''Nepenthes stenophylla'' , or the narrow-leaved pitcher-plant,
[Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. '' Pitcher-Plants of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.] is a tropical
pitcher plant endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...
to
Borneo
Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...
and occurs at elevations of .
[Clarke, C.M. 1997. '' Nepenthes of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.] The species produces attractive
funnel-shaped pitchers up to 25 cm high.
[Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. ''Flora Malesiana'' 15: 1–157.] It is listed as
Least Concern
A least-concern species is a species that has been evaluated and categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as not being a focus of wildlife conservation because the specific species is still plentiful in the wil ...
on the
IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological ...
.
''Nepenthes stenophylla'' belongs to the loosely defined "''N. maxima'' complex", which also includes, among other species, ''
N. boschiana'', ''
N. chaniana'', ''
N. epiphytica'', ''
N. eymae'', ''
N. faizaliana'', ''
N. fusca'', ''
N. klossii'', ''
N. maxima'', ''
N. platychila'', and ''
N. vogelii''.
[Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. ''Nepenthes epiphytica'', a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. '' New Nepenthes: Volume One''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.]
''Nepenthes fallax''
There has been confusion surrounding ''N. stenophylla'' and ''N. fallax'' ever since the latter was first described. ''Nepenthes fallax'' matches ''N. stenophylla'' in most respects, except for the shape of the lid; the type specimen of ''N. fallax'' has an
orbiculate lid, whereas that of ''N. stenophylla'' is narrow. However, the original description of ''N. stenophylla'' was based on a plant raised from seed in a greenhouse in
England
England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
, and the narrow shape of the lid could be an aberrant characteristic resulting from artificial growing conditions.
In his seminal monograph "
The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies
"The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies" is a seminal monograph by B. H. Danser on the Nepenthes, tropical pitcher plants of the Dutch East Indies and surrounding regions. It was originally published in the ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Bu ...
",
B. H. Danser treated ''N. fallax'' as a
heterotypic synonym
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently ...
of ''N. stenophylla''.
[Danser, B.H. 1928. ]The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies
"The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies" is a seminal monograph by B. H. Danser on the Nepenthes, tropical pitcher plants of the Dutch East Indies and surrounding regions. It was originally published in the ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Bu ...
. ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg'', Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438. This interpretation has been supported by most subsequent authors.
[Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae). ''Blumea'' 42(1): 1–106.] Jan Schlauer, however, considers the
taxa
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...
as two separate species based on the shape of the lid.
He suspects the taxon originally named as ''N. stenophylla'' may have later been named again as ''
N. faizaliana''.
''Nepenthes fallax'' has a separate
conservation status
The conservation status of a group of organisms (for instance, a species) indicates whether the group still exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation ...
of
Vulnerable on the
IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological ...
.
Natural hybrids
The following natural
hybrids involving ''N. stenophylla'' have been recorded.
*''
N. fusca'' × ''N. stenophylla''
[Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. '' Pitcher Plants of Borneo''. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.]
*''
N. lowii'' × ''N. stenophylla''
*''
N. rajah'' × ''N. stenophylla''
*''
N. reinwardtiana'' × ''N. stenophylla''
*''N. stenophylla'' × ''
N. tentaculata''
*''N. stenophylla'' × ''
N. veitchii''
Notes
:a.''Nepenthes fallax'' is . The
specific epithet
In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...
is derived from the
Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
word ''fallax'', meaning "spurious".
References
Further reading
* Adam, J.H. 1997. ''Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science'' 20(2–3): 121–134.
* Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous ''Nepenthes'' pitcher plants. ''Journal of Evolutionary Biology'' 25(1): 90–102.
* Beaman, J.H. & C. Anderson 2004. ''The Plants of Mount Kinabalu: 5. Dicotyledon Families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
* Bourke, G. 2010. ''Captive Exotics Newsletter'' 1(1): 4–7.
