NASA Astronaut Group 16 ("The Sardines") was a group of 44 astronauts announced by

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...

on May 1, 1996. The class was nicknamed "The Sardines" for being such a large class, humorously implying that their training sessions would be as tightly packed as sardines in a can. These 44 candidates compose the largest astronaut class to date. NASA selected so many candidates in preparation for the anticipated need for ISS crew members, along with regular shuttle needs. Nine of the 44 astronauts selected were from other countries, including 1 each from 5 Europe nations and 2 each from Canada and Japan. Three members of this group,

William C. McCool William Cameron "Willie" McCool (born William Cameron Graham September 23, 1961 – February 1, 2003) was an American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, and NASA astronaut, who was the pilot of Space Shuttle ''Col ...

, David M. Brown, and Laurel B. Clark, died in the 2003 Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster, during

STS-107 STS-107 was the 113th flight of the Space Shuttle program, and the 28th(twenty eigth) and final flight of Space Shuttle ''Columbia''. The mission ended on the 1st of February 2003, with the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster which killed al ...

. These three received the

Congressional Space Medal of Honor The Congressional Space Medal of Honor was authorized by the United States Congress in 1969 to recognize "any astronaut who in the performance of his or her duties has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and co ...

. The group includes identical twins

Mark Mark may refer to: In the Bible * Mark the Evangelist (5–68), traditionally ascribed author of the Gospel of Mark * Gospel of Mark, one of the four canonical gospels and one of the three synoptic gospels Currencies * Mark (currency), a currenc ...

and Scott J. Kelly. The group also includes

Lisa Nowak Lisa Marie Nowak (née Caputo; born May 10, 1963) is an American aeronautical engineer, former NASA astronaut, and retired United States Navy officer. Nowak served as naval flight officer and test pilot in the Navy, and was selected by NASA fo ...

, who was expelled from the astronaut corps in 2007.

Pilots

* Duane G. Carey (1 flight) :Pilot, STS-109 (

Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the Orbiting Solar Observatory, first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most ...

servicing mission; ''Columbia'''s last successful flight) * Stephen Frick (2 flights) :Pilot,

STS-110 STS-110 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) on 8–19 April 2002 flown by Space Shuttle ''Atlantis''. The main purpose was to install the S0 Truss segment, which forms the backbone of the truss structure on the ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S0 Truss Segment) :Commander,

STS-122 STS-122 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS), flown by the . STS-122 marked the 24th shuttle mission to the ISS, and the 121st Space Shuttle flight overall. The mission was also referred to as ISS-1E by the I ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the Columbus Laboratory) * Charles O. Hobaugh (3 flights) :Pilot,

STS-104 STS-104 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle ''Atlantis''. Its primary objectives were to install the ''Quest'' Joint Airlock and help perform maintenance on the International Space Statio ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the

Quest Joint Airlock The ''Quest'' Joint Airlock is the primary airlock for the International Space Station. ''Quest'' was designed to host spacewalks with both Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuits and Orlan space suits. The airlock was launched on STS- ...

) :Pilot,

STS-118 STS-118 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by the orbiter ''Space Shuttle Endeavour, Endeavour''. STS-118 lifted off on August 8, 2007, from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, launch pad 39A at Kennedy ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S5 Truss Segment) :Commander,

STS-129 STS-129 (ISS assembly sequence, ISS assembly flight ULF3) was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). ''Space Shuttle Atlantis, Atlantis'' was launched on November 16, 2009, at 14:28 Eastern Time Zone, EST, and lan ...

* James M. Kelly (2 flights) :Pilot,

STS-102 STS-102 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle '' Discovery'' and launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. STS-102 flew in March 2001; its primary objectives were resupplying the ISS and ...

( ISS resupply mission) :Pilot,

STS-114 STS-114 was the first "Return to Flight" Space Shuttle mission following the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster. ''Discovery'' launched at 10:39 EDT (14:39 UTC) on her 31st flight on July 26, 2005. The launch, 907 days (approx. 29 months) a ...

(the first "Return to Flight" mission after the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) *

Mark Kelly Mark Edward Kelly (born February 21, 1964) is an American politician, retired astronaut, and former United States Navy, naval officer serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, senior United States senator from Arizona, a seat he ha ...

