Nancy Hogshead-Makar
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Nancy Lynn Hogshead-Makar ( Hogshead, born April 17, 1962) is an American swimmer who represented the United States at the
1984 Summer Olympics The 1984 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXIII Olympiad and commonly known as Los Angeles 1984) were an international multi-sport event held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles, California, United States. It marked the ...
, where she won three gold medals and one silver medal. She is currently the CEO of Champion Women, an organization leading targeted efforts to advocate for equality and accountability in sports. Her areas of focus include establishing nationwide equal play, such as traditional
Title IX Title IX is a landmark federal civil rights law in the United States that was enacted as part (Title IX) of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receiv ...
compliance in athletic departments, protecting athletes from
sexual harassment Sexual harassment is a type of harassment based on the sex or gender of a victim. It can involve offensive sexist or sexual behavior, verbal or physical actions, up to bribery, coercion, and assault. Harassment may be explicit or implicit, wit ...
, abuse and assault, as well as combatting employment, pregnancy, and LGBT discrimination. In 2012, she began working on legislative changes to ensure that club and
Olympic sports Olympic sports are sports that are contested in the Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games. The 2024 Summer Olympics included 32 sports; the 2022 Winter Olympics included seven sports. Each Olympic sport is represented at the Internation ...
athletes were protected from
sexual abuse Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is re ...
. In 2018, the Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017, which she co-wrote, was enacted.


Swimming

Hogshead's family is from Iowa. She was born in
Iowa City, Iowa Iowa City is the largest city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. At the time of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census the population was 74,828, making it the state's List of cities in Iowa, fifth-most populous c ...
, but her family moved to Florida shortly afterwards. When she was 11 years old, her family moved to
Jacksonville, Florida Jacksonville ( ) is the most populous city proper in the U.S. state of Florida, located on the Atlantic coast of North Florida, northeastern Florida. It is the county seat of Duval County, Florida, Duval County, with which the City of Jacksonv ...
, where she met coach Randy Reese and was exposed to team-oriented coaching towards nationals. By age 12 she had qualified for the U.S. Senior Nationals and held the national age-group record in the 200 individual medley. Her first American record was in the 100 yard
butterfly Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...
in 1977. Hogshead left home to train for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with the
University of Florida The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public university, public land-grant university, land-grant research university in Gainesville, Florida, United States. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida and a preem ...
swim team, or FAST, while still in high school. She qualified for the Olympics in the 200 meter butterfly and the 400 meter individual medley, but did not participate due to the multi-national boycott.
Duke University Duke University is a Private university, private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity, North Carolina, Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1 ...
offered Hogshead its first swimming scholarship. There, she was undefeated in dual meets and set a school record in eight different events; one of which stood until 2011. She was a four-time ACC champion and two-time
All-America The All-America designation is an annual honor bestowed on outstanding athletes in the United States who are considered to be among the best athletes in their respective sport. Individuals receiving this distinction are typically added to an Al ...
n. She was the first woman to be inducted into the Duke Athletics Hall of Fame. In 1981, Duke University red-shirted Hogshead after she was raped while running between campuses and suffered from
post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that develops from experiencing a Psychological trauma, traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster ...
for several months. In the fall of 1982, her coach persuaded her to return to the pool by offering her a scholarship and a position on the team if she merely showed up at the competitions. In January 1983, Hogshead left Duke to train full-time for the 1984 Olympics in California. This time she switched from butterfly to freestyle. She won additional national titles on her way to qualifying for the 1984 US swimming team.


Olympics

At the
1984 Summer Olympics The 1984 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXIII Olympiad and commonly known as Los Angeles 1984) were an international multi-sport event held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles, California, United States. It marked the ...
in Los Angeles, she won three gold medals and one silver medal, becoming the most decorated swimmer at the Games. She competed in the first event of the Games, the women's 100m freestyle, where she won in a tie-finish, with American teammate Carrie Steinseifer. They were both awarded gold medals. Hogshead also won golds in the 4 × 100 m freestyle and the 4 × 100 m medley teams, and a silver medal in the 200m individual medley. Her international career had started in 1977 at the age of 14, when she set her first American record. That year, she was the only American swimmer to be ranked number one in the world in an international event.


