The Nacogdoche (
Caddo
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They speak the Caddo language.
The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who ...
: Nakúʔkidáawtsiʔ) are a
Native American tribe from eastern Texas.
[Sturtevant, 617]
History
The Nacogdoche were part of the
Hasinai branch of the
Caddo Confederacy
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They speak the Caddo language.
The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who ...
[ and closely allied with the Lower Nasoni. They historically lived between the Angelina and the Sabine Rivers in Texas. The Gentleman of Elvas, a member of ]Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto (; ; 1497 – 21 May 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who was involved in expeditions in Nicaragua and the Yucatan Peninsula. He played an important role in Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru, ...
's 1541 expedition, wrote about the tribe, as did Francisco de Jesus Maria in 1691.[Nacogdoche Indian Tribe History.]
''Access Genealogy.'' (retrieved 12 Sept 2009)
In 1716, Franciscan friars accompanying Spanish explorer Domingo Ramón founded the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de los Nacogdoches Mission to serve the Nacogdoche as well as neighboring tribes.[Campbell, Thomas N]
Nacogdoche Indians.
''Handbook of Texas Online.'' (retrieved 6 Sept 2009) In 1750, a Nacogdoche chief, Chacaiauchia, threatened to kill the presiding father at the mission, Father Calahorray Sanz, and demanded that all other Spaniards leave Nacogdoches territory.[ This threat was not fulfilled. The mission remained until in 1773, with brief dormant periods due to fear of French attack.][Bolton, 35]
The governor of Texas visited the Nacogdoche in 1752.[ Their primary village, Nevantin, was located near present day ]Nacogdoches, Texas
Nacogdoches ( ) is a city in East Texas and the county seat of Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. The 2020 U.S. census recorded the city's population at 32,147. Stephen F. Austin State University is located in Nacogdoches and special ...
,[ named for the tribe. Four mounds surrounded the site of Nevantin, until relatively recently.][
While Spanish colonizers claimed Nacogdoche land, the tribe traded freely with the French. French traders provided firearms, ammunition, metal-bladed knives, cloth, vermilion dye, and other sundries in exchange for horses, prepared animal hides, bear's fat, beans, corn, and ]Apache
The Apache ( ) are several Southern Athabaskan language-speaking peoples of the Southwestern United States, Southwest, the Southern Plains and Northern Mexico. They are linguistically related to the Navajo. They migrated from the Athabascan ho ...
slaves.[
By 1800, European diseases and warfare had greatly reduced the population of the tribe. The survivors joined other Hasinai tribes.][
Ultimately, they were forced to relocate to the Wichita Reservation in ]Indian Territory
Indian Territory and the Indian Territories are terms that generally described an evolving land area set aside by the Federal government of the United States, United States government for the relocation of Native Americans in the United States, ...
in the 19th century.[ Today they are enrolled in the ]Caddo Nation of Oklahoma
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They speak the Caddo language.
The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, w ...
.
Synonymy
The tribe is also known as the Nazadachotzi,[ Nacadocheeto, Nacodissy, Nacodochito, Nagodoche, Nasahossoz, Naugdoche, Nocodosh,][ and Neticatzi.][Sturtevant, 629]
See also
* Natchitoches people
Notes
References
* Bolton, Herbet E
''The Hasinais: Southern Caddoans As Seen by the Earliest Europeans.''
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. .
*Edmonds, Randlett. ''Nusht'uhtitiʔ Hasinay: Caddo Phrasebook.'' Richardson, TX: Various Indian Peoples Publishing, 2003. .
* Sturtevant, William C., general editor and Raymond D. Fogelson, volume editor. ''Handbook of North American Indians: Southeast''. Volume 14. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2004. .
External links
Nacogdoche Indians
from Handbook of Texas Online
from Access Genealogy
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nacogdoche
Caddoan peoples
Native American history of Texas
Native American tribes in Oklahoma
Native American tribes in Texas