NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, or NEEMO, is a

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...

analog mission Human analog missions are activities undertaken on Earth in various environments to simulate aspects of human missions to other worlds, including the Moon, asteroids, and Mars. These remote field tests are performed in locations that are identifie ...

that sends groups of astronauts, engineers and scientists to live in the Aquarius underwater laboratory, the world's only undersea research station, for up to three weeks at a time in preparation for future

space exploration Space exploration is the process of utilizing astronomy and space technology to investigate outer space. While the exploration of space is currently carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes, its physical exploration is conducted bo ...

. Aquarius is an

underwater habitat Underwater habitats are underwater structures in which people can live for extended periods and carry out most of the Circadian rhythm, basic human functions of a 24-hour day, such as working, resting, eating, attending to personal hygiene, and ...

off

Key Largo, Florida Key Largo is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Monroe County, Florida, United States, located on the island of Key Largo in the upper Florida Keys. The population was 12,447 at the 2020 census, up from 10,433 in 2010. The ...

, in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It is deployed on the ocean floor next to deep coral reefs below the surface. NASA has used it since 2001 for a series of space exploration simulation missions, usually lasting 7 to 14 days, with space research mainly conducted by international

astronaut An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a List of human spaceflight programs, human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member of a spa ...

s. The mission had cost about 500 million U.S. dollars. The crew members are called

aquanaut An aquanaut is any person who remains underwater, breathing at the ambient pressure for long enough for the concentration of the inert components of the breathing gas dissolved in the body tissues to reach equilibrium, in a state known as sat ...

s (as they live underwater at depth pressure for a period equal to or greater than 24 continuous hours without returning to the surface), and they perform EVAs in the underwater environment. A technique known as

saturation diving Saturation diving is an ambient pressure diving technique which allows a diver to remain at working depth for extended periods during which the body tissues become solubility, saturated with metabolically inert gas from the breathing gas mixture ...

allows the aquanauts to live and work underwater for days or weeks at a time. After twenty four hours underwater at any depth, the human body becomes saturated with dissolved gas. With saturation diving, divers can accurately predict exactly how much time they need to decompress before returning to the surface. This information limits the risk of

decompression sickness Decompression sickness (DCS; also called divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, and caisson disease) is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from Solution (chemistry), solution as bubbles inside the body tissues during D ...

. By living in the Aquarius habitat and working at the same depth on the ocean floor, NEEMO crews are able to remain underwater for the duration of their mission. For NASA, the Aquarius habitat and its surroundings provide a convincing analog for space exploration. Much like space, the undersea world is a hostile, alien place for humans to live. NEEMO crew members experience some of the same challenges there that they would on a distant asteroid, planet (i.e. Mars) or Moon. During NEEMO missions, the aquanauts are able to simulate living on a spacecraft and test spacewalk techniques for future space missions. Working in space and underwater environments requires extensive planning and sophisticated equipment. The underwater condition has the additional benefit of allowing NASA to "weight" the aquanauts to simulate different gravity environments. Until 2012, Aquarius was owned by the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA ) is an American scientific and regulatory agency charged with Weather forecasting, forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, Hydrography, charting the seas, ...

(NOAA) and operated by the National Undersea Research Center (NURC) at the University of North Carolina–Wilmington as a

marine biology Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms that inhabit the sea. Given that in biology many scientific classification, phyla, family (biology), families and genera have some species that live in the sea and ...

study base. Since 2013, Aquarius is owned by

Florida International University Florida International University (FIU) is a public research university with its main campus in Westchester, Florida, United States. Founded in 1965 by the Florida Legislature, the school opened to students in 1972. FIU is the third-largest univ ...

(FIU). As part of the FIU Marine Education and Research Initiative, the Medina Aquarius Program is dedicated to the study and preservation of marine ecosystems worldwide and is enhancing the scope and impact of FIU on research, educational outreach, technology development, and professional training. At the heart of the program is the Aquarius Reef Base.