Professional career

Hogshead returned to Duke University to finish her undergraduate degree in 1984. During the summer of 1985, Hogshead interned at the
Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is a 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee ...
, at the urging of
Donna de Varona Donna de Varona Pinto (née Donna Elizabeth de Varona; born April 26, 1947) is an American former swimmer, Olympic champion, activist, and television sportscaster. Biography Swimming career de Varona attended Santa Clara High School, whose sw ...
. The organization had a strong influence on her career direction and she has worked with the organization for thirty years. She served on the board of trustees from 1987 to 1993 and as its president from 1993 to 1994. She was their Legal Adviser from 2003 to 2010, and was their Senior Director of Advocacy from 2010 to 2014. In 2014, Hogshead-Makar founded Champion Women.


Legal career

Hogshead is a high-profile advocate of gender equity in sports and a specialist on
Title IX Title IX is a landmark federal civil rights law in the United States that was enacted as part (Title IX) of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receiv ...
of the
Education Amendments of 1972 The Education Amendments of 1972, also sometimes known as the Higher Education Amendments of 1972 (Public No. 92‑318, 86 Stat. 235), were amendments to the Higher Education Act of 1965 and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act that were ...
. After receiving her J.D. degree from
Georgetown University Law Center Georgetown University Law Center is the Law school in the United States, law school of Georgetown University, a Private university, private research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law ...
, Hogshead returned to Jacksonville for private practice at
Holland & Knight Holland & Knight LLP is a multinational law firm with approximately 2,200 attorneys and professional staff worldwide. Headquartered in Tampa, Florida, the firm has a number of different practices areas, including litigation, corporate law, real ...
, LLP. She represented student-athletes and universities in Title IX matters. From 2001 – 2013, Hogshead-Makar was a tenured professor on the faculty at Florida Coastal School of Law (FCSL) in Jacksonville, where she taught first-year torts and sports law courses, including "Gender Equity in Athletics". From 2004 – 2012 she was the co-chair of the
American Bar Association The American Bar Association (ABA) is a voluntary association, voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students in the United States; national in scope, it is not specific to any single jurisdiction. Founded in 1878, the ABA's stated acti ...
(ABA) Committee on the Rights of Women. From 2009 – 2013 she was a board member on The Forum for the Scholarly Study of Intercollegiate Athletics in Higher Education, and served on the editorial board of the ''Journal of Intercollegiate Sport''. Since 2011, she has served as a board member on the
Aspen Institute The Aspen Institute is an international nonprofit organization founded in 1949 as the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., but also has a campus in Aspen, Colorado, its original home. Its stated miss ...
, "Sport and Society". She was an advisory board member of th
Association of Title IX Administrators
from 2011 – 2017. From 2007 – 2010, she served on the Florida Governor's Council on Physical Fitness. The council provided Governor
Charlie Crist Charles Joseph Crist Jr. ( ; born July 24, 1956) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th List of governors of Florida, governor of Florida from 2007 to 2011 and as the United States House of Representatives, U.S. represen ...
with a state plan of action to promote physical fitness and nutrition, particularly among children. She was an evaluator for missed drug tests by the
United States Anti-Doping Agency The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA, ) is a non-profit, non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization and the national anti-doping organization (NADO) for the United States. To protect clean competition and the integrity of sport and prevent ...
from 2003 to 2014. She was a founding member of FCSL's Sports Law Center, offering students a certificate in Sports Law program, from 2004 – 2013. Hogshead-Makar has testified in Congress numerous times and has served on two Presidential committees on gender in sports. In 2007, she co-edited the book ''Equal Play; Title IX and Social Change'' with economist Andrew Zimbalist. She has written numerous scholarly and lay articles. She is widely quoted and interviewed on topics related to gender equity, including participation, treatment, scholarships, sexual harassment and assault, preventing trans women from participating in women's sports, and pregnancy discrimination.


