The National Centre for Cold-chain Development (NCCD) is an

autonomous In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defi ...

think tank body established by the

Government of India The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union t ...

with an agenda to positively impact and promote the development of the cold-chain sector in the country. NCCD was registered under the Society Registration Act, 1860 and given sanction by the

Union Cabinet of India The Union Council of Ministers is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which serves to aid and advise the President of India in execution of their functions.Article 74 of the ''Constitution of India'' It is chaired by th ...

on 9 February 2012 in a session chaired by the country's Prime Minister.

History

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

is one of the largest producers of

agricultural Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created f ...

products and one of the global leaders in the pharmaceutical sector. Yet, it is known to have a fledgling cold-chain, which results in supply chain losses of food and other resources. These losses have been stated to be as high as USD 8 to 15 billion per annum from the agriculture sector alone. To address this concern, the government had earlier constituted a National Task Force on Cold-chain in 2008. This task force was discharged in 2010 on completing its mandate and in its report recommended that a dedicated institute be established to promote and coordinate various cold-chain initiatives undertaken by different government arms and the private industry. Cold chains are common in the food and pharmaceutical industries and also some chemical shipments. The

is one of the driving forces in developing the cold-chain industry and supports private participation through various subsidy schemes and grants. Investment in cold-chain in India was also opened under the automatic route for 100% FDI participation. The existing cold-chain in India largely comprised (in 2010) of comparatively small private companies with a regional or local footprint. Most of the earlier infrastructure developed to service the cold-chain needs of the country was focused on the storage of

potato The potato () is a starchy tuberous vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are underground stem tubers of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'', a perennial in the nightshade famil ...

. While this specific

produce In American English, produce generally refers to wikt:fresh, fresh List of culinary fruits, fruits and Vegetable, vegetables intended to be Eating, eaten by humans, although other food products such as Dairy product, dairy products or Nut (foo ...

is not native to India and is harvested only once only during winter, the success of cold-chain intervention has made potatoes available all through the year and is now considered part of the country's staple diet. In the previous two decades, India has been developing at a quick pace and an increasing demand for high-value foods with a shift towards

horticultural Horticulture (from ) is the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and mo ...

crops has been documented. This, coupled with rapid

urbanisation Urbanization (or urbanisation in British English) is the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It can also ...

resulted in multi-fold changes to the spending and consumption pattern of India's population. The existing food

supply chain A supply chain is a complex logistics system that consists of facilities that convert raw materials into finished products and distribute them to end consumers or end customers, while supply chain management deals with the flow of goods in distri ...

systems were unable to cope with these fast-changing

demographic Demography () is the statistics, statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration. Demographic analy ...

trends and the lack of efficient and effective supply chains is understood to lead to a variety of losses in the perishable food segment. In 2012, Indian farmers produced 240 million metric tonnes of horticultural produce, almost equal to its grain and cereals production. Various reports indicated that 18% to 40% of this produce was lost due to supply chain inefficiencies, concluding that a focused effort was required to promote the development of the cold-chain in the country. The Indian government and its Planning Commission spelt out clear intention, that cold-chain has to be supported. Amongst the core identified development areas are the base infrastructure, environmentally friendly technologies, standards, and protocols, enabling policies and specialised skills.

Organisation

NCCD is overseen by a Governing Council and an Executive Committee, with equal representation of public and private sectors, chaired by the Secretary (A&C, Ministry of Agriculture). The principal executive of this body was originally conceived as its

Director Director may refer to: Literature * ''Director'' (magazine), a British magazine * ''The Director'' (novel), a 1971 novel by Henry Denker * ''The Director'' (play), a 2000 play by Nancy Hasty Music * Director (band), an Irish rock band * ''D ...

who would implement the decisions of the Executive Body. The first Director of NCCD was Mr. Sanjeev Chopra, a Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture. However, in keeping with the technical domain requirements, the governing bodies initially decided to invite an established

leader Leadership, is defined as the ability of an individual, group, or organization to "", influence, or guide other individuals, teams, or organizations. "Leadership" is a contested term. Specialist literature debates various viewpoints on the co ...

from the private sector as a chief advisor to assist in incubating the body and develop a roadmap. In this initial stage, various concept level revisions were proposed regarding cold chain and the requirements to make it future ready. In these years, India's horticultural production also overtook that in foodgrains. Subsequently, in 2014 the Governing Council decided that this body required to be strengthened with relevant domain expertise. It restructured the organization and added the position of Chief Executive Officer, to be filled by an industry stalwart with hands-on domain experience. The government officer nominated Director, was thereafter to provide administration support, with the professional Chief Executive Officer responsible to provide executive and technical direction. Capt. Pawanexh Kohli was the first Chief Advisor and the founding Chief Executive Officer of NCCD and headed this organization for its first eight years from 2012 to 2020. In this duration, the first CEO also served, in individual capacity, as the Chief Advisor to the Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, on topics of supply chain and postharvest management in India. This structure also allowed NCCD to work closely with the government across various agri-logistics matters, besides cold chain. This foundation allowed NCCD to establish a strong reputation in both public and private stakeholders, as an organization of credible expertise. NCCD think tank has participation from various private & government stakeholders ranging from Educational & Research Institutions, Regulatory authorities, Trade bodies, individual Companies involved as users or providers of cold-chain, farmer Groups and Associations as well as Individuals as Associate members. NCCD comprises members from the cold-chain stakeholders community and administered by its office secretariat staff. Each such member group also elects representation on the governing council, enabling NCCD to reflect inclusive governance and emulate a public-private partnership model. As of February 2020, Dr. BNS Murthy (a government officer and the Horticulture Commissioner of India), has been nominated to the role of Chief Executive Officer.