Missions

NEEMO 1: October 21–27, 2001

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Bill Todd William Laurence Todd is a Project Manager for Exploration Analogs at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. He has also served as a NASA Undersea Research Team Project Lead and Spaceflight Training Simulation Supervisor at NASA JSC ...

, Commander *

Michael L. Gernhardt Michael Landon Gernhardt (born May 4, 1956) was a NASA astronaut, manager of the Environmental Physiology Laboratory, and principal investigator of the Prebreathe Reduction Program (PRP) at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Gernhardt was sel ...

Michael López-Alegría Michael López-Alegría (born Miguel Eladio López Alegría on May 30, 1958) is an astronaut, test pilot and commercial astronaut with dual nationality, American and Spanish; a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one International Space ...

Dafydd Williams Dafydd "David" Rhys Williams (born May 16, 1954) is a Canadian physician, public speaker, author and retired CSA astronaut. Williams was a mission specialist on two Space Shuttle missions. His first spaceflight, STS-90 in 1998, was a 16-day mi ...

, CSA NURC Support Crew: *

Mark Hulsbeck Mark Whitney Hulsbeck (born February 20, 1956) is an American professional aquanaut. He serves as an Oceanographic Operations Field Manager and research diver for the Aquarius Reef Base, the world's only undersea research laboratory, operated by ...

* Ryan Snow

NEEMO 2: May 13–20, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Michael Fincke Edward Michael "Mike" Fincke (born March 14, 1967) is an American astronaut and retired United States Air Force colonel. He formerly held the American record for the most time in space (382 days) until it was broken by Scott Kelly on October 16 ...

, Commander * Daniel M. Tani *

Sunita Williams Sunita Lyn "Suni" Williams ( Pandya; born September 19, 1965) is an American astronaut and a retired U.S. Navy officer. Williams served aboard the International Space Station as a participant in Expedition 14, a flight engineer for Expedition ...

Marc Reagan Marcum "Marc" Reagan (born c. 1967) is a Station Training Lead in Mission Operations at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. He leads a team of instructors who together are responsible for developing and executing complex simulations fo ...

NURC Support Crew: * Thor Dunmire * Ryan Snow

NEEMO 3: July 15–21, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Jeffrey Williams , Commander *

Gregory Chamitoff Gregory Errol Chamitoff (born 6 August 1962) is a Canadian-born American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He has been to space twice, spending 6 months aboard the ISS across Expedition 17 and 18 in 2008, and another 15 days as part of STS-13 ...

* John D. Olivas *

Jonathan Dory Jonathan Robert Dory is a Human Systems Integration Lead at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. He is Branch Chief of NASA's Habitability and Human Factors Branch, part of the Habitability and Environmental Factors Division at ...

NURC Support Crew: * Byron Croker * Michael Smith

NEEMO 4: September 23–27, 2002

NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Scott Kelly , Commander * Paul Hill *

Rex Walheim Rex Joseph Walheim (born October 10, 1962) is a retired United States Air Force officer, engineer and NASA astronaut. He flew three Space Shuttle missions, STS-110, STS-122, and STS-135. Walheim logged over 566 hours in space, including 36 hours ...

Jessica Meir Jessica Ulrika Meir ( IPA: ; ; born ) is an American NASA astronaut, marine biologist, and physiologist. She was previously an assistant professor of anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, following postdo ...

NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Ryan Snow NEEMO5

NEEMO 5: June 16–29, 2003

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Peggy Whitson Peggy Annette Whitson (born February 9, 1960) is an American biochemistry researcher, and astronaut working for Axiom Space. She retired from NASA in 2018, after serving as Chief Astronaut. Over all her missions, Whitson accumulated a total of ...

, Commander *

Clayton Anderson Clayton Conrad Anderson (born February 23, 1959) is a retired NASA astronaut. Launched on STS-117, he replaced Sunita Williams on June 10, 2007, as a member of the ISS Expedition 15 crew. He is currently an author, a motivational speaker, and a P ...

Garrett Reisman Garrett Erin Reisman (; born February 10, 1968) is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He was a backup crew member for Expedition 15 and joined Expedition 16 aboard the International Space Station for a short time before becoming a mem ...