Personal life

Hogshead married
Scott Makar Scott Douglas Makar (born October 15, 1959) is an American lawyer, college professor and Judge on Florida's Fifth District Court of Appeal, recommissioned from the First District Court of Appeal on January 1, 2023 by Governor Ron DeSantis. Previo ...
, a fellow lawyer at Holland & Knight, on October 10, 1999. Her husband served as
Florida Solicitor General The solicitor general of Florida or Florida solicitor general is the top appellate (appeals) solicitor (lawyer) for the U.S. State of Florida. It is an appointed position in the Office of the Florida Attorney General and the individual serves at t ...
upon his appointment by Florida Attorney General
Bill McCollum Ira William McCollum Jr. (born July 12, 1944) is an American lawyer and Republican Party politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 2001, representing Florida's 5th congressional district, which was ...
in February 2007.
Florida Attorney General, Solicitor General profile
He is currently a state appellate judge, a member of the
Florida First District Court of Appeal The Florida First District Court of Appeal, also known as the First DCA, is headquartered in Tallahassee, Florida, the state capital. It is unique among the six Florida District Courts of Appeal in that, much like the United States Court of Appeal ...
. They have a son, Aaron, and twin daughters, Helen Clare and Millicent.


Views on transgender athletes

As a member of the Women's Sports Policy Working Group, Hogshead has spoken out against transgender athletes competing in women's sports. During testimony before the South Carolina legislature, Hogshead said "if rans womendon't want to go on hormones and they do want to participate as part of girls' and women's sports, surely there are accommodations that we can all agree on that would welcome them into the space but not take the opportunity away from isgendergirls and
omen An omen (also called ''portent'') is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change. It was commonly believed in ancient history, and still believed by some today, that omens bring divine messages ...
" After the transgender swimmer Lia Thomas gained national attention, Hogshead petitioned lawmakers to reject "blanket transgender inclusion or exclusion" in sports and "prioritize fairness for biological women in sport." She further stated, "If Lia's in a competition, that means a woman is not. If Lia wins, that means a woman does not. If Lia goes to the NCAAs, that means a woman does not go to the NCAAs."


Asthma

During the 1984 Olympics, she missed winning a fifth medal by 7/100th of a second, when she suffered a bronchial spasm that led to a diagnosis of
asthma Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. Symptoms include episodes of wh ...
. After the initial disbelief, she accepted her condition and learned to monitor and control it.Faces of Asthma-Nancy Hogshead
National Institute of Health. Retrieved December 10, 2009. From 1984 to 1996, Hogshead-Makar lectured around the world about asthma management.
GlaxoSmithKline GSK plc (an acronym from its former name GlaxoSmithKline plc) is a British Multinational corporation, multinational Pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with headquarters in London. It was established in 2000 by a Mergers an ...
sponsored her as she spoke to over 100 groups each year across the US and internationally. Hogshead earned the title of National Spokesperson for the
American Lung Association The American Lung Association is a voluntary health organization whose mission is to save lives by improving lung health and preventing lung disease through education, advocacy and research. History 1904–1918: Founding The organization was ...
. Hogshead authored the 1990 book, ''Asthma and Exercise'', the first comprehensive book on the topic of asthma and sports. The book tells inspirational stories of athletes who learned to manage their condition.


