Mulhouse (; Alsatian: or , ; ; meaning '' mill house'') is a city of the

Haut-Rhin Haut-Rhin (, ; Alsatian: ''Owerelsàss'' or '; german: Oberelsass, ) is a department in the Grand Est region of France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means '' Upper Rhine''. Haut-Rhin is t ...

department, in the

Grand Est Grand Est (; gsw-FR, Grossa Oschta; Moselle Franconian/ lb, Grouss Osten; Rhine Franconian: ''Groß Oschte''; german: Großer Osten ; en, "Great East") is an administrative region in Northeastern France. It superseded three former administr ...

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography), human impact characteristics ( human geography), and the interaction of humanity an ...

, eastern France, close to the

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland *Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri *Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia *Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports * Swiss Internation ...

and

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

borders. It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in

Alsace Alsace (, ; ; Low Alemannic German/ gsw-FR, Elsàss ; german: Elsass ; la, Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland. In 2020, it had ...

after

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label= Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label= Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the ...

. Mulhouse is famous for its museums, especially the (also known as the , 'National Museum of the Automobile') and the (also known as , 'French Museum of the Railway'), respectively the largest automobile and railway museums in the world. An industrial town nicknamed "the French

Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...

", Mulhouse is also the main seat of the Upper Alsace University, where the secretariat of the

European Physical Society The European Physical Society (EPS) is a non-profit organisation whose purpose is to promote physics and physicists in Europe through methods such as physics outreach. Formally established in 1968, its membership includes the national physical so ...

is found.

Administration

Mulhouse is a commune with a population of 108,312 in 2019.Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019
INSEE This commune is part of an urban unit also named Mulhouse with 247,065 inhabitants in 2018. Additionally Mulhouse commune is the principal commune of the 39 communes which make up the of (m2A, population 280,000 in 2020). Mulhouse commune is a subprefecture, the administrative centre of the Arrondissement of Mulhouse. It is one of the most populated sub-prefectures in France.

History

Mulhouse within Alsace 1798 to 1898, obverse

Mulhouse within Alsace 1798 to 1898, reverse

In 58 BC a battle took place west of Mulhouse and opposed the Roman army of

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, an ...

by a coalition of Germans led by

Ariovistus Ariovistus was a leader of the Suebi and other allied Germanic peoples in the second quarter of the 1st century BC. He and his followers took part in a war in Gaul, assisting the Arverni and Sequani in defeating their rivals, the Aedui. They t ...

. The first written records of the town date from the twelfth century. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of

Sundgau Sundgau ( or ; ) is a geographical territory in the southern Alsace region ( Haut Rhin and Belfort), on the eastern edge of France. The name is derived from Alemannic German ''Sunt- gowe'' ("South shire"), denoting an Alemannic county in the Old ...

in the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...

. From 1354 to 1515, Mulhouse was part of the Décapole, an association of ten Free Imperial Cities in Alsace. The city joined the Swiss Confederation as an associate in 1515 and was therefore not annexed by France in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. An enclave in Alsace, it was a free and independent

Calvinist Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John C ...

republic, known as ''Stadtrepublik Mülhausen'', associated with the Swiss Confederation until, after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798, it became a part of France in the

Treaty of Mulhouse A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal perso ...

signed on 28 January 1798, during the

Directory Directory may refer to: * Directory (computing), or folder, a file system structure in which to store computer files * Directory (OpenVMS command) * Directory service, a software application for organizing information about a computer network' ...

period of the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

. Starting in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Koechlin family pioneered cotton cloth manufacturing; Mulhouse became one of France's leading textile centers in the nineteenth century. André Koechlin (1789–1875) built machinery and started making railroad equipment in 1842. The firm in 1839 already employed 1,800 people. It was one of the six large French locomotive constructors until the merger with Elsässische Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden in 1872, when the company became

Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques The Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (the Alsatian Corporation of Mechanical Engineering), or SACM, is an engineering company with its headquarters in Mulhouse, Alsace, which produced railway locomotives, textile and printing mac ...

. After the Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), Mulhouse was annexed to the

German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...

as part of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine (1871–1918). The city was briefly occupied by French troops on 8 August 1914 at the start of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the

Battle of Mulhouse The Battle of Mulhouse (german: Mülhausen), also called the Battle of Alsace (french: Bataille d'Alsace), which began on 7 August 1914, was the opening attack of the First World War by the French Army against Germany. The battle was part of ...

. Alsatians who celebrated the appearance of the French army were left to face German reprisals, with several citizens sentenced to death. After World War I ended in 1918, French troops entered Alsace, and Germany ceded the region to France under the Treaty of Versailles. After the Battle of France in 1940, it was occupied by German forces until its return to French control at the end of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

in May 1945. The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the textile industry and tanning, and subsequently by chemical and Engineering industries from the mid 18th century. Mulhouse was for a long time called the French

. Consequently, the town has enduring links with

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is bord ...

, from which it imported cotton, and also with the