* Emma Hwang NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Ryan Snow

NEEMO 6: July 12–21, 2004

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

John Herrington John Bennett Herrington (Chickasaw Nation, born September 14, 1958) is a retired United States Naval Aviator, engineer and former NASA astronaut. In 2002, Herrington became the first enrolled citizen of a Native American tribe to fly in space. ...

, Commander *

Nicholas Patrick Nicholas James MacDonald Patrick (born 19 November 1964), is a British-American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. His flight on the 2006 ''Discovery'' STS-116 mission made him the fourth person born in the United Kingdom to go into space. ...

Douglas H. Wheelock Douglas Harry "Wheels" Wheelock (born May 5, 1960) is an American engineer and astronaut. He has flown in space twice, logging 178 days on the Space Shuttle, International Space Station, and Russian Soyuz. On July 12, 2011, Wheelock announced th ...

* Tara Ruttley NURC Support Crew: * Craig B. Cooper * Joseph March, *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 7: October 11–21, 2004

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Robert Thirsk Robert "Bob" Brent Thirsk, (born August 17, 1953) is a Canadian retired engineer and physician, and a former Canadian Space Agency astronaut. He holds the Canadian record for the most time spent in space (204 days, 18 hours and 29&nbs ...

, Commander *

Catherine Coleman Catherine Grace "Cady" Coleman (born December 14, 1960) is an American chemist, engineer, former United States Air Force colonel, and retired NASA astronaut. She is a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions, and departed the International Space St ...

* Michael R. Barratt * Craig McKinley NURC Support Crew: * James Talacek * Billy Cooksey *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 8: April 20–22, 2005

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

, Commander * John D. Olivas * Scott Kelly * Monika Schultz NURC Support Crew: * Craig B. Cooper * Joseph March *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 9: April 3–20, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

, Commander * Nicole P. Stott * Ronald J. Garan Jr. * Timothy J. Broderick , M.D. NURC Support Crew: * James F. Buckley * Ross Hein *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 10: July 22–28, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Koichi Wakata is a Japanese engineer and an astronaut working for Axiom Space. Wakata retired from JAXA in 2024 after a career in spaceflight spanning nearly two decades. He logged over 500 days in space across five missions: three aboard the Space Shuttle, ...

, Commander * Andrew Feustel *

Karen L. Nyberg Karen LuJean Nyberg (born October 7, 1969) is an American mechanical engineer and retired NASA astronaut. Nyberg became the 50th woman in space on her first mission in 2008. Nyberg holds a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering. She started her space c ...

Karen Kohanowich Karen Kohanowich is a retired U.S. Naval officer and ocean research and technology program manager for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER). She was NOAA's Acting Director of ...

NURC Support Crew: *

* Dominic Landucci *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 11: September 16–22, 2006

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Sandra Magnus Sandra Hall Magnus (born October 30, 1964) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. She flew to space three times, as mission specialist on STS-112, as ISS crewmember during Expedition 18 and as mission specialist on STS-135. She is al ...

, Commander *

Timothy Kopra Timothy Lennart "Tim" Kopra (born April 9, 1963) is an American engineer, a Colonel in the United States Army, and a retired NASA astronaut. He served aboard the International Space Station as a flight engineer for Expedition 20, returning to Ear ...

Robert L. Behnken Robert Louis Behnken (; born July 28, 1970) is an American engineer, a former NASA astronaut, and former Chief of the Astronaut Office. Behnken holds a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering and the rank of colonel in the U.S. Air Force, where he serve ...

Timothy Creamer Timothy John "T. J." Creamer (born November 15, 1959) is a NASA flight director, retired astronaut and a colonel in the United States Army. Creamer was born in Fort Huachuca, Arizona, but considers Upper Marlboro, Maryland, to be his hometown. He ...

NURC Support Crew: * Larry Ward * Roger Garcia *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 12: May 7–18, 2007

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper Heidemarie Martha Stefanyshyn-Piper (born February 7, 1963) is an American Naval officer and former NASA astronaut. She has achieved the rank of Captain (naval), Captain in the United States Navy. She is also a qualified and experienced marine sa ...

