personal life Malik was born in Padang, Indonesia, Padang, West Su ...
's troupe Bintang Timur and Fred Young's Bintang Surabaja. She then established Panggung Bhakti Artis along with Mimi Mariani.


Bintang Surabaja and Persari

When Young established his own film company in 1949, also called Bintang Surabaja, Herawaty made the transition to film. Her first role was in '' Saputangan''. This was followed by seven further films for the company, including ''Bintang Surabaja 1951'' (1950), ''Djembatan Merah'' (1950), and '' Selamat Berdjuang, Masku!'' (1951). Herawaty's greatest success during the 1950s, however, was with
Djamaluddin Malik Djamaluddin Malik (13 February 1917 – 8 June 1970) was a prominent Indonesian film producer, politician, entrepreneur. He founded the Jakarta Indonesian company Persari Film. Personal life Malik was born in Padang, Indonesia, Padang, West Su ...
's Persari. She joined the company shortly after it was established, appearing in early productions such as ''Sepandjang Malioboro'' (1951) and ''Surjani Mulia'' (1951), and was often cast along with
Rd Mochtar Hajji Raden Mochtar (born 31 May 1918), often credited as Rd Mochtar, was an Indonesian actor. Of noble descent, Mochtar was discovered by Albert Balink and first cast in the commercial failure ''Pareh'' (1936). Rising to popularity after the ...
. In 1952 Herawaty was part of a group of Persari actors and crew members who spent nearly two years in the Philippines to study filmmaking and produce two Ansco Colour films in collaboration with LVN Studio. In the first of these productions, the Indonesian-language edition of ''
Rodrigo de Villa ''Rodrigo de Villa'' is an Indonesian-Philippine Historical drama films, historical drama film released in 1952. It was co-produced by Philippine-based LVN Studio and Indonesia-based Persari. The film is the first international co-production done ...
'' (1952), she was cast in the role of Jimena, the daughter of a treasonous courtier who falls in love with a loyal royalist. The second production, ''Leilani'' (also ''Tabu'', 1953) saw Herawaty take the title role as a newlywed separated from her groom by a storm. Upon returning to Indonesia in 1953, Herawaty continued acting for Persari, appearing in a further seven films for the company. This included the role of Norma, the fiancée of a returned guerrilla, in the
Perfini Perfini (''Perusahaan Film Nasional Indonesia'', ''Indonesia National Film Company'') was an Indonesian film production company, based in Jakarta. It was most productive in Indonesian cinema in the 1950s. Its most notable directors were Usmar Isma ...
–Persari collaboration ''
Lewat Djam Malam ''After the Curfew'' (Indonesian: ''Lewat Djam Malam'') is a 1954 Indonesian film directed and produced by Usmar Ismail and written by Asrul Sani. Widely regarded as a classic of Indonesian cinema, the film follows an ex-soldier in his vigilante ...
'', which won a
Citra Award for Best Film The Citra Award for Best Picture ( Indonesian: ''Film Cerita Panjang Terbaik'') is an award given at the Indonesian Film Festival (FFI) to the best feature film of the year. The Citra Awards, described by ''Screen International'' as "Indonesia's ...
at the 1955
Indonesian Film Festival The Indonesian Film Festival ( Indonesian: Festival Film Indonesia, 'FFI') is an annual awards ceremony organised by the Indonesian Film Board and the Ministry of Culture to celebrate cinematic achievements in the Indonesian film industry. Dur ...
. By 1954 Herawaty was considered part of the Persari's "Big Four", together with Darussalam, fellow actress Titien Sumarni, and Mochtar. The following year she was named most popular Indonesian actress by the magazine ''Film Varia'', though the film critic Salim Said suggests Malik influenced this decision; Sumarni, who had had a falling out with Persari, had won the popular vote.


