Nahuel Huapi

Nahuel Huapi Lake () is an Andean lake in the lake region of northern Patagonia between the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, in Argentina. The lake has a northwest-southeast elongated shape and complex geography with several branches, peninsulas and islands. The city of Bariloche is on the southern shore of the lake and the town of Villa La Angostura lies on its northwestern shores. The lake is wholly inside Nahuel Huapi National Park. It is one of the largest lakes in northern Patagonia. It is drained by Limay River and it is part of the watershed of Negro River which discharges into the South Atlantic.

Additionally, the northwest shore of the lake is the site of an isolated house sometimes alleged to have been occupied by Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler following his purported escape from Berlin in April 1945.

Etymology

The name of the lake derives from the toponym of its major island in Mapudungun (Mapuche language): "Island of Puma", from ''nahuel'', 'puma', and ''huapí'', 'island'. There is, however, more to the word "Nahuel"—it can also signify 'a man who by sorcery has been transformed to a puma'.

Geography

Nahuel Huapi lake, located within the Nahuel Huapi National Park, has a surface of , rests above the sea level, and has a maximum measured depth (as of 2007) of .

Its seven branches are named ''Blest'' (), ''Huemul'' (), ''de la Tristeza'' (), ''Campanario'' (), ''Machete'', ''del Rincón'' and ''Última Esperanza''. It is connected to other smaller lakes such as '' Gutiérrez'', ''Moreno'', '' Espejo'' and ''Correntoso''. The deep-blue waters hold a number of islands, most notably with an area of , and ''Isla Huemul'' on the south end of the lake.

The lake's crystal clear waters are very susceptible to climate changes and have an average surface temperature of ; this makes it both beautiful and treacherous. Hypothermia is one of the risks bathers must undertake. Kayaking is a popular sport on this and adjacent lakes.
The lake is also the starting point of the Limay River.

Limnology and geology

The lake depression consists of several glacial valleys carved out along faults and Miocene valleys that were later dammed by moraines. During the Last Glacial Maximum of the Llanquihue glaciation the lake basin was wholly occupied by a glacier.

The lake has usually a blue colour but on occasion its water have turned turquoise or green after earthquakes in southern Chile such as the one on May 22, 1960 and the one on January 2, 2011.

The June 2011 eruption of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex, in neighboring Chile, caused parts of the lake's surface to be blanketed in volcanic ash.

The dominant species of plankton in the winter half-year in the lake is '' Dictyosphaerium pulchellum''. The remainder of the year ''Bacillariophyceae'' and ''Chrysophyceae'' algae dominate.

Fauna

This lake harbors several introduced, non-native species of trout, including rainbow trout, brown trout and brook trout which attract anglers from the world over.

A curious fact about the lake is that, despite being nowhere near any ocean and being at high altitude, it is also home for kelp gull and the blue eyed cormorant (Phalacrocorax atriceps), otherwise strictly marine birds.

Culture

''Nahuelito''

At the beginning of the 20th century, and following an old aboriginal legend, the rumor of a giant creature living in the deep waters of the lake took up. The ''creature'' is known locally as ''Nahuelito''. Reported sightings of it predate Nessie and Arthur Conan Doyle's '' The Lost World'' (1912).

Local Mapuche called another creature ''el Cuero'' (leather) for its smooth skin. The neighboring lake Lago Lácar, has also been the site for accounts of another creature, more consistent with a plesiosaur, with aborigines describing it as a ''sea-cow'' with ''teeth'' all around it.

Members of the Buenos Aires Zoo visited the lake in 1922 trying to corroborate the reports of sightings of the prehistoric animal, but found no evidence to support the theory of such a creature.

Hitler conspiracy theory

Some works, such as the ''National Police Gazette'' (circa 1950–1970), an American tabloid-style magazine, as well as a 2004 book by Abel Basti and the 2011 book ''Grey Wolf'' claim that Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun did not commit suicide but escaped to Argentina along with other Nazis and lived in the surroundings of Bariloche for many years after World War II. Hitler and Braun allegedly resided at the Inalco House, located at the northwest end of the lake, in part due to the estate's remoteness and lack of accessibility.

The son of real-estate businessman Primo Capraro sold the property to architect Alejandro Bustillo, who designed the house in early 1943. The plan includes unusual design features such as bedrooms connected by bathrooms (and closets), similar to Hitler's Berghof residence in Bavaria. Bustillo sold the estate to Enrique García Merou, a Buenos Aires lawyer linked to several German businesses; Merou is alleged to have assisted the Nazi ratlines. The residence was later sold to businessman Jorge Antonio, the representative of German automaker Mercedes-Benz in Argentina and a close associate of Argentine president Juan Perón. In 1970, the house was sold to José Rafael Trozzo, who also bought properties owned by escaped ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) officer Reinhard Kopps, who—along with Capraro—had ties to SS commander Erich Priebke. The Trozzo family put the house up for sale in 2011 (the year ''Grey Wolf'' was released).

According to the fringe theory, a number of U-boats ferried certain high level Nazis including Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun and a large amount Nazi loot to Argentina, where the Nazis were given refuge by Perón, who, with his wife Evita, had been receiving money from the Nazis for some time. Hitler allegedly arrived in Argentina, first staying at Hacienda San Ramón, a large ranch east of San Carlos de Bariloche. Hitler then moved to a Bavarian-style mansion at Inalco where he remained until Peron was overthrown in a military coup in 1955 when he fled to an even more remote chalet to avoid detection when the new government in Buenos Aires began looking for Nazi war criminals alleged to be hiding in Argentina. Purportedly, Eva Braun left Hitler around 1954 and moved to Neuquén with their daughter, Ursula ('Uschi'), and Hitler died in February 1962.

Citing a former Nazi presence in Bariloche, the investigative series ''Hunting Hitler'' (2015–2018) reveals a guard tower—reportedly built by the same architect as the Inalco House—looking over the lake (situated closer to Bariloche than the house), as well as a destroyed bunker on the other side of the lake; together the two sites (in addition to other possible lookouts such as a wooden building resembling a guard shack) may have provided a panoramic view used to safeguard the mansion, then accessible from only the lake due to heavy forestation and long rumoured to have housed Hitler. Additionally, the ''Hunting Hitler'' team cited the proximity of German scientist Ronald Richter's Perón-backed nuclear fusion project on Huemul Island.

In a 2018 episode of '' Expedition Unknown'', Abel Basti secured a rare excursion into the Inalco House, revealing little except for some old kitchen utensils in the basement. Using a metal detector on the grounds, host Josh Gates located a Nazi coin, leading him to conclude that Nazis (but not necessarily Hitler) could have used the house.

Gallery

File:Nahuel Huapi 51.jpg, Nahuel Huapi Lake
File:Nahuel Huapi 52.jpg, Sun over the Nahuel Huapi lake at 12:00 pm
File:Nahuel Huapi 53.jpg, Windy Nahuel Huapi
File:Nahuel Huapi Lake captured from Camping Petunia.jpg, Nahuel Huapi Lake captured from Camping Petunia

See also

* Limay River, a major river of the region that runs from the lake

References

External links

World Lake's Database
from NASA's STS-88 space shuttle mission
Nahuel Huapi FaunaReevaluation of Cheek Patterns of Juvenal-Plumaged Blue-Eyed and King Shags

Satellite image of the Nahuel Huapi lake(2369x2328 pixels)

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Nahuel Huapi
Lakes of Río Negro Province
Lakes of Neuquén Province
Glacial lakes of Argentina
Nahuel Huapi National Park