, Commander * José M. Hernández * Josef Schmid, M.D. * Timothy J. Broderick, M.D. NURC Support Crew: * Dominic Landucci * James Talacek *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 13: August 6–15, 2007

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

, Commander *

Richard R. Arnold Richard Robert "Ricky" Arnold II (born November 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Maryland) is an American educator and a NASA astronaut. He flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-119, which launched March 15, 2009, and delivered the final set of solar arrays ...

Satoshi Furukawa is a Japanese surgeon and JAXA astronaut. Furukawa was assigned to the International Space Station as a flight engineer on long-duration missions Expedition 28/ 29 (2011) and Expedition 69/ 70 (2023-2024). Medical career Furakawa graduated fro ...

* Christopher E. Gerty NURC Support Crew: * James F. Buckley * Dewey Smith *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 14: May 10–23, 2010

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Chris Hadfield Chris Austin Hadfield (born August 29, 1959) is a Canadian retired astronaut, engineer, fighter pilot, musician, and writer. As the first Canadian to perform extravehicular activity in outer space, he has flown two Space Shuttle missions and ...

, Commander * Thomas H. Marshburn *

Andrew Abercromby Dr. Andrew Frank Jorgensen Abercromby (born 12 May 1980) is a scientist and biomedical engineer who designs and tests spacesuit systems and exercise countermeasures for future exploration of the Solar System. He is employed by NASA as Lead of ...

Steve Chappell Steven Patrick Chappell (born 1969/1970) is an American aerospace engineer. He is a Technical Lead & Research Specialist for Wyle Laboratories, Wyle Integrated Science & Engineering at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. He is ...

Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Nate Bender *

, Mission Director

NEEMO 15: October 20–26, 2011

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Shannon Walker Shannon Walker (born June 4, 1965) is an American physicist and a NASA astronaut selected in 2004. She launched on her first mission into space on June 25, 2010, onboard Soyuz TMA-19 and spent over 163 days in space. She returned to space for ...

, Commander *

Takuya Onishi is a Japanese astronaut selected for the JAXA, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in 2009. He spent four months on board the International Space Station in 2016. In March 2025, he arrived at the ISS as part of Expedition 72/Expedition 73, ...

David Saint-Jacques David Saint-Jacques ( , ; born 6 January 1970) is a Canadian astronaut with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). He is also an astrophysicist, engineer, and a physician. In December 2018, he launched to the International Space Station, as flight ...

Steve Squyres Steven Weldon Squyres (born January 9, 1956) is an American geologist and planetary scientist. He was the James A. Weeks Professor of Physical Sciences at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. His research area is in planetary sciences, with a ...

Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Nate Bender

DeepWorker 2000 DeepWorker 2000 is a submarine vehicle developed by Nuytco Research, Ltd. It is capable of descending to a depth of 610 m (2001 ft) and remaining submerged for 12 hours. In 1999, it was deployed to the continental shelf and upper conti ...

submersible A submersible is an underwater vehicle which needs to be transported and supported by a larger ship, watercraft or dock, platform. This distinguishes submersibles from submarines, which are self-supporting and capable of prolonged independent ope ...

crew: *

Stanley G. Love Stanley Glen Love (born June 8, 1965) is an American scientist and a NASA astronaut from Oregon. Early life Love was born on June 8, 1965, to Glen A. Love and Rhoda M. Love in San Diego, California. However, Love has stated he considers Eugene, O ...

NEEMO 16: June 11–22, 2012

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger Dorothy Marie "Dottie" Metcalf-Lindenburger (born May 2, 1975) is a retired American astronaut. She was a science teacher at Hudson's Bay High School in Vancouver, Washington when she was selected in 2004 as an educator mission specialist. She ...

, Commander *

Kimiya Yui , born January 30, 1970 in Kawakami, Nagano, Japan, is a Japanese astronaut from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). He was selected for the agency in 2009. Biography Yui, from Nagano Prefecture, enrolled in the Japan Air Self-Defense ...