(4 flights; fellow astronaut Scott Kelly is his twin brother) :Pilot, STS-108 ( ISS supply mission) :Pilot, STS-121 ( ISS resupply mission; second "Return to Flight" mission after the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) :Commander,

STS-124 STS-124 was the 35th mission of Space Shuttle ''Discovery''. It went to the International Space Station on this mission. ''Discovery'' launched on May 31, 2008, at 17:02 EDT, moved from an earlier scheduled launch date of May 25, 2008, and land ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the Japanese Experiment Module) :Commander,

STS-134 STS-134 (ISS assembly sequence, ISS assembly flight ULF6) was the penultimate mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the 25th and last spaceflight of . This flight delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and an ExPRESS Logistics Carrier ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched AMS-02 and ELC-3) * Scott Kelly (4 flights; fellow astronaut

is his twin brother) :Pilot,

STS-103 STS-103, the 96th launch of the Space Shuttle and the 27th launch of Space Shuttle ''Space Shuttle Discovery, Discovery'', was a Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. It launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 19 December 1999 and ...

(

servicing mission) :Commander,

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S5 Truss Segment) :

Soyuz TMA-01M Soyuz TMA-01M was a Soyuz programme, Soyuz flight that transported three members of the Expedition 25 crew to the International Space Station. TMA-01M was the 107th flight of a Soyuz (spacecraft), Soyuz spacecraft, and the first flight of the mode ...

( Expedition 25/ 26) : Soyuz TMA-16M/ TMA-18M ( Expedition 43/ 44/ 45/ 46) – ISS year long mission * Paul Lockhart (2 flights) :Pilot,

STS-111 STS-111 was a space shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle ''Endeavour''. STS-111 resupplied the station and replaced the Expedition 4 crew with the Expedition 5 crew. It was launched on 5 June 2002, fr ...

( ISS resupply mission) :Pilot,

STS-113 STS-113 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle ''Space Shuttle Endeavour, Endeavour''. During the 14-day mission in late 2002, ''Endeavour'' and its crew extended the ISS backbone with the Int ...

(launched the P1 Truss Segment, last flight before the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) * Christopher Loria (0 flights) :Assigned as the pilot for

but suffered herniated lumbar discs during mission training. Ultimately the injury resulted in his medical disqualification from further spaceflight assignments. *

(1 flight; died in the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) :Pilot,

(orbital science mission; last flight of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' – RCC panel damage resulted in disintegration of ''Columbia'') * Mark L. Polansky (3 flights) :Pilot,

STS-98 STS-98 was a 2001 Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle '' Atlantis''. It was the first human spaceflight launch of the 21st century. STS-98 delivered to the station the Dest ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched

Destiny Destiny, sometimes also called fate (), is a predetermined course of events. It may be conceived as a predetermined future, whether in general or of an individual. Fate Although often used interchangeably, the words ''fate'' and ''destiny'' ...

) :Commander,

STS-116 STS-116 (also known as ISS-12A) was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Discovery, Space Shuttle '' Discovery''. ''Discovery'' lifted off on December 9, 2006 for her 33rd flight at 20:47:35 Easte ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the P5 Truss Segment) :Commander,

STS-127 STS-127 (Assembly of the International Space Station, ISS assembly flight 2J/A) was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). It was the twenty-third flight of . The primary purpose of the STS-127 mission was to deliv ...

Mission specialists

* David M. Brown (1 flight; died in the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) :

(orbital science mission; last flight of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' – RCC panel damage resulted in disintegration of ''Columbia'') * Daniel C. Burbank (3 flights) :

STS-106 STS-106 was a 2000 Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle ''Atlantis''. Crew Spacewalks * '' Lu and Malenchenko '' – EVA 1 *EVA 1 Start: 11 September 2000 – 04:47 UTC *EVA 1 End: 11 Septembe ...