* Bourke, G. 2011. The ''Nepenthes'' of Mulu National Park. ''
Carniflora Australis'' 8(1): 20–31.
* Burbidge, F.W. 1882
Notes on the new ''Nepenthes''.''The Gardeners' Chronicle'', new series, 17(420): 56.
* Chung, A.Y.C. 2006. ''Biodiversity and Conservation of The Meliau Range: A Rain Forest in Sabah's Ultramafic Belt''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. .
* Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. ''
The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies
"The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies" is a seminal monograph by B. H. Danser on the Nepenthes, tropical pitcher plants of the Dutch East Indies and surrounding regions. It was originally published in the ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Bu ...
''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
* Corner, E.J.H. 1996. Pitcher-plants (''Nepenthes''). In: K.M. Wong & A. Phillipps (eds.
''Kinabalu: Summit of Borneo. A Revised and Expanded Edition.''The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu. pp. 115–121. .
* Damit, A. 2014. A trip to Mount Trus Madi – the ''Nepenthes'' wonderland. ''
Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
The ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' is the official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS), the largest such organization in the world. It is headquartered in Walnut Creek, California.
History and editorship
The news ...
'' 43(1): 19–22.
* Fretwell, S. 2013. Back in Borneo for giant ''Nepenthes''. Part 1: Mesilau Nature Reserve, Ranau. ''
Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal'' 107: 6–13.
* Hazebroek, H.P. & A.K. bin Abang Morshidi 2002. ''A Guide to Gunung Mulu National Park: A World Heritage Site in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
* Kurup, R., A.J. Johnson, S. Sankar, A.A. Hussain, C.S. Kumar & S. Baby 2013. Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants. ''Plant Biology'' 15(3): 611–615.
* Lee, C.C. 2000
Recent ''Nepenthes'' Discoveries ideo
IDEO () is a design firm, design and consulting firm with offices in the U.S., England, and China. It was founded in Palo Alto, California, in 1991. The company's 500 staff uses a design thinking approach to design products, services, environmen ...
The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.
* Mansur, M. 2001. In: ''Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional''. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
* Mansur, M. 2007. Keanekaragaman jenis ''Nepenthes'' (kantong semar) dataran rendah di Kalimantan Tengah.
iversity of lowland ''Nepenthes'' (kantong semar) in Central Kalimantan.''Berita Biologi'' 8(5): 335–341
Abstract* Mansur, M. & F.Q. Brearley 2008
Ecological studies on ''Nepenthes'' at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia ''Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan'' 9(3): 271–276.
* McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. ''
Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
* Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. ''Plant Biology'' 3(2): 164–175.
* Meimberg, H. 2002. Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
* Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. ''Plant Biology'' 8(6): 831–840.
* Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the ''trnK'' intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 39(2): 478–490.
* Mey, F.S. 2014
Joined lecture on carnivorous plants of Borneo with Stewart McPherson.''Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle'', February 21, 2014.
* Miyagi, I. & T. Toma 2007. A new mosquito of the genus ''Topomyia'' (Diptera, Culicidae) from a ''Nepenthes'' pitcher plant in a Bario highland of Sarawak, Malaysia. ''Medical Entomology and Zoology'' 58(3): 167–174
Abstract* Oikawa, T. 1992. ''Nepenthes stenophylla'' Mast.. In: .
'The Grief Vanishing''.Parco Co., Japan. p. 61.
* Sacilotto, R. 2004
Experiments with highland ''Nepenthes'' seedlings: a summary of measured tolerances ''
Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
The ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'' is the official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS), the largest such organization in the world. It is headquartered in Walnut Creek, California.
History and editorship
The news ...
'' 33(1): 26–31.
* Thong, J. 2006. ''
Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal'' 81: 12–17.
* Thorogood, C. 2010. ''
The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives''. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
External links
''Nepenthes stenophylla'' in its natural habitat
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1106811
Carnivorous plants of Asia
stenophylla
Endemic flora of Borneo
Plants described in 1890
Flora of the Borneo montane rain forests