Later life and career

In 1957, Malik was accused of corruption and placed under
house arrest House arrest (also called home confinement, or nowadays electronic monitoring) is a legal measure where a person is required to remain at their residence under supervision, typically as an alternative to imprisonment. The person is confined b ...
. The following year Persari was closed and much of its staff dispersed. Herawaty, rather than stay in the struggling film industry, returned to the theatre. With Darussalam, she established the Herawaty National Theatre in 1958, but over the next decade she acted with several troupes. Herawaty made only one film in the 1960s, ''Nenny'' (1968). In the 1970s Herawaty made another return to cinema, albeit mostly in supporting roles. She featured in more than thirty films between ''Djembatan Emas'' (1971) and ''Bintang Kejora'' (1986), including several films starring the ''
dangdut Dangdut () is a genre of Indonesian folk music that is partly derived and fused from Hindustani, Arabic, and, to a lesser extent, Javanese, Malay, Minangkabau, Sundanese and local folk music. Dangdut is the most popular musical genre in Indon ...
'' singer Rhoma Irama. She and Darussalam were also active on television, with their show ''Senyum Jakarta'' (1972–1980); their fellow actors included
Fifi Young Fifi Young (12 January 1915 – 5 March 1975) was an Indonesian actress of mixed French and Chinese descent who acted in at least 86 films over her 34-year career. Early life and stage career Young was born with the name Nonie Tan (; POJ: Tan K ...
and . In 1978 Herawaty received an award from the governor of Jakarta for her contributions to film, and in 1981 the (Persatuan Artis Film Indonesia, or PARFI) congress recognized her as their "Exemplary Actress". Herawaty died on 6 February 1989, at the age of 59. She was survived by Darussalam.


Filmography

In her forty-three-year acting career, Herawaty appeared in some fifty-five films. *'' Saputangan'' (1949) *''Bintang Surabaja 1951'' (1950) *''Damarwulan'' (1950) *''Djembatan Merah'' (1950) *''Harumanis'' (1950) *''Ratapan Ibu'' (1950) *''Bakti Bahagia'' (1951) *''Hidup Baru'' (1951) *''Ditepi Bengawan Solo'' (1951) *''Main-Main Djadi Sungguhan'' (1951) *''Sepandjang Malioboro'' (1951) *''Surjani Mulia'' (1951) *''Pahlawan'' (1951) *'' Selamat Berdjuang, Masku!'' (1951) *''
Rodrigo de Villa ''Rodrigo de Villa'' is an Indonesian-Philippine Historical drama films, historical drama film released in 1952. It was co-produced by Philippine-based LVN Studio and Indonesia-based Persari. The film is the first international co-production done ...
'' (1952) *''Asam Digunung Garam Dilaut'' (1953) *''Gara-gara Hadiah'' (1953) *''Kenari'' (1953) *''Leilani (Tabu)'' (1953) *''Air Pasang'' (1954) *''
Lewat Djam Malam ''After the Curfew'' (Indonesian: ''Lewat Djam Malam'') is a 1954 Indonesian film directed and produced by Usmar Ismail and written by Asrul Sani. Widely regarded as a classic of Indonesian cinema, the film follows an ex-soldier in his vigilante ...
'' (1954) *''Tjalon Duta'' (1955) *''Karlina Marlina'' (1957) *''Nenny'' (1968) *''Djembatan Emas (The Golden Bridge)'' (1971) *''Mawar Rimba'' (1972) *''Ratu Ular'' (1972) *''Si Rano'' (1973) *''Drakula Mantu (Benyamin Kontra Drakula)'' (1974) *''Cinta Remaja'' (1974) *''Kasih Sayang'' (1974) *''Wulan di Sarang Penculik'' (1975) *''Kenapa Kau Pergi'' (1975) *''Surat Undangan'' (1975) *''Boss Bagio dalam Gembong Ibukota'' (1976) *'' Oma Irama Penasaran'' (1976) *''Naga Merah'' (1976) *''One Way Ticket (Semoga Kau Kembali)'' (1976) *''Wajah Tiga Perempuan'' (1976) *'' Badai Pasti Berlalu'' (1977) *''Marina'' (1977) *''Cinta Bersemi'' (1977) *''Tinggal Bersama'' (1977) *''Santara Menumpas Perdagangan Sex'' (1977) *''Rahasia Seorang Ibu'' (1977) *'' Gitar Tua Oma Irama'' (1977) *''Gara-gara Isteri Muda'' (1977) *''Cinta Putih (Bidan Aminah)'' (1977) *'' Raja Dangdut'' (1978) *''Istri Dulu Istri Sekarang'' (1978) *''Aduh Aduh Mana Tahan'' (1980) *''Bodoh-bodoh Mujur'' (1981) *''Hati yang Perawan'' (1984) *''Gadis Hitam Putih'' (1985) *''Bintang Kejora'' (1986)


References


Works cited

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External links

* {{authority control 1929 births 1989 deaths Indonesian film actresses Actors from Surabaya Indonesian stage actresses