Timothy Peake Major Timothy Nigel Peake (born 7 April 1972) is a retired British European Space Agency astronaut, Army Air Corps officer and author. He is the first British ESA astronaut, the second astronaut to bear a flag of the United Kingdom patch (fol ...

Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Justin Brown

crew: *

* Steve Giddings *

Serena M. Auñón Serena may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Serena (genre), a 13th-century Occitan poetic genre * ''Serena'' (1962 film), a British crime thriller * ''Serena'' (2014 film), an American drama film starring Jennifer Lawrence and Bradley Cooper ...

SEATEST II: September 9–13, 2013

Space Environment Analog for Testing EVA Systems and Training ( NEEMO 17 ) Designation skipped NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Joseph M. Acaba Joseph Michael Acabá (born May 17, 1967) is an American educator, hydrogeologist, and NASA astronaut. In May 2004, he became the first person of Puerto Rican ancestry to be named as a NASA astronaut candidate, when he was selected as a member ...

, Commander *

Kate Rubins Kate may refer to: People and fictional characters * Kate (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or nickname * Gyula Káté (born 1982), Hungarian amateur boxer * Lauren Kate (born 1981), American author of ...

Andreas Mogensen Andreas Enevold "Andy" Mogensen (born 2 November 1976) is a Danish engineer and ESA astronaut who is best known for being the first Dane to fly in space as part of the European Space Agency's Iriss program. Mogensen has also been involved in a n ...

Soichi Noguchi is a Japanese aeronautical engineer and former Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA astronaut. His first spaceflight was as a mission specialist aboard STS-114 on 26 July 2005 for NASA's first "return to flight" Space Shuttle program, Spac ...

Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

* Otto Rutten

NEEMO 18: July 21–29, 2014

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Akihiko Hoshide is a Japanese engineer, JAXA The is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology developm ...

, Commander *

Jeanette J. Epps Jeanette Jo Epps (born November 3, 1970) is an American aerospace engineer and retired NASA astronaut. Epps received both her M. S. and Ph.D. degrees in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland, where she was part of the rotor-craft ...

Mark T. Vande Hei Mark Thomas Vande Hei (born November 10, 1966) is a retired United States Army officer and current NASA astronaut who has served as a flight engineer for Expedition 53, 54, 64, 65, and 66 on the International Space Station. Early life and e ...

Thomas Pesquet Thomas Gautier Pesquet (; born 27 February 1978) is a French aerospace engineer, aviator, pilot, European Space Agency astronaut, actor, musician, and writer. Pesquet was selected by ESA as a candidate in May 2009, and he successfully completed ...

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * James Talacek * Hank Stark (FIU)

NEEMO 19: September 7–13, 2014

NASA Aquanaut Crew: *

Randolph Bresnik Randolph James "Komrade" Bresnik (born September 11, 1967) is a retired officer in the United States Marine Corps and an active NASA astronaut. A United States Marine Corps Aviation, Marine Aviator by trade, Bresnik was selected as a member of NA ...

, Commander *

, Flight Engineer 1 *

Jeremy Hansen Jeremy Roger Hansen (born January 27, 1976) is a Canadian astronaut, fighter pilot, physicist and former aquanaut. He was selected to join the Canadian Space Agency in the 2009 CSA selection along with David Saint-Jacques. Prior to his select ...

, Flight Engineer 2 * Hervé Stevenin, Flight Engineer 3 Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

* Ryan LaPete

NEEMO 20: July 20 – August 2, 2015

NASA Aquanaut Crew: NASA NEEMO 20 Aquanaut Crew

Luca Parmitano Luca Parmitano (born 27 September 1976 in Paternò, Sicily) is an Italian astronaut in the European Astronaut Corps for the European Space Agency (ESA). He was selected as an ESA astronaut in May 2009. Parmitano is also a colonel and test pilot ...

ESA The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 23-member international organization devoted to space exploration. With its headquarters in Paris and a staff of around 2,547 people globally as of 2023, ESA was founded in 1975 in the context of European ...