( ISS supply mission) :

STS-115 STS-115 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by . It was the first assembly mission to the ISS after the ''Columbia'' disaster, following the two successful ''Return to Flight'' missions, STS-114 and STS- ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the P3/P4 Truss Assemblies) : Soyuz TMA-22 ( Expedition 29/ 30) * Yvonne Cagle (0 flights) :, is a management astronaut (astronauts who remain NASA employees but are no longer eligible for flight assignment), assigned to NASA's

Ames Research Center The Ames Research Center (ARC), also known as NASA Ames, is a major NASA research center at Moffett Federal Airfield in California's Silicon Valley. It was founded in 1939 as the second National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) laborat ...

Mountain View, California Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, part of the San Francisco Bay Area. Named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains, the population was 82,376 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. Mountain V ...

and serving as a visiting professor at

Fordham University Fordham University is a Private university, private Society of Jesus, Jesuit research university in New York City, United States. Established in 1841, it is named after the Fordham, Bronx, Fordham neighborhood of the Bronx in which its origina ...

. * Fernando Caldeiro (0 flights) :Died of a brain tumor before flight assignment * Charles Camarda (1 flight) :

(the first "Return to Flight" mission after the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) * Laurel Clark (1 flight; died in the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) :

(orbital science mission; last flight of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' – RCC panel damage resulted in disintegration of ''Columbia'') * Michael Fincke (3 flights) : Soyuz TMA-4 ( Expedition 9) :

Soyuz TMA-13 Soyuz TMA-13 (, ''Union TMA-13'') was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The spacecraft was launched by a Soyuz-FG rocket at 07:01 GMT on 12 October 2008. It undocked at 02:55 GMT on 8 April 2009, performed a deorbit burn ...

( Expedition 18) :

: SpaceX Crew-11 ''(planned)'' * Patrick G. Forrester (3 flights), Chief of the Astronaut Office 2017–2020 :

STS-105 STS-105 was the 30th mission of Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', in which Discovery went to the International Space Station. It launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 10 August 2001. This mission was ''Discoverys final mission until STS ...

( ISS resupply flight) :

STS-117 STS-117 (ISS assembly sequence, ISS assembly flight 13A) was a Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'', launched from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, pad 39A of the Kennedy Space Center on June ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S3/S4 Truss Assemblies) : STS-128 * John Herrington (1 flight) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the P1 Truss Segment) * Joan Higginbotham (1 flight) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the P5 Truss Segment) *

Sandra Magnus Sandra Hall Magnus (born October 30, 1964) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. She flew to space three times, as mission specialist on STS-112, as ISS crewmember during Expedition 18 and as mission specialist on STS-135. She is al ...

(3 flights) :

STS-112 STS-112 (ISS assembly sequence, ISS assembly flight 9A) was an 11-day Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by . Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' was launched on 7 October 2002 at 19:45 UTC from the Kennedy Space Center's ...

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S1 Truss Segment) :

STS-126 STS-126 was the one hundred and twenty-fourth NASA Space Shuttle mission, and twenty-second orbital flight of the ''Space Shuttle Endeavour'' (OV-105) to the International Space Station (ISS). The purpose of the mission, referred to as ULF2 by ...

STS-135 STS-135 ( ISS assembly flight ULF7) was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. It used the orbiter '' Atlantis'' and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown. STS-135 ...

( Expedition 18) * Mike Massimino (2 flights) : STS-109 (

servicing mission; ''Columbia'''s last successful flight) :

STS-125 STS-125, or HST-SM4 (Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4), was the fifth and final Space Shuttle mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The launch of the Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' occurred on May 11, 2009, at 2:01 pm EDT. Land ...

(Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission) * Richard Mastracchio (4 flights) :

( ISS supply mission) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S5 Truss Segment) : STS-131 : Soyuz TMA-11M (

Expedition 38 Expedition 38 was the 38th expedition to the International Space Station The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station that was Assembly of the International Space Station, assembled and is maintained in low Earth orbit by ...

/ 39) * Lee Morin (1 flight) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S0 Truss Segment) *

(1 flight; dismissed from the Astronaut Corps and reassigned to the

U.S. Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest displacement, at 4.5 million tons in 2021. It has the world's largest aircraft ...

