National Metallurgical Laboratory
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National Metallurgical Laboratory is an Indian research center based in
Jamshedpur Jamshedpur (; ), also known as Tatanagar, is a major industrial city in eastern India. It is the List of cities in Jharkhand by population, largest city in the state of Jharkhand. With a population of 629,658 in the city limits and 1.3 million ...
that functions under the aegis of the
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR; IAST: ''vaigyanik tathā audyogik anusandhāna pariṣada'') is a research and development (R&D) organisation in India to promote scientific, industrial and economic growth. Headquarter ...
.


History

In 1944, the then Government released to set up National Physical Laboratory,
National Chemical Laboratory The National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) is an Indian government laboratory based in Pune, in western India. Popularly known as NCL, a constituent member of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) India, it was established in ...
and National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML). This was seen as a step by the Government to develop industry in pre-independent
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
, and also as an incentive to private firms to support industrial research. As a result, the Tata Trust promised to donate to NML. A year later, Ardeshir Dalal – the then member of planning and development for the government – confirmed the location of NML to be
Jamshedpur Jamshedpur (; ), also known as Tatanagar, is a major industrial city in eastern India. It is the List of cities in Jharkhand by population, largest city in the state of Jharkhand. With a population of 629,658 in the city limits and 1.3 million ...
. In 1946, the governing body approved the final plans for NML. As per that, the laboratory was to be set up with an initial capital expenditure of . On 21 November 1946, Honorable Mr.
C. Rajagopalachari Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), popularly known as Rajaji or C.R., also known as Mootharignar Rajaji (Rajaji'', the Scholar Emeritus''), was an Indian statesman, writer, lawyer, and Indian independence ...
laid the foundation stone of the laboratory in front of representatives from the iron and steel industry. Dr.
George Sachs George Sachs (April 5, 1896 – October 30, 1960) was a Russian-born German and American metallurgist. Born in Moscow, he taught at Frankfurt University (1930-1935), and the Case Institute of Technology (now Case Western Reserve University, ''CW ...
, an American
metallurgist Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the ...
was appointed as the first director of the laboratory. Since October 1949, the technological block of the laboratory started functioning effectively. On 26 November 1950, the country's first prime minister
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat, and statesman who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a prin ...
inaugurated the laboratory. This was followed by a two-day conference that was held in the presence of the directors of National Physical Laboratory, National Chemical Laboratory, Central Road Research Laboratory, Fuel Research Institute, NML and Central Glass and Ceramic Research Laboratory. The conference noted the essential articles that were not produced in the country, but will be required during emergencies.


R&D

Source: * NML played a significant role in developing a ‘Direct Reduction Technology’ for producing sponge iron with solid fuel like non-metallurgical coal. This formed the basis of the first commercial sponge iron plant of India in 1975. * NML had developed a technology for extraction of zinc by the hydrometallurgical route for Hindustan Zinc Ltd. In this process, nitrogen was used as an inert gas to prevent oxidation of zinc, and in a once through mode rather than recovery and recycling. * Column flotation technology for the beneficiation of sillimanite was successfully developed and demonstrated first at the Indian Rare Earths plant in Orissa. Today it is commercially operating with consistent recovery and grades, both at Chatrapur and Chavara. * NML had developed an eco-friendly cokeless cupola for foundries, particularly for the Taj Mahal area in Agra. This was based on CNG instead of conventional coke * NML had developed models to capture and predict the process phenomenon occurring in different zones of the blast furnace. Lack of operational data was a great handicap. To overcome this, a ''Real Time Process Simulator'' was developed for online monitoring and prediction of internal process dynamics. At TISCO, the productivity of blast furnace G increased from 2.04t/m3/d to 2.46t/m3/d because of the inputs from NML. At Bhilai Steel Plant, the blast furnace productivity was enhanced from 1.6 t/m3/d to 1.88 t/m3/d upon implementation of the RTPS system. * NML has developed a range of softwares, test protocols, sensors and devices for structural integrity assessment and residual life evaluation of materials and components used in power plants and petrochemical industries. NDE sensors and devices based on ultrasonics, magnetic and acoustics which have been implemented extensively in the industries. * NML establishing a pilot plant to produce magnesium using indigenous technology in Jamshedpur. The plant will produce 120 kg of magnesium daily, NML has developed a new indigenous "Highly Guarded Magnetherm" process, this electrothermal process produces at pilot scale of 300-450 kg raw material producing ~40 kg Magnesium/batch. *NML has developed Anti-tarnishing lacquer is a one-component fast-drying interior lacquer for use on Brass, Copper, Bronze, and Silver surfaces. It prevents tarnishing (blackening) and provides a durable finish resistant to water, acid, and alkali environments.https://nml.res.in/technology-portfolio-csir-nml/coatings-and-lacquers/anti-tarnishing-lacquer-silver-and-copper-based-alloys


See also

*
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL) is a research laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Defence Research Complex, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad. It is responsible for the development and manufa ...
*
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (also known as CSIR-CGCRI Kolkata abbr. CGCRI Kolkata) is a premier research institute in India dedicated to the advancement of glass, ceramics, mica, refractories and related materials science. Loca ...
*
Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology An institute is an organizational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes ca ...
* Central Electro Chemical Research Institute


References


External links

* {{coord, 22.778, 86.205, display=title Research institutes in Jharkhand Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Metallurgical industry in India Education in Jamshedpur 1946 establishments in India Research institutes established in 1946