Awards and honors

*1977 AAU Nathan Mallison award as Florida's outstanding amateur athlete *1984 Come-Back Swimmer of the Year Award from USA Swimming *1984 Kiphuth Award (given to the best all-around swimmer nationally) *1993 National Association for Sports and Physical Education Hall of Fame *1994 International Swimming Hall of Fame *1994 Duke University Sports Hall of Fame *1995 Florida Sports Hall of Fame *1988 Jacksonville Sports Hall of Fame *2002 Honorary Doctorate, Springfield College *2000 Ranked as Florida's 13th greatest athlete of the 20th Century by Sports Illustrated *2001 International Scholar-Athlete Hall of Fame *2002 Honorary Doctorate from Springfield College *2003 Yolanda Jackson Give Back Award from the Women's Sports Foundation *2003 Community Woman of the Year Award from Jacksonville University *2004 International Women's Sports Hall of Fame *2007 Florida High School Athletic Hall of Fame *2007 Honor Award from National Association of Collegiate Women Athletics Administrators *2007 Named as one of the most influential people in the 35-year history of Title IX by Sports Illustrated *2007 Featured, "100 Trailblazers; Great Women Athletes Who Opened Doors for Future Generations" by Richard Lapchick. *2007 Honor Award Winner, National Association of Collegiate Women Athletics Administrators, (now
Women Leaders In College Sports
*2008 Academic All-America Hall of Fame from College Sports Information Director's of America (CoSIDA) *2011 Inductee, National Consortium for Academics and Sports *2011 "Courage Award" National Organization for Women *2012 ESPN Named one of "40 Women Who Will Change Way Sports are Played." *2012 ESPNW and Women in Cable Telecommunications named one of "Women who have made a significant impact on society after playing high school or college sports. *2012 "Advocate's Award" from the Alliance of Women Coaches *2014 International Olympic Committee, Women and Sport Award for the Americas, Monaco *2014 Babe Didrikson Zaharias Award *2014 Lifetime Achievement Award, Women in Business *2015 Shape America, Guiding Women in Sports Award *2015
Pi Beta Phi Pi Beta Phi (), often known simply as Pi Phi, is an international Fraternities and sororities in North America, women's fraternity founded at Monmouth College, in Monmouth, Illinois on April 28, 1867, as I. C. Sorosis, the first national secret c ...
, International Sorority, Distinguished Alumni *2016 Inductee, Episcopal School of Jacksonville Hall of Honor *2017 Florida Trend Magazine, Listed in ''Women in Leadership'' *2018 The Carlile Cup for Lifetime Achievement *2021 Miriam M. Better '72 Stoneman Award


See also

*
List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame The International Swimming Hall of Fame is a history museum and hall of fame, serving as the central point for the study of the history of swimming in the United States and around the world. List of the members of the International Swimming Hall ...
* List of Duke University people *
List of multiple Olympic gold medalists This article lists the individuals who have won at least four gold medals at the Olympic Games or at least three gold medals in individual events. List of most Olympic gold medals over career This is a partial list of multiple Olympic gold medali ...
*
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women) This is the complete list of women's Olympic medalists in swimming. Women's events 50 metre freestyle 100 metre freestyle 200 metre freestyle 400 metre freestyle 800 metre freestyle 1500 metre freestyle 100 metre backstroke 200 ...
*
List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (women) This is the complete list of women's World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming from 1973 to 2024. Medalists Bold numbers in brackets denotes record number of victories in corresponding disciplines. 50 metre freestyle *Medals: 100 ...


References


External links

* * * *
Nancy Hogshead-Makar – Faculty profile at Florida Coastal School of Law


* ttp://www.jacksonville.com/special/athletes_of_century/stories/3.shtml Jacksonville.com Top 100 Athletes of the Century {{DEFAULTSORT:Hogshead, Nancy 1962 births Living people American female butterfly swimmers American female freestyle swimmers American female medley swimmers American women lawyers Duke Blue Devils women's swimmers Florida lawyers Georgetown University Law Center alumni Holland & Knight people Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming Olympic silver medalists for the United States in swimming Sportspeople from Iowa City, Iowa Sportspeople from Jacksonville, Florida Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics Women's Sports Foundation executives World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming 20th-century American sportswomen