) : STS-121 ( ISS resupply mission) ::

was arrested on February 5, 2007, after confronting a woman entangled in a

love triangle A love triangle is a scenario or circumstance, usually depicted as a rivalry, in which two people are pursuing or involved in a romantic relationship with one person, or in which one person in a romantic relationship with someone is simultaneo ...

with a fellow astronaut. She was fired by NASA on March 7, and she became the first astronaut to be both grounded and dismissed (prior astronauts who were grounded due to non-medical issues usually resigned or retired). * Donald Pettit (4 flights) :

/ Soyuz TMA-1 (

Expedition 6 Expedition 6 was the sixth expedition to the International Space Station (25 November 2002 – 3 May 2003). It was the last three-man crew to reside on the station until the arrival of STS-121 in 2006, delivering the final astronaut of Expedi ...

) :

( ISS resupply mission ULF2) :

Soyuz TMA-03M Soyuz TMA-03M was a spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS). It launched on 21 December 2011 from Site One at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, carrying three members of Expedition 30 to the ISS. TMA-03M was the 112th flight of ...

( Expedition 30/ 31) : Soyuz MS-26 ( Expedition 71/ 72) * John L. Phillips (3 flights) : STS-100 ( ISS assembly mission – launched

Canadarm2 The Mobile Servicing System (MSS) is a robotic system on board the International Space Station (ISS). Launched to the ISS in 2001, it plays a key role in station assembly and maintenance; it moves equipment and supplies around the station, suppo ...

) : Soyuz TMA-6 ( Expedition 11) : STS-119 * Paul W. Richards (1 flight) :

( ISS resupply mission) * Piers Sellers (3 flights) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S1 Truss Segment) : STS-121 ( ISS resupply mission) : STS-132 * Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper (2 flights) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the P3/P4 Truss Assemblies) :

( ISS resupply mission ULF2) * Daniel M. Tani (2 flights) : STS-108 ( ISS supply mission) :

STS-120 STS-120 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) that launched on October 23, 2007, from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The mission is also referred to as ISS-10A by the ISS program. STS-120 delivered the ''Harmony ...

(

Expedition 16 Expedition 16 was the 16th List of International Space Station Expeditions, expedition to the International Space Station (ISS). The first two crew members, Yuri Malenchenko and Peggy Whitson, launched on 10 October 2007, aboard Soyuz TMA-11, an ...

) * Rex J. Walheim (3 flights) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the S0 Truss Segment) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the Columbus Laboratory) :

* Peggy Whitson (4 flights, 3 with NASA) :

(

Expedition 5 Expedition 5 was the fifth long-duration stay on the International Space Station (ISS). The crew, consisting of three people, remained in space for 184 days, 178 of which were spent aboard the ISS. Expedition 5 was a continuation of an uninterru ...

) : Soyuz TMA-11 (

) : Soyuz MS-03 / MS-04 ( Expedition 50/ 51/ 52) :After her retirement from NASA, she was hired by Axiom Space, where she has commanded these missions: : Axiom Mission 2 : Axiom Mission 4 ''(planned)'' * Jeffrey Williams (4 flights) :

STS-101 STS-101 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle '' Atlantis''. The mission was a 10-day mission conducted between 19 May 2000 and 29 May 2000. The mission was designated 2A.2a and was a resuppl ...

( ISS supply mission) : Soyuz TMA-8 (the launch and landing vehicle of Expedition 13) : ISS Expedition 13 (6 month mission to the ISS) : Soyuz TMA-16, ISS Expedition 21]/ Expedition 22, 22 : Soyuz TMA-20M, ISS Expedition 47/ 48 *

Stephanie Wilson Stephanie Diana Wilson (born September 27, 1966)Laura Woodmansee, ed. ''Women Astronauts.'' (2002). Burlington, Ont.: Apogee Books. . p. 131. is an American engineer and a NASA astronaut. She flew to space onboard three Space Shuttle missions a ...

(3 flights) : STS-121 ( ISS resupply mission; second Return to Flight mission after the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched Harmony (Node 2)) : STS-131

International mission specialists

Pedro Duque Pedro Francisco Duque Duque, Order of Friendship, OF, Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration", OMSE (born Madrid, 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and aeronautics engineer who served as Ministry of Science (Spain), minister of Science from ...

