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"" is a
duet A duet (italian language, Italian: ''duo'') is a musical composition for two Performing arts, performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a har ...
from Giovanni Paisiello's 1788 opera ''L'amor contrastato, ossia La molinara'', usually known as ' (The Miller-Woman). The duet is sung twice in the opera's second act, first by the miller-woman Rachelina (
soprano A soprano () is a type of classical singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types. The soprano's vocal range (using scientific pitch notation) is from approximately middle C (C4) = 261 Hertz, Hz to A5 in Choir, choral ...
) and Calloandro ( tenor) and then by Rachelina and the notary Pistofolo (
baritone A baritone is a type of classical music, classical male singing human voice, voice whose vocal range lies between the bass (voice type), bass and the tenor voice type, voice-types. It is the most common male voice. The term originates from the ...
).Glenn Paton, John. ''26 Italian Songs and Arias: An Authoritative Edition Based on Authentic Sources''. Van Nuys: Alfred Publishing, 1991. The duet is notable as its theme has been used many times as a basis for other musical works, and due to its inclusion in Alessandro Parisotti's 1885 collection ', the song has secured a place in classical vocal pedagogy.


Music

The duet is written in the key of
G major G major is a major scale based on G (musical note), G, with the pitches G, A (musical note), A, B (musical note), B, C (musical note), C, D (musical note), D, E (musical note), E, and F♯ (musical note), F. Its key signature has one sharp (music ...
with a
time signature A time signature (also known as meter signature, metre signature, and measure signature) is an indication in music notation that specifies how many note values of a particular type fit into each measure ( bar). The time signature indicates th ...
. The voices are accompanied by violins, viola and continuo. There is an 8 measure instrumental introduction followed by 20 measures of Rachelina singing the theme. Calloandro repeats these 20 measures with new text before Rachelina joins him for 12 more that repeat half of the theme. The orchestra then concludes the piece with 4 measures. After some
recitative Recitative (, also known by its Italian name recitativo () is a style of delivery (much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms and delivery of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines ...
, Calloandro leaves the stage and Pistofolo appears. The duet is repeated entirely as before, but this time with Pistofolo (who sings an entirely new set of words) rather than Calloandro. Without ornamentation, the range for each singer covers the interval of a minor seventh (from F#4 to E5 for Rachelina and F#3 to E4 for Calloandro and Pistofolo). The duet would have been ornamented by singers according to the custom of the day.


Influence

Beethoven composed six variations in G major for piano, WoO 70, in 1795. Other composers that have used the theme include Paganini ("Introduction and variations in G major" for violin, Op. 38, MS 44, 1827),
Fernando Sor Fernando Sor (baptised 14 February 1778 – 10 July 1839) was a Spanish classical guitarist and composer of the Classical period (music), late Classical era and Romantic music, early Romantic era. Best known for writing solo classical guitar mu ...
(Fantasie, Op. 16 for guitar 1823), Friedrich Silcher (flute and piano), Mauro Giuliani (guitar and keyboard), Luigi Legnani (Op. 16 for guitar), Giovanni Bottesini (for double bass), Nicola Antonio Manfroce, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, and
Johann Baptist Wanhal Johann Baptist Wanhal (12 May 1739 – 20 August 1813) was a Czech composer of the Classical period. He was born in Nechanice, Bohemia, and died in Vienna. His music was well respected by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Ludwig van Beetho ...
. There is also a version by Theobald Boehm (Böhm), Nel cor più non mi sento, op. 4 for flute & piano.


Lyrics


''Arie Antiche''

When Alessandro Parisotti included this work in his collection of ''Arie Antiche'' (1885), he created a solo version by including only the first 28 measures of the duet. He also changed the key to F major and added ornaments without preserving the original melody.Parisotti, Alessandro. ''Arie Antiche'', Vol. 1. Milan: Ricordi, 1885. The song was later included in G. Schirmer's ''Twenty-Four Italian Songs and Arias''. It is in this form that the duet has become familiar to modern audiences. In concert, it is typically repeated with the repeat being more heavily ornamented.


References

Notes Sources * Paisiello, Giovanni. '' L'amor contrastato, oissia La molinara''. Manuscript, n.d. (ca. 1813). Ricasoli Collection at the
University of Louisville The University of Louisville (UofL) is a public university, public research university in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is part of the Kentucky state university system. Chartered in 1798 as the Jefferson Seminary, it became in the 19t ...
Music Library, Louisville. International Music Score Library Project. * Paisiello, Giovanni. (
libretto A libretto (From the Italian word , ) is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or Musical theatre, musical. The term ''libretto'' is also sometimes used to refer to th ...
), Antonio Landini (Jolanda, ballet)
"''La molinara; ossia, L'amor contrastato''; dramma giocoso per musica, in due atti, da rappresentarsi nel R.o Teatro alla Scala, la primavera dell'anno 1810"
Book, 1810 Milano, Dalla Società Tipografica de' Classici Italiani. Thomas Fischer Rare Book Library, University of Toronto. * Paisiello, Giovanni. Giuseppe Palomba (libretto)
"''La Molinara'': a comic opera in two acts as represented at the King's Theatre in the Haymarket for the first time, on Saturday, March 8, 1817"
Book, 1817 London: W. Winchester and Son.


External links

* * *


Interpretations

* sung by Renata Tebaldi, with orchestra, 1973 * sung by Eglise Gutiérrez, with piano accompaniment * played by Wilhelm Kempff in 1962 * played by Julio Zoppi * performed by Lorna Anderson, soprano; David McGuinness, piano {{DEFAULTSORT:Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento Compositions by Giovanni Paisiello Opera excerpts Arias in Italian 1788 compositions Compositions in G major