Neomphaloidea is a superfamily of deep-sea snails or

limpet Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical gastropod shell, shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida. The order Neomphalida has the largest ''

in situ is a Latin phrase meaning 'in place' or 'on site', derived from ' ('in') and ' ( ablative of ''situs'', ). The term typically refers to the examination or occurrence of a process within its original context, without relocation. The term is use ...

'' radiation in

hydrothermal vent Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hot ...

habitats. Neomphalida is a major

taxonomic 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...

grouping of sea snails, vent-endemic marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage, going back to the

Palaeozoic The Paleozoic ( , , ; or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Beginning 538.8 million years ago (Ma), it succeeds the Neoproterozoic (the last era of the Proterozoic Eon) and ends 251.9 Ma at the start of ...

era.

2005 taxonomy

The superfamily Neomphaloidea was regarded for a long time as belonging within the clade

Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouch ...

. Superfamily Neomphaloidea was also classified in the clade

according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.

2010 taxonomy

Molecular phylogeny showed that Neomphaloidea belongs in its own order, the Neomphalida, and that this clade is basal to the Vetigastropoda. The Neomphalina is, based on optimal phylogenetic analysis, a monophyletic clade, with uncertain relations among the gastropods.

Description

The anatomical characteristics of the Neomphaloidea largely follow the patterns in the Vetigastropoda. However, unusual morphological and phylogentic characters suggest a different systematic position and place it in its own order, the Neomphalida. The formal placement of Neomphalida within the Gastropoda however remains ambiguous.Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". ''Invertebrate Biology'' 129(3): 220-240
.

Families

Families within the Neomphaloidea include: *

Melanodrymiidae Melanodrymiidae is a family (biology), family of gastropods belonging to the superfamily Neomphaloidea.Bouchet, P. (2011). Melanodrymiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...

Salvini-Plawen & Steiner, 1995 * Neomphalidae McLean, 1981 * Peltospiridae McLean, 1989 A few genera within Neomphaloidea have been unassigned to a family: * '' Helicrenion'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993 * '' Retiskenea'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001Bouchet, P. (2010). ''Retiskenea'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449910 on 2017-05-26 ;Synonyms: * Cyathermiidae J. H. McLean, 1990: synonym of Neomphalidae J. H. McLean, 1981

References

External links

Steffen Kiel (2010), ''The Vent and Seep Biota: Aspects from Microbes to Ecosystems'', Nature

Thomas Kunze, Martin Hess, Martin Brückner, Friederike Beck & Gerhard Haszprunar, ''Skeneimorph gastropods in Neomphalina and Vetigastropoda — A preliminary report'', Zoosymposia 1: 119–131 (2008); ISSN 1178-9913
{{Taxonbar, from=Q874910 Gastropod superfamilies Neomphaliones Marine gastropods