(

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

; 2 flights) :

STS-95 STS-95 was a Space Shuttle mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on 29 October 1998, using the orbiter Space Shuttle Discovery, ''Discovery''. It was the 25th flight of ''Discovery'' and the 92nd mission flown since the start of the ...

(orbital science mission) :

Soyuz TMA-3 Soyuz TMA-3 was a Soyuz spacecraft, Soyuz (Russian Союз ТМА-3, ''Union TMA-3'') mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle which was the third flight for the ''TMA'' modification of the Soyuz sp ...

/ TMA-2 *

Christer Fuglesang Arne Christer Fuglesang (born 18 March 1957) is a Swedish physicist and an ESA astronaut. He was first launched aboard the STS-116 Space Shuttle mission on 10 December 2006, making him the first Swedish citizen in space. Married with three child ...

(

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

; 2 flights) :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the P5 Truss Segment) : STS-128 *

Umberto Guidoni Umberto Guidoni (born 18 August 1954 in Rome) is an Italian astrophysicist, science writer and a former ESA astronaut, being the first European to visit the International Space Station. He is a veteran of two NASA Space Shuttle missions. He was a ...

(

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

; 2 flights) :

STS-75 STS-75 was a 1996 NASA Space Shuttle mission, the 19th mission of the orbiter. Crew Crew seat assignments Mission objective Tethered Satellite System The primary objective of STS-75 was to carry the Tethered Satellite System Reflight (TS ...

(orbital science mission) – flight performed before being selected as Mission Specialist : STS-100 ( ISS assembly mission – launched

) * Steven MacLean (

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

; 2 flights) : STS-52 (deployed the

LAGEOS LAGEOS (), Laser Geodynamics Satellite or Laser Geometric Environmental Observation Survey, are a series of two scientific research satellites designed to provide an orbiting laser ranging benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth. Each ...

-II Satellite) – flight performed before being selected as Mission Specialist :

( ISS assembly mission – launched the P3/P4 Truss Assemblies) * Mamoru Mohri (

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

; 2 flights) :

STS-47 STS-47 was NASA's 50th Space Shuttle mission of the Space Shuttle program, program, as well as the second mission of the Space Shuttle Endeavour, Space Shuttle ''Endeavour''. The mission mainly involved conducting experiments in life and mater ...

(orbital science mission) – flight performed before being selected as Mission Specialist : STS-99 (

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is an international research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale from 56th parallel south, 56°S to 60th parallel north, 60°N, to generate the most complete high-resol ...

) *

Soichi Noguchi is a Japanese aeronautical engineer and former Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA astronaut. His first spaceflight was as a mission specialist aboard STS-114 on 26 July 2005 for NASA's first "return to flight" Space Shuttle program, Spac ...

(

; 3 flights) :

(the first "Return to Flight" mission after the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster) : Soyuz TMA-17 ( Expedition 22) :

SpaceX Crew-1 SpaceX Crew-1 (was also known as USCV-1 or simply Crew-1) was the first operational crewed flight of a SpaceX Dragon 2, Crew Dragon spacecraft and the maiden flight of the Crew Dragon Resilience, Crew Dragon ''Resilience'' spacecraft. It was ...

( Expedition 64/ 65) *

Julie Payette Julie Payette (; born October 20, 1963) is a Canadian engineer, scientist and former astronaut who served from 2017 to 2021 as Governor General of Canada, the List of governors general of Canada, 29th since Canadian Confederation. Payette holds ...

(

; 2 flights) on 2 October 2017, became the 29th

Governor General of Canada The governor general of Canada () is the federal representative of the . The monarch of Canada is also sovereign and head of state of 14 other Commonwealth realms and resides in the United Kingdom. The monarch, on the Advice (constitutional la ...

. :

STS-96 STS-96 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle '' Discovery'', and the first shuttle flight to dock at the International Space Station. It was Discovery's 26th flight. The shuttle carried the S ...

( ISS supply mission) :

( ISS supply mission) * Philippe Perrin (

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

; 1 flight) :

( ISS resupply mission) * Gerhard Thiele (

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

; 1 flight) : STS-99 (

)

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasa Astronaut Group 16 NASA Astronaut Corps Lists of astronauts 1996 in spaceflight 1996 establishments in the United States