The Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics and Science Notation is a
Braille code for encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using standard six-dot
Braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired. The code was developed by
Abraham Nemeth. The Nemeth Code was first written up in 1952. It was revised in 1956, 1965, and 1972.
It is an example of a compact human-readable
markup language
A markup language is a Encoding, text-encoding system which specifies the structure and formatting of a document and potentially the relationships among its parts. Markup can control the display of a document or enrich its content to facilitate au ...
.
Nemeth Braille is just one code used to write mathematics in braille. There are many systems in use around the world.
Principles of the Nemeth Code
The Nemeth Code Book (1972) opens with the following words:
One consequence is that the braille transcriber does not need to know the underlying mathematics. The braille transcriber needs to identify the inkprint symbols and know how to render them in Nemeth Code braille. For example, if the same math symbol might have two different meanings, this would not matter; both instances would be brailled the same. This is in contrast to the International
Braille Music Code, where the braille depends on the meaning of the inkprint music. Thus a knowledge of music is required to produce braille music.
Table of Nemeth braille codes
General signs
Number signs
Operators
Parentheses and brackets
Fractions
Other modifiers
Braille indicators
Comparison signs
Geometry
Arrows
Trig functions
Set theory
Misc. signs
Polygons
Triangles
Other signs
Greek letters
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. It was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and is the earliest known alphabetic script to systematically write vowels as we ...
and
Latin letters
Greek and Latin letters are based on the assignments of
International Greek Braille.
See also
*
Gardner-Salinas braille
*
WIMATS, application software to transcript mathematical and scientific text input into braille script.
References
External links
An Introduction to the Nemeth Braille Code for MathematicsPDF of the 1972 Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics application software that transcribes LaTeX to Nemeth Braille.
*
ttps://nfb.org//images/nfb/publications/fr/fr28/fr280110.htm The History of Nemeth CodeBraille Mathematical Notations: Different Braille Mathematical Codes from Around the World
{{Braille
Braille symbols
Mathematical notation
Mathematical markup languages