Naticidae,

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...

moon snails or necklace shells, is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of medium to large-sized

predatory Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s in the

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

Littorinimorpha Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails ( marine species), but also including some freshwater snails ( limnic species) and land snails ( terrestrial species).Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Fr� ...

. The shells of the species in this family are mostly globular in shape. Naticidae is the only family in the superfamily Naticoidea. It has been estimated that worldwide there are about 260–270

recent The Holocene () is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Qu ...

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

of naticid snails. This group is assumed to have originated in the late

Triassic The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...

or in the early

Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 143.1 Mya. ...

. Members of this family can be recognized by the shape of their shells, distinct appearance, or by their predatory behaviour.

Distribution

Naticids are widely distributed and occur worldwide and are considered to be a delicate part of the web of nature amongst many others. The greatest

diversity Diversity, diversify, or diverse may refer to: Business *Diversity (business), the inclusion of people of different identities (ethnicity, gender, age) in the workforce *Diversity marketing, marketing communication targeting diverse customers * ...

of both species and genera is found in tropical regions. Even so, naticid snails are also plentiful in temperate,

Arctic The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( ...

and

Antarctic The Antarctic (, ; commonly ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the South Pole, lying within the Antarctic Circle. It is antipodes, diametrically opposite of the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antar ...

waters.

Habitat

Moon snails live on sandy substrates, at a great variety of depths depending on the species (from the

intertidal zone The intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; in other words, it is the part of the littoral zone within the tidal range. This area can include several types of habitats with various ...

to thousands of meters in depth). They are often seen ploughing along in the sand, searching for bivalves and other prey, resulting in countersunk bore-holes. Divaricella quadrisulcata showing Naticid predation holes

Divaricella quadrisulcata showing Naticid predation holes

Life habits

Naticarius millepunctatus Pliocene Cyprus

Naticids are predatory, feeding mostly on

bivalve Bivalvia () or bivalves, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class (biology), class of aquatic animal, aquatic molluscs (marine and freshwater) that have laterally compressed soft bodies enclosed b ...

s. They will also attack almost any other shelled mollusk they encounter in the sand, such as

scaphopod Scaphopoda (plural scaphopods , from Ancient Greek σκᾰ́φης ''skáphē'' "boat" and πούς ''poús'' "foot"), whose members are also known as tusk shells or tooth shells, are a class (biology), class of shelled Marine life, marine inve ...

s and other

s, including other moon snails. Additionally, ''

Conuber sordidum ''Conuber sordidum'' (originally described as ''Natica sordida'' by Swainson) is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk family Naticidae, the moon snails.Swainson, W. (1820-1821) Zoological Illustrations, or original figur ...

'' was shown to prey on the soldier crab ''

Mictyris longicarpus ''Mictyris longicarpus'', the light-blue soldier crab, is a species of crab that lives on sandy beaches from the Bay of Bengal to Australia; with other members of the genus '' Mictyris'', it is "one of the most loved crabs in Australia". Adults ...

'' (

Crustacea Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...

) by drilling predation.Huelsken, T. (2011) First evidence of drilling predation by Conuber sordidus (Swainson, 1821) (Gastropoda: Naticidae) on soldier crabs (Crustacea: Mictyridae). Molluscan Research, 31(2), 125-131

/ref> To catch soldier crabs, ''C. sordidum'' uses the same behaviour as when hunting shelled molluscan prey. The moon snail envelops the prey and then bores a hole through the shell using its

radula The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters ...

and an

acid An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. Hydron, hydrogen cation, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis ...

secretion. Once the shell is bored open, the

proboscis A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular arthropod mouthparts, mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a pr ...

is used to consume the flesh of the prey. The hole in the shell, which has a " countersunk" appearance with

chamfer A chamfer ( ) is a transitional edge between two faces of an object. Sometimes defined as a form of bevel, it is often created at a 45° angle between two adjoining right-angled faces. Chamfers are frequently used in machining, carpentry, fur ...

ed edges, and which varies in size according to the species, is a characteristic sign of moon snail predation. In the breeding season, the female moon snail lays a rather stiff egg mass which includes sand and mucus. These objects wash up on sandy beaches fairly often, and are known by the

sand collar Sand collars are the characteristic egg masses of one family of sea snails, the moon snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Naticidae. These egg masses are often found washed up either whole, or sometime ...

s" because of their resemblance to an old-fashioned removable shirt collar or false-collar.