Technical committees

NCCD has constituted the following technical committees which include industry leaders as its members. :* Training, HRD and R&D Committee. :* Committee for Strengthening Supply Chain & Logistics. :* Application of Non-conventional Energy Sources in Cold Chain Infrastructure. :* Technical Specification, Standards, Test Laboratory and Product Certification Committee. These committees contribute towards this nodal body's functioning along its road-map.

Tasks

NCCD is tasked with objectives of national importance which include, # Serve as a

think tank A think tank, or public policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture. Most think tanks are non-governme ...

to the government on the subject of cold-chain. NCCD engages with its members to translate industry needs into policy recommendation. # Provide an enabling environment for cold chain sector and facilitate private investment for cold-chain infrastructure. # Direction setting to narrow the gap in the supply and value chain including storage, specialised transport and operational or business processes. # Address the concerns on standards and protocols related to cold-chain testing, verification, certification and accreditation. # Assist in developing and promoting new and energy efficient technologies and their adaption in India. #

Capacity building Capacity building (or capacity development, capacity strengthening) is the improvement in an individual's or organization's facility (or capability) "to produce, perform or deploy". The terms capacity building and capacity development have often ...

and training activities to reduce the gap in skilled human resources required for cold-chain sector. # Recommend guidelines to minimise environment impact and promote sustainability in the cold-chain. # Awareness programs on best practices for perishable product handling, indigenised for specific requirements and conditions. In India, while almost 15% of fruits and vegetables have access to cold storage capacity, less than 5% of such goods are precooled or get transported in the cold-chain. This results in most of the fresh produce being subject to harsh climatic conditions, incurring gross loss of perishable food items. Similar lack of cold-chain in the pharmaceutical sector witnesses increased risk and loss of medical products. Lack of appropriate integrated infrastructure in this sector also increases risk to frozen foods shipments. Despite being a large food producer globally, this disallows the supply chain to support India's aspirations to better serve its domestic population and increase its share in global food trade. NCCD is intended to address all segments and the developmental aspects of cold-chain.

International Cooperation

NCCD participates in global activities on matters of agri-logistics and food loss and waste. In 2013, Capt. Pawanexh Kohli, then head of NCCD, represented India as the Guest of Honour at the International Summit on Sustainability and cold chain in France, when NCCD also signed an MoU with Cemafroid. NCCD's first CEO was also invited for a debate at UK's House of Lords in 2015 and as expert to UK's Policy Commission on Cold Economy. That same year, NCCD's CEO co-chaired Working Groups on Food Loss and Food Waste at the International Action Summit held in The Hague. Under the authorship of its founding CEO, NCCD published India's minimum system standards and guidelines for cold chain infrastructure. NCCD also conducted the country's first ever cold chain infrastructure assessment, which thereafter formed the basis for future strategies in India. In 2016, NCCD was designated a knowledge partner of India's inter-ministerial Committee for Doubling Farmers' Income, with its CEO as a member of this historic Committee. NCCD has undertaken projects to demonstrate the efficiency of cold chain in connecting farmers with markets across India's sub-continental distances. Such projects also documented higher incomes for farmers and lower food losses and carbon footprint of the supply chain. Another initiative by NCCD is that of bringing synergistic uses to village level refrigerated pack-houses so as to benefit social and welfare needs of rural communities. In 2019, NCCD became the knowledge partner for the

International Solar Alliance The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an alliance of more than 120 signatory countries, most being sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The primary objective ...

to help foster solar energy used in cold chains in its UN member countries. Through NCCD, various myths about India's cold storage sector were rectified and it brought about a paradigm shift in policies. NCCD was awarded the

Agribusiness Agribusiness is the industry, enterprises, and the field of study of value chains in agriculture and in the bio-economy, in which case it is also called bio-business or bio-enterprise. The primary goal of agribusiness is to maximize profit ...

Leadership Award in India in 2014. In 2018, in recognition of the individual contributions of then CEO of NCCD, the University of Birmingham conferred him the title of honorary Professor. Through five technical committees constituted under NCCD, various domain experts within the country are also able to contribute in the works undertaken by NCCD. These include training in cold chain operations, workshops to encourage policy level interface between decision makers in government and operators, as well as knowledge dissemination through capacity building and awareness programmes. NCCD is recognized as the nodal body for cold chain development in India and for its unique construct, as an ecosystem of public and private sector stakeholders that serves to provide the country context relevant direction for its initiatives to develop cold chain for its agricultural sector.

References

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External links

Cabinet nod to cold chain centre : News

Centre to reduce gaps in infrastructure :Agriculture Minister

Cold chain draws (Indian) government attention- Industry Magazine

What is NCCD :General knowledge essay

India: Huge foreign investment opportunities in cold chain :Fresh Plaza news

FDI in multi-brand retail is Heating up the Cold :FDI discussion

* [http://www.investinindia.com/investmentindia/2012/02/18/india-earned-foreign-exchange-of-rs-14000-crore-from-export-of-horticulture-produce/ India earned Rs 14000 crore (USD 2690 million) from export of horticultural produce 2012 :Report]
Effective Cold Chains Help Productivity :Report

Faster movement of refrigerated vans on anvil :News

System Standards and Guidelines for cold-chain infrastructure :Document

Without Cooling, Most Modern Society Would Crumble :Forbes article

Kinnow Cold Chain Study :Document

Paradigm Shifts In India’s Agricultural Policy :Huffington Post

Doubling farmers’ income by reducing food loss :News

University of Birmingham appoints cold chain expert Kohli as professor :News"

India to consider communal cooling hub potential :Report

Deliberating Ways on Boosting EU -India Trade in Agri-products :Report

Think tanks based in India Supply chain management Food processing industry in India Logistics in India