NORSAR is a foundation established in 1968 as part of the Norwegian- US agreement for the detection of

earthquake An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they ...

s and

nuclear explosion A nuclear explosion is an explosion that occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from a high-speed nuclear reaction. The driving reaction may be nuclear fission or nuclear fusion or a multi-stage cascading combination of the two, th ...

s. The name derives from the foundation's original project, the Norwegian Seismic Array.

Description

Located at Kjeller, north of

Oslo Oslo ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022 ...

, NORSAR runs and maintains seismic arrays in Norway and it is the designated Norwegian National Data Centre for the

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. It was adopted by the United Nat ...

. NORSAR conducts basic seismological research, develops software and provides consultancy for the

petroleum industry The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry, includes the global processes of hydrocarbon exploration, exploration, extraction of petroleum, extraction, oil refinery, refining, Petroleum transport, transportation (often by oil tankers ...

. NORSAR was the first non-US site included in

ARPANET The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first computer networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the tec ...

in June 1973. Its connection went via the Tanum Earth Station in Sweden to the Seismic Data Analysis Center (SDAC) in Virginia, United States. In turn, NORSAR provided the connection point for ARPANET to spread to Peter Kirstein's research group at

University College London University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ...

(UCL) the following month in July 1973. Connecting through NORSAR, the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (NDRE), along with UCL and RSRE in Britain, were involved in testing

TCP/IP The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are ...

. UCL provided a gateway between the ARPANET and UK academic computer networks, the first heterogenous international computer network. In early 1982, NORSAR and UCL left the ARPANET and began to use

over SATNET, becoming two of the first nodes on the

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the Global network, global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a internetworking, network of networks ...

. Since 1999, NORSAR has been an independent research foundation.

References

External links

* {{authority control Government agencies of Norway Research institutes in Norway Foundations based in Norway Organisations based in Lillestrøm Organizations established in 1968 Earth science research institutes Seismological observatories, organisations and projects

Description

See also

References

External links