Human interactions

Korean cuisine Korean cuisine is the set of foods and culinary styles which are associated with Korean culture. This cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient Prehistoric Korea, agricultural and nomad ...

, moon snails are called ''golbaengi'' () and eaten as ''

golbaengi-muchim ''Golbaengi-muchim'' () or moon snail salad is a type of ''muchim'' (salad) made by mixing moon snails with vegetables. * In South Korea, it is an '' anju'' (food served and eaten with alcoholic drinks) typically made with red, spicy sauce and ...

'' (moon snail salad). * Moon snail shells are attractive and relatively large, and often popular in jewellery and ornamentation.

Taxonomy

Traditional classification

Some authors have suggested a distinct separation of the Naticidae into four

subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zool ...

Ampullospirinae Ampullinidae are a mostly extinct Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Caenogastropoda.Bouchet, P. (2013). Ampullinidae. Accessed through: World Register of M ...

Naticinae The Naticinae are a subfamily of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Naticinae Guilding, 1834. Accessed through: World Register ...

, Polinicinae and Sininae. This arrangement is mainly based on morphological data, such as details of the operculum including the material (

calcareous Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime (mineral), lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of Science, scientific disciplines. In zoology ''Calcare ...

in the Naticinae,

corneous Corneous is a biological and medical term meaning horny, in other words made out of a substance similar to that of horns and hooves in some mammals. The word is generally used to describe natural or pathological anatomical structures made o ...

in the Polinicinae and Sininae) and size, and also the morphology of the shell.Marincovich L.N. 1977. ''

Cenozoic The Cenozoic Era ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterized by the dominance of mammals, insects, birds and angiosperms (flowering plants). It is the latest of three g ...

Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Northeastern Pacific''.

Bulletins of American Paleontology ''Bulletins of American Paleontology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Paleontological Research Institution and issued biannually that features monographs and dissertations in the field of paleontology and other related subj ...

, 70, 169-212.

2005 taxonomy

The following four

were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): *

Guilding, 1834 - synonyms: Neveritinae Gray, 1857; Choristidae Verrill, 1882; Euspiridae Cossmann, 1907; Mammillinae Iredale & McMichael, 1962; Eunaticinini Oyama, 1469 * Sininae Woodring, 1928 - synonyms: Sigaretidae Gary, 1827; Cryptostomidae Gray, 1827 * Globisininae Powell, 1933 * Polinicinae Gray, 1847

Genera

Genera in the family Naticidae include: ;Unassigned to a subfamily: * † '' Amauropsina'' Chelot, 1885 * † ''Amauropsona'' H. J. Finlay & Marwick, 1937 * † ''Austrocochlis'' H. J. Finlay & Marwick, 1937 * ''Benthobulbus'' J. H. McLean, 1995 * † ''Carinacca'' Marwick, 1924 * † ''Cepatia'' J. E. Gray, 1842 * † '' Darwinices'' Griffin & Pastorino, 2013 * '' Laguncula'' W. H. Benson, 1842 * † '' Magnatica'' Marwick, 1924 * † ''Maxwellinatica'' Beu & B. A. Marshall, 2011 * † '' Nanggulania'' K. Martin, 1914 * † '' Pliconacca'' K. Martin, 1914 * † '' Polinella'' Marwick, 1931 ;Subfamily Naticidae incertae sedis (temporary name) * '' Haliotinella'' Souverbie, 1875 * ''

Microlinices ''Microlinices'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily nassignedNaticidae of the family (biology), family Naticidae, the moon snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Microlinices ...

'' Simone, 2014 ;subfamily

* ''

Cochlis ''Cochlis'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Naticinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Cochlis Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Mari ...

