
The Lusatian Neisse (; ; ;
Upper Sorbian
Upper Sorbian (), occasionally referred to as Wendish (), is a minority language spoken by Sorbs in the historical province of Upper Lusatia, today part of Saxony, Germany. It is a West Slavic language, along with Lower Sorbian, Czech, Poli ...
: ''Łužiska Nysa'';
Lower Sorbian
Lower may refer to:
* ''Lower'' (album), 2025 album by Benjamin Booker
*Lower (surname)
*Lower Township, New Jersey
*Lower Receiver (firearms)
*Lower Wick
Lower Wick is a small hamlet located in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is sit ...
: ''Łužyska Nysa''), or Western Neisse, is a river in northern
Central Europe
Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern Europe, Eastern, Southern Europe, Southern, Western Europe, Western and Northern Europe, Northern Europe. Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in ...
.
[''Neisse River''](_blank)
at www.britannica.com. Retrieved 4 Feb 2011. It rises in the
Jizera Mountains
Jizera Mountains (), or Izera Mountains (; ), are part of the Western Sudetes on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The range got its name from the Jizera (river), Jizera River, which rises at the southern base of the Smrk (Jizera), ...
, near
Nová Ves nad Nisou, at the
Czech border becoming the
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
* Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin ...
–
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany, the country of the Germans and German things
**Germania (Roman era)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
border for its remaining , to flow into the similarly northward-flowing
Oder
The Oder ( ; Czech and ) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows through wes ...
from the left.
Its
drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
covers , of which is in Poland, the rest is mainly in Germany.
[Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017]
Statistics Poland
Statistics Poland (, popularly called GUS), formerly known in English as the Central Statistical Office, is the Polish government's chief executive agency charged with collecting and publishing statistics related to the economy, population, and s ...
, pp. 85–86 The river reaches the
tripoint
A triple border, tripoint, trijunction, triple point, or tri-border area is a geography, geographical point at which the boundaries of three countries or Administrative division, subnational entities meet. There are 175 international tripoints ...
of the three nations by
Zittau
Zittau (; ; ; ; ; Lusatian dialects, Upper Lusatian dialect: ''Sitte''; ) is the southeasternmost city in the Germany, German state of Saxony, and belongs to the Görlitz (district), district of Görlitz, Germany's easternmost Districts of Germ ...
, a German town/city, after , leaving the Czech Republic.
[ It is a left-bank tributary of the Oder, into which it flows between ]Neißemünde
Neißemünde (''Neissemuende'', literally ''Mouth of the Neisse river ;'' ) is a Municipalities of Germany, municipality in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It belongs to the ''Amt (country subdivision), Amt'' ("collective municipa ...
-Ratzdorf and Kosarzyn – north of the towns of Guben
Guben (Polish language, Polish and Sorbian languages, Sorbian: ''Gubin'') is a town on the Lusatian Neisse river in Lower Lusatia, in the States of Germany, state of Brandenburg, in eastern Germany. Located in the Spree-Neiße Districts of German ...
and Gubin. The river was a motivations to found Gubin as a craftmanship and trading port in the 13th Century.
Since the 1945 Potsdam Agreement
The Potsdam Agreement () was the agreement among three of the Allies of World War II: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union after the war ended in Europe that was signed on 1 August 1945 and published the following day. A ...
in the aftermath of World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, the river has partially demarcated the German-Polish border (along the Oder–Neisse line
The Oder–Neisse line (, ) is an unofficial term for the Germany–Poland border, modern border between Germany and Poland. The line generally follows the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers, meeting the Baltic Sea in the north. A small portion ...
). The German population east of the river was expelled from Poland to Germany.
It is the longest and most watered of the three rivers of its non-adjectival name in both the main languages (the two other rivers being the Eastern Neisse
The Eastern Neisse, also known by its Polish name of Nysa Kłodzka (, ), is a river in southwestern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder, with a length of 188 km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,570 km2 (3,742 in Poland).
Prior to Wo ...
(; ) and Raging Neisse
The Raging NeisseDodge, Lt Col Theodore Ayrault. ''Napoleon: A History of the Art of War. Vol. IV'', 2014 (, or ''Jauersche Neiße'') is a river in Poland. It has a length of about and flows into the Kaczawa (Katzbach), which in turn flows into ...
(Polish: ''Nysa Szalona''; German: ''Wütende Neiße'' or ''Jauersche Neiße'')). It is usually simply referred to as the Neisse.
Name
Since the river runs through the historic region of Lusatia
Lusatia (; ; ; ; ; ), otherwise known as Sorbia, is a region in Central Europe, formerly entirely in Germany and today territorially split between Germany and modern-day Poland. Lusatia stretches from the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers in the eas ...
, the adjective "Lusatian" or "Western" before the name of the river Neisse is used whenever differentiating this border river from the Eastern Neisse
The Eastern Neisse, also known by its Polish name of Nysa Kłodzka (, ), is a river in southwestern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder, with a length of 188 km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,570 km2 (3,742 in Poland).
Prior to Wo ...
(Polish: ''Nysa Kłodzka'', German: ''Glatzer Neiße'') and the smaller Raging Neisse
The Raging NeisseDodge, Lt Col Theodore Ayrault. ''Napoleon: A History of the Art of War. Vol. IV'', 2014 (, or ''Jauersche Neiße'') is a river in Poland. It has a length of about and flows into the Kaczawa (Katzbach), which in turn flows into ...
