Neomphaloidea is a
superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
of deep-sea snails or
limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical gastropod shell, shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, ...
s, marine
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida.
The order Neomphalida has the largest ''
in situ
is a Latin phrase meaning 'in place' or 'on site', derived from ' ('in') and ' ( ablative of ''situs'', ). The term typically refers to the examination or occurrence of a process within its original context, without relocation. The term is use ...
'' radiation in
hydrothermal vent
Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hot ...
habitats. Neomphalida is a major
taxonomic
280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...
grouping of
sea snails
Sea snails are slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visibl ...
, vent-endemic marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage, going back to the
Palaeozoic
The Paleozoic ( , , ; or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Beginning 538.8 million years ago (Ma), it succeeds the Neoproterozoic (the last era of the Proterozoic Eon) and ends 251.9 Ma at the start of ...
era.
2005 taxonomy
The superfamily Neomphaloidea was regarded for a long time as belonging within the clade
Vetigastropoda
Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouch ...
. Superfamily Neomphaloidea was also classified in the clade
Vetigastropoda
Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouch ...
according to the
taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
2010 taxonomy
Molecular phylogeny showed that Neomphaloidea belongs in its own order, the Neomphalida, and that this clade is
basal to the Vetigastropoda. The Neomphalina is, based on optimal phylogenetic analysis, a monophyletic clade, with uncertain relations among the gastropods.
Description
The anatomical characteristics of the Neomphaloidea largely follow the patterns in the Vetigastropoda. However, unusual morphological and phylogentic characters suggest a different systematic position and place it in its own order, the Neomphalida. The formal placement of Neomphalida within the Gastropoda however remains ambiguous.
[Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". ''Invertebrate Biology'' 129(3): 220-240](_blank)
.
Families
Families within the Neomphaloidea include:
*
Melanodrymiidae
Melanodrymiidae is a family (biology), family of gastropods belonging to the superfamily Neomphaloidea.Bouchet, P. (2011). Melanodrymiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...
Salvini-Plawen & Steiner, 1995
*
Neomphalidae
Neomphalidae is a family of sea snails or limpets, specifically deep sea hydrothermal vent limpets. This family was included in the Vetigastropoda, which is a clade according to the Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. It is now included in the clade Neomph ...
McLean, 1981
*
Peltospiridae
Peltospiridae is a small family of gastropods that used to belong to the clade Vetigastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), but is now included in the clade Neomphalina.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Pe ...
McLean, 1989
A few genera within Neomphaloidea have been unassigned to a family:
* ''
Helicrenion''
Warén & Bouchet, 1993
* ''
Retiskenea
''Retiskenea'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recogni ...
''
Warén & Bouchet, 2001[Bouchet, P. (2010). ''Retiskenea'' Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449910 on 2017-05-26]
;Synonyms:
* Cyathermiidae
J. H. McLean, 1990: synonym of Neomphalidae
J. H. McLean, 1981
See also
The other superfamily of hydrothermal vent limpets is the
Lepetodriloidea
Lepetodriloidea is a superfamily of small to large sea snails, hydrothermal vent limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda
Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form ...
.
References
External links
Steffen Kiel (2010), ''The Vent and Seep Biota: Aspects from Microbes to Ecosystems'', NatureThomas Kunze, Martin Hess, Martin Brückner, Friederike Beck & Gerhard Haszprunar, ''Skeneimorph gastropods in Neomphalina and Vetigastropoda — A preliminary report'', Zoosymposia 1: 119–131 (2008); ISSN 1178-9913
{{Taxonbar, from=Q874910
Gastropod superfamilies
Neomphaliones
Marine gastropods