'' Röding, 1798 * ''

Cryptonatica ''Cryptonatica'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Naticidae, the moon snails. Species Species within the genus ''Cryptonatica'' include: * ''Cryptonatica adamsiana'' ( ...

'' Dall, 1892 * '' Glyphepithema'' Rehder, 1943 * ''Lunaia'' Berry, 1964: synonym of ''Natica'' Scopoli, 1777 * ''

Natica ''Natica'' is a genus of small to medium-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropods in the subfamily Naticinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails. The genus was erected by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1777.Gofas, S. (2011). Natica Scopol ...

Scopoli Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (sometimes Latinized as Johannes Antonius Scopolius) (3 June 1723 – 8 May 1788) was an Italian physician and naturalist. His biographer Otto Guglia named him the "first anational European" and the "Linnaeus of the Au ...

, 1777 * ''

Naticarius ''Naticarius'' is a genus (or subgenus) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods in the subfamily Naticinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Bouchet, P. (2011). Naticarius Duméril, 1805. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spe ...

'' Duméril, 1806Huelsken, T., Wägele, H., Peters, B., Mather, A., Hollmann, M. (2011) Molecular analysis of adults and egg masses reveals two independent lineages within the infaunal gastropod ''Naticarius onca'' (Röding, 1798) (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae). Molluscan Research, 31(3), 141-151
PDF
/ref> * ''

Notocochlis ''Notocochlis'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Naticinae of the family (biology), family Naticidae, the moon snails. This genus is known in the fossil record from the Oligocene epoc ...

'' Powell, 1933 * ''

Paratectonatica ''Paratectonatica'' is a genus of small to medium-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropods in the subfamily Naticinae of the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium ...

'' Azuma, 1961 * '' Proxiuber'' Powell, 1933 * ''

Stigmaulax ''Stigmaulax'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Naticinae of the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized pred ...

'' Mörch, 1852 * ''

Tanea ''Tanea'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Naticinae ( of the family Naticidae, the moon snails or necklace shells.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tanea Marwick, 1931. Accessed through: World Register ...

'' Marwick, 1931 * † '' Taniella'' Finlay & Marwick, 1937 * ''

Tasmatica ''Tasmatica'', common name necklace shells, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized predatory ...

'' Finlay & Marwick, 1937 * ''

Tectonatica ''Tectonatica'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Naticinae of the family (biology), family Naticidae, the moon snails.WoRMS (2011). Tectonatica Sacco, 1890. Accessed through: World Register of M ...

'' Sacco, 1890 ;subfamily Globisininae * '' Falsilunatia'' Powell, 1951 * '' Globisinum'' Marwick, 1924 ;subfamily Polinicinae Gray, 1847 * ''

Amauropsis ''Amauropsis'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Species Species within the genus ''Amauropsis'' include: * '' Amauropsis anderssoni'' (Strebel, 1906) * '' Amauropsis apora'' ...

'' Mörch, 1857 * '' Bulbus'' Brown, 1839 * '' Conuber'' Finlay & Marwick, 1937 * ''

Euspira ''Euspira'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Gofas, S. (2011). Euspira Agassiz, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at h ...

'' Agassiz in Sowerby, 1838 * ''

Friginatica ''Friginatica'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Naticidae, the moon shells. Species Species within the genus ''Friginatica'' include: * ''Friginatica aldingensis'' (Tate 1893) * ''Friginatica amphiala'' (Watso ...

'' Hedley, 1916 * ''

Glossaulax ''Glossaulax'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Glossaulax Pilsbry, 1929. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/a ...

'' Pilsbry, 1929 * '' Hypterita'' Woodring, 1957 * '' Kerguelenatica'' Powell, 1951 * '' Mammilla'' Schumacher, 1817 * '' Neverita'' Risso, 1826: its subgenus or synonym includes ''

'' Pilsbry, 1929Majima, R. 1989. Cenozoic fossil Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Japan. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 96 (331), 1-159.Huelsken T. et al. 2006
''Neverita delessertiana (Recluz in Chenu, 1843): a naticid species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) distinct from Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) based on molecular data, morphological characters, and geographical distribution''

Zootaxa ''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week ...