(Polish: ''Nysa Szalona''; German: ''Wütende Neiße'' or ''Jauersche Neiße''), both in Poland.
Towns and villages
At Bad Muskau
Bad Muskau (; formerly ''Muskau'', , , ) is a spa town in the historic Upper Lusatia region in eastern Germany, at the border with Poland. It is part of the Görlitz district in the State of Saxony.
It is located on the banks of the Lusatian Ne ...
the Neisse flows through Muskau Park
Muskau Park (, officially: ''Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau''; ) is a landscape park in the Upper Lusatia region of Germany and Poland. It is the largest and one of the most famous English gardens in Central Europe, stretching along both sides ...
, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...
. Cities and towns on the river from source to mouth include:
* Jablonec nad Nisou
Jablonec nad Nisou (; ) is a city in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 46,000 inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region. It is a local centre for education, and is known for its glass and jewelry production, espe ...
, Czech Republic
* Vratislavice, Czech Republic
* Liberec
Liberec (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is pr ...
, Czech Republic
* Chrastava
Chrastava (; ) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,300 inhabitants.
Administrative division
Chrastava consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
...
, Czech Republic
* Hrádek nad Nisou
Hrádek nad Nisou (; , ) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 8,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Administrative division
Hr� ...
, Czech Republic
* Zittau
Zittau (; ; ; ; ; Lusatian dialects, Upper Lusatian dialect: ''Sitte''; ) is the southeasternmost city in the Germany, German state of Saxony, and belongs to the Görlitz (district), district of Görlitz, Germany's easternmost Districts of Germ ...
, Germany
* Bogatynia
Bogatynia (; German language, German: ''Reichenau in Sachsen''; ; ) is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. As of December 2021, the town had a population of 16,460.
Geography
The municipal area forms Po ...
, Poland
* Görlitz
Görlitz (; ; ; ; ; Lusatian dialects, East Lusatian: , , ) is a town in the Germany, German state of Saxony. It is on the river Lusatian Neisse and is the largest town in Upper Lusatia, the second-largest town in the region of Lusatia after ...
, Germany; Zgorzelec
Zgorzelec (, , , , Lower Sorbian: ''Zgórjelc'') is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland, with 30,374 inhabitants (2019). It is the seat of Zgorzelec County and of Gmina Zgorzelec (although it is not part of the territory ...
, Poland
* Pieńsk, Poland
* Bad Muskau
Bad Muskau (; formerly ''Muskau'', , , ) is a spa town in the historic Upper Lusatia region in eastern Germany, at the border with Poland. It is part of the Görlitz district in the State of Saxony.
It is located on the banks of the Lusatian Ne ...
, Germany; Łęknica
Łęknica (; , ) is a border town in western Poland, one of the two gminas of Żary County in Lubusz Voivodeship.
Muskau Park (''Park Mużakowski''), a Polish-German World Heritage Site and Historic Monument of Poland, stretches north of the ...
, Poland
* Forst (Lausitz)
Forst (Lausitz) ( German, ) or Baršć (Łužyca) (Lower Sorbian, ; Polish: Barść) is a town in Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, in eastern Germany. It lies east of Cottbus, on the Lusatian Neisse river which is also the German- Polish border. It i ...
, Germany
* Guben
Guben (Polish language, Polish and Sorbian languages, Sorbian: ''Gubin'') is a town on the Lusatian Neisse river in Lower Lusatia, in the States of Germany, state of Brandenburg, in eastern Germany. Located in the Spree-Neiße Districts of German ...
, Germany; Gubin, Poland
Tributaries
Right bank:
* Lubsza
Left bank:
* Mandau
The Mandau () is a river in Bohemia (Czech Republic) and Saxony (Germany). It is a left tributary of the Lusatian Neisse, which it joins near Zittau.
It originates from multiple springs north of the 580.6m (1902 feet AMSL) Wolf Mountain (Czec ...
See also
* List of rivers of the Czech Republic
This is a list of rivers of the Czech Republic.
Naming conventions
Czech language distinguishes between large (river; in Czech '' řeka'') and small (stream, creek, brook; in Czech '' potok'') watercourses. River names are mostly self-standing on ...
* List of rivers of Germany
This article lists rivers that are located in Germany, either entirely or partially, or that form the country's international borders. The rivers of Germany flow into either the Baltic Sea (), the Black Sea or the North Sea ().
The main rivers o ...
* List of rivers of Poland
Following is a list of rivers, which are at least partially, if not predominantly located within Poland.KSNG (2002–2014)List of Names of Flowing Waters (Wykaz nazw wód płynacych)(PDF file, direct download 1.47 MB), Komisja Standaryzacji Nazw Ge ...
References
External links
Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law
Peace Palace Library
* Closed Germany–Poland bridges
{{Authority control
International rivers of Europe
Rivers of Poland
Rivers of Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Rivers of Lubusz Voivodeship
Rivers of the Liberec Region
Rivers of Brandenburg
Rivers of Saxony
Rivers of the Czech Republic
Geography of Lusatia
Germany–Poland border
Federal waterways in Germany
Border rivers
Rivers of Germany