Nelore or Nellore

cattle Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus '' Bos''. Mature female cattle are calle ...

originated from Ongole Cattle ('' Bos indicus'') cattle originally brought to

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

from

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

. They are named after the district of

Nellore Nellore, also spelt as Nelluru, is a city located on the banks of Penna River, in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India.Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919, ISO: , , AP) is a States and union territories of India, state on the East Coast of India, east coast of southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, seventh-largest state and th ...

state in

Ongole Ongole (), natively known as Ongolu, is a city in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Prakasam district. It is known for Ongole cattle, an indigenous breed of oxen. Etymology The name 'Ongole' i ...

taluk was part of Nellore district when they were first exported abroad. The Nelore has a distinct large hump over the top of the shoulder and neck. They have long legs which help them to walk in water and when grazing. The Nelore can adapt to all except very cold climates. They are very resistant to high temperatures and have natural resistance to various parasites and diseases. Brazil is the largest breeder of Nelore. Nelore have the shortest ears of most '' Bos indicus'' types. There is a naturally polled strain of the breed.

Breed history

The first pair of Ongole Cattle arrived in Brazil by ship in 1868, at Salvador, Bahia. Manoel Ubelhart Lemgruber, from Rio de Janeiro Zoo, bought two more from

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-lar ...

Zoo in 1878. The most recent importations from

were of one hundred animals in the 1960s. The Nelore herd book was founded in 1975. In the first decades of twentieth century, the favored breed of

zebu The zebu (; ''Bos indicus''), also known as indicine cattle and humped cattle, is a species or subspecies of Bos taurus, domestic cattle originating in South Asia. Zebu, like many Sanga cattle breeds, differs from taurine cattle by a fatty hump ...

was the Indubrasil or Indo-Brazilian, but from the 1960s onwards, Nelore became the primary breed of

in Brazil because of its hardiness, heat-resistance, and because it thrives on poor-quality forage and breeds easily, with the calves rarely requiring human intervention to survive. Currently more than 80% of

beef cattle Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk (production)). The meat of mature or almost mature cattle is mostly known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf opera ...

in Brazil (approximately 167,000,000 animals) are either purebred or hybrid Nelore,Oklahoma State University breed profile
/ref> making them the majority breed in Brazil. Bulls of this breed have been exported to many other countries in the Western Hemisphere, such as

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

and

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

in the last decades.

Main lineages in Brazil

The vast majority of Nelores created today comes from lineages that entered Brazil from

in the 1950s and 60's. These lineages are: Karvardi, Taj Mahal, Golias, Godhavari, Rastan, Akasamu and Padhu(4).

References

External links

Nelore Cattle-Cattle Today
* (1
ACNB: Associação dos Criadores de Nelore do Brasil (Nelore Breeders Association of Brazil)
(official site, in Brazilian Portuguese) * (2
ABCZ: Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu (Brazilian Zebu Breeders Association)
(in Brazilian Portuguese) * (3
Site in English
* (4
Short site in English
* (5
Site in Portuguese
* (6

{{Cattle breeds of Brazil Animal husbandry in Andhra Pradesh Cattle breeds Beef cattle breeds Cattle breeds originating in Brazil

Breed history

Main lineages in Brazil

See also

References

External links