, commander *

, NASA * David Coan, NASA EVA Management Office engineer *

Norishige Kanai is a Japanese doctor and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA astronaut. He is a lieutenant and Diving Medical Officer in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Medical Service Division, 1st Service School). He served as a crew member on boar ...

JAXA The is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into o ...

Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

(FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU) NEEMO 20 mission objective was to simulate the time delays associated with sending and receiving commands between controllers on Earth and astronauts on Mars. Additional EVAs will simulate working on the surface of an asteroid, and the use of the DeepWorker submersible as an underwater stand-in for the Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle.

NEEMO 21: July 21 – August 5, 2016

The NEEMO 21 mission was scheduled to begin July 18, 2016 and conclude August 3, 2016; however, the mission start was shifted to July 21, 2016 as a result of unfavorable weather conditions. NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Reid Wiseman, NASA, Commander 1 *

Megan McArthur Katherine Megan McArthur (born August 30, 1971) is an American oceanographer, engineer, and NASA astronaut. She has served as a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) for both the Space Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS). Megan McArthur has flo ...

, NASA, Commander 2 * Marc O´Gríofa *

Matthias Maurer Matthias Josef Maurer (born 18 March 1970) is a German European Space Agency, ESA astronaut and Materials science, materials scientist, who was selected in 2015 to take part in space training. Biography Maurer graduated from in Sankt Wendel, S ...

, ESA * Noel Du Toit * Dawn Kernagis Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: * Hank Stark (FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU)

NEEMO 22: June 18–27, 2017

NASA Aquanaut Crew: * Kjell Lindgren, NASA, Commander *

Pedro Duque Pedro Francisco Duque Duque, Order of Friendship, OF, Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration", OMSE (born Madrid, 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and aeronautics engineer who served as Ministry of Science (Spain), minister of Science from ...

, ESA * Trevor Graff, NASA/Jacobs * Dominic D'Agostino, USF Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

(FIU) * Sean Moore (FIU)

NEEMO 23: June 10–22, 2019

NASA all-female Aquanaut Crew: *

Samantha Cristoforetti Samantha Cristoforetti (; born 26 April 1977) is an Italian European Astronaut Corps, European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut, former Italian Air Force pilot and engineer. She is the second of two Women in space, women sent into space by ESA and ...

, ESA, Commander *

Jessica Watkins Jessica Andrea Watkins (born May 14, 1988) is an American NASA astronaut, geologist, aquanaut, and former international rugby player. Watkins was announced as the first Black woman to serve on the International Space Station for a long-term mis ...

, NASA astronaut candidate * Csilla Ari D’Agostino, a neurobiologist at the University of South Florida * Shirley Pomponi, Marine biologist at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute of Florida Atlantic University Professional habitat technicians, Aquarius Reef Base support crew: *

(FIU) * Tom Horn (FIU)

References

External links

*
NEEMO missions

Live webcams (subject to mission availability)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neemo NASA programs Controlled ecological life support systems Human analog missions

Missions

NEEMO 1: October 21–27, 2001

NEEMO 2: May 13–20, 2002

NEEMO 3: July 15–21, 2002

NEEMO 4: September 23–27, 2002

NEEMO 5: June 16–29, 2003

NEEMO 6: July 12–21, 2004

NEEMO 7: October 11–21, 2004

NEEMO 8: April 20–22, 2005

NEEMO 9: April 3–20, 2006

NEEMO 10: July 22–28, 2006

NEEMO 11: September 16–22, 2006

NEEMO 12: May 7–18, 2007

NEEMO 13: August 6–15, 2007

NEEMO 14: May 10–23, 2010

NEEMO 15: October 20–26, 2011

NEEMO 16: June 11–22, 2012

SEATEST II: September 9–13, 2013

NEEMO 18: July 21–29, 2014

NEEMO 19: September 7–13, 2014

NEEMO 20: July 20 – August 2, 2015

NEEMO 21: July 21 – August 5, 2016

NEEMO 22: June 18–27, 2017

NEEMO 23: June 10–22, 2019

See also

References

External links