''Neonectria'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the family
Nectriaceae
The Nectriaceae comprise a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. It was circumscribed by brothers Charles and Louis René Tulasne in 1865. In 2020, an Outline of fungi was produced and listed 70 genera and about 1,336 species.
It is a highl ...
.
It is a
cosmopolitan
Cosmopolitan may refer to:
Internationalism
* World citizen, one who eschews traditional geopolitical divisions derived from national citizenship
* Cosmopolitanism, the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single moral community
* Cosmopolitan ...
genus commonly distributed in tropical and temperate regions.
The species occur as
saprobes (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter), pathogens and some species have been isolated as soil inhabitants (Brayford 1993;
Chaverri et al. 2011).
''Neonectria'' was linked to the asexual genus ''Cylindrocarpon''. Later
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
analysis revealed that ''Neonectria'' and ''Cylindrocarpon'' are
phylogenetically congeneric and they are not
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
(Mantiri et al. 2001; Brayford et al. 2004;
Seifert et al. 2003).
A taxonomic revision of ''Neonectria''
sensu lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...
was provided by Chaverri et al. in 2011,
based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, morphological characters and ecological data. Their phylogenetic analysis showed five distinct highly supported
clades
In biology, a clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy ...
that correspond to some extent with the informal ''Neonectria'' and ''Cylindrocarpon'' groups. Hence, three genera ''
llyonectria'', ''
Rugonectria'' and ''
Thelonectria'' were introduced to accommodate three ''Neonectria'' ''sensu lato'' informal groups.
'Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa' by Wijayawardene et al. lists up to 30 species (in 2020),
and around 25 records are listed by
Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...
,
and
GBIF
The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around the ...
.
[
]
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;Neonectria faginata
''Neonectria faginata'' is a species of fungus that affects ''Beech'' trees in North America. ''Neonectria faginata'', along with ''Neonectria ditissima'', are the cause of beech bark disease in trees that have already been affected by beech scal ...
''
*'' Neonectria hederae''
*'' Neonectria lugdunensis'' Heliscus '' with potential complications for nomenclature">Heliscus (fungus)">Heliscus '' with potential complications for nomenclature
*'' Neonectria magnoliae''
*'' Neonectria major''
*'' Neonectria microconidia''
*'' Neonectria neomacrospora''
*'' Neonectria obtusispora''
*'' Neonectria phaeodisca''
*'' Neonectria punicea''
*'' Neonectria quercicola''
*'' Neonectria ramulariae''
*'' Neonectria shennongjiana''
*'' Neonectria tokyoensis''
*'' Neonectria tsugae''
*'' Neonectria verrucispora''
Former species;Hypocreales
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes.
In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, in ...
* ''N. cinnamomea'' = '' Cinnamomeonectria cinnamomea'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. coprosmae'' = '' Ilyonectria coprosmae'', Hypocreales
* ''N. coronata'' = '' Thelonectria coronata'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. discophora'' = '' Thelonectria discophora'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. discophora'' var. ''rubi'' = '' Thelonectria rubi'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. fuckeliana'' = '' Corinectria fuckeliana'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. galligena'' = ''Neonectria ditissima'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. hubeiensis'' = '' Cylindrodendrum hubeiense'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. jungneri'' = '' Macronectria jungneri'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. liriodendri'' = '' Ilyonectria liriodendri'', Hypocreales
* ''N. lucida'' = '' Thelonectria lucida'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. macroconidialis'' = '' Ilyonectria macroconidialis'', Hypocreales
* ''N. macrodidyma'' = '' Dactylonectria macrodidyma'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. platycephala'' = '' Thelonectria platycephala'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. radicicola'' = '' Ilyonectria radicicola'', Hypocreales
* ''N. reteaudii'' = ''Calonectria reteaudii
''Calonectria reteaudii'' is a species of fungus in the family Nectriaceae
The Nectriaceae comprise a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. It was circumscribed by brothers Charles and Louis René Tulasne in 1865. In 2020, an Outline of f ...
'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. rugulosa'' = '' Rugonectria rugulosa'', Hypocreales
* ''N. sinensis'' = '' Thelonectria sinensis'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. trachosa'' = '' Thelonectria trachosa'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. veuillotiana'' = '' Thelonectria veuillotiana'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. viridispora'' = '' Thelonectria viridispora'', Nectriaceae
* ''N. westlandica'' = '' Thelonectria westlandica'', Nectriaceae
References
External links
*
Nectriaceae genera
{{Hypocreales-stub