, 1257:1-25. * '' Polinices'' Montfort, 1810Huelsken, T., Tapken, D., Dahlmann, T., Wägele, H., Riginos, C., Hollmann, M. (2012). Systematics and phylogenetic species delimitation within Polinices s.l. (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae) based on molecular data and shell morphology. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. doi:10.1007/s13127-012-0111-5. * '' Pseudopolinices'' Golikov & Sirenko, 1983 * '' Sinuber'' Powell, 1951 * † '' Tahunacca'' P. A. Maxwell, 1992 * '' Uberella''

Finlay Finlay is a masculine given name, and also a surname. The given name is represented in Scottish Gaelic as Fionnlagh. Given name Finlay *Finlay Calder, Scottish rugby player * Finlay Christie (comedian), British comedian * Finlay Christie, Scottis ...

, 1928 ;Subfamily Sininae Woodring, 1928 * '' Calinaticina'' J. Q. Burch & Campbell, 1963 * ''

Eunaticina ''Eunaticina'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sininae of the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized pred ...

'' Fischer, 1885 * '' Gennaeosinum'' Iredale, 1929 * '' Payraudeautia'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, treated by some as synonym of ''

'') * † '' Sigaretotrema'' Sacco, 1890 * ''

Sigatica ''Sigatica'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine (oce ...

'' O. Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 * ''

Sinum ''Sinum'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Sininae of the family (biology), family Naticidae, the moon snails. Most naticids have shells that are globular, but the shell of species i ...

'' Röding, 1798 subfamily ? * † '' Gyrodes''

Conrad Conrad may refer to: People * Conrad (name) * Saint Conrad (disambiguation) Places United States * Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Iowa, a city * Conrad, Montana, a city * Conrad Glacier, Washington Elsewher ...

, 1860: belongs to the family † Gyrodidae Conrad, 1860 * '' Spironema'' Meek, 1864Siemers C. T. & King N. R. (1974). "Macroinvertebrate paleoecology of a transgressive marine sandstone, Cliff House Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous), Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico
PDF
- notin

WoRMS The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ...

Synonyms

* ''Acrybia'' Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Bulbus'' T. Brown, 1839 * ''Albula'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Polinices'' Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: junior homonym of ''Albula'' Osbeck, 1762 isces * ''Aloconatica'' Shikama, 1971: synonym of ''Stigmaulax'' Mörch, 1852 * ''Boreonatica'' A. N. Golikov & Kussakin, 1974: synonym of ''

'' Dall, 1892 (junior objective synonym of ''Cryptonatica'') * ''Catinus'' Oken, 1835: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cryptostoma'': synonym of ''Cryptostomus'' Blainville, 1818: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Cryptostomus)* ''Choristes'' P. P. Carpenter, 1872: synonym of ''

'' Mörch, 1857 * ''Cryptostomus'' Blainville, 1818: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Ectosinum'' Iredale, 1931: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Eucaryum'' Ehrenberg, 1831: synonym of '' Polinices'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Eunatica'' Melvill, 1899: synonym of ''Natica (Eunatica)'' Melvill, 1899: synonym of ''

'' Scopoli, 1777 (unaccepted rank) * † ''Labellinacca'' Cossmann, 1919: synonym of ''

'' Agassiz, 1837 * ''Lunaia'' S. S. Berry, 1964: synonym of ''

'' Scopoli, 1777 * ''Lunatia'' Gray, 1847: synonym of ''

'' Agassiz, 1837 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Heliconatica'' Dall, 1924: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1885 * ''Mamilla'': synonym of '' Mammilla'' Schumacher, 1817 (incorrect spelling of generic name) * ''Mamillaria'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of '' Polinices'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Mamma'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Polinices'' Montfort, 1810 (junior synonym) * ''Mammillaria'' Herrmannsen, 1847: synonym of ''Mamillaria'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''Polinices'' Montfort, 1810 (Unjustified emendation) * ''Nacca'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''

'' Scopoli, 1777 * ''Naticarinus'' ic synonym of ''

'' Duméril, 1805 (misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling) * ''Naticella'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''Polinices'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Naticina'' Guilding, 1834: synonym of '' Polinices'' Montfort, 1810 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Naticina'' J. E. Gray, 1847: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1885 (junior homonym, Invalid: junior homonym of Naticina Guilding, 1834; Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885 is a replacement name) * ''Naticus'' Montfort, 1810: synonym of ''

'' Duméril, 1805 * ''Pervisinum'' Iredale, 1931: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1885 * ''Polynices'' Herrmannsen, 1847: synonym of '' Polinices'' Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Polinices) * ''Pristinacca'' H. J. Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of † '' Taniella'' H. J. Finlay & Marwick, 1937 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Propesinum'' Iredale, 1924: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1885 * ''Quantonatica'' Iredale, 1936: synonym of ''

'' Duméril, 1805 * ''Ruma'' Gray, 1847: synonym of ''Mammilla'' Schumacher, 1817 * ''Sigaretus'' Lamarck, 1799: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym) * † ''Sulconacca'' Marwick, 1924: synonym of ''

'' Hedley, 1916 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Uber'' R. A. Philippi, 1853: synonym of '' Polinices'' Montfort, 1810

Gallery

Image:Mammilla melanostoma (1).JPG, ''

Mammilla melanostoma ''Mammilla melanostoma'' is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snail ...

'' Image:Euspira lewisii 3.jpg, ''

Neverita lewisii ''Neverita lewisii'' (previously known as ''Polinices lewisii'', ''Lunatia lewisii'', ''Euspira lewisii''), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, ...

'' Image:Tanea undulata (Moon Snail).jpg, ''

Tanea undulata ''Tanea undulata'', common name the necklace shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a predatory marine gastropod mollusc in the Family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of m ...

'' Image:Tectonatica violacea.JPG, ''

Tectonatica violacea ''Tectonatica violacea'', is a common name the violet moon snail, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 25&nb ...

'' Image:Eunaticina nitida 003.jpg, '' Eunaticina nitida'' Image:Euspira nitida-Nl.jpg, ''

Euspira nitida ''Euspira nitida'', the common necklace shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Euspira nitida (Donovan, 1804). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed throug ...

'' Image:Mammilla sebae 01.JPG, '' Mammilla sebae'' Image:Natica hebraea 01.JPG, '' Natica hebraea'' Image:Naticarius onca 01.JPG, '' Naticarius onca'' Image:Neverita josephinia 01.JPG, '' Neverita josephinia'' Image:Notocochlis tigrina 02.JPG, ''

Notocochlis tigrina ''Paratectonatica tigrina'', common name tiger moon snail, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Paratectonatica tigrina (Röding, 1798). ...

'' Image:Polinices tumidus 01.JPG, '' Polinices mammilla'' Image:Sinum cymba 01.JPG, ''

Sinum cymba ''Sinum cymba'', common name the concave ear moon snail, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. It was classified by the German malacologist Karl Theodor Menke in 1828 with th ...

'' Image:Tasmatica schoutanica 001.jpg, ''

Tasmatica schoutanica ''Tasmatica'', common name necklace shells, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Naticidae Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family (biology), family of medium to large-sized predatory ...

References

External links

CLEMAM - Taxonomic Database on European Marine Mollusca
of the

Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle The French National Museum of Natural History ( ; abbr. MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries, is located in Paris, France, within the Ja ...

and the Department of Systematics & Evolution,

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

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The Naticidae of Giglio Island
at Morphobank - Homology of phenotypes over the web
Malacolog 4.1.0
- A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca *
Naturamediterraneo
- Mediterranean fauna and flora
Publications and sequences
of the Naticidae submitted to the

NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is loca ...

Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
{{Authority control Articles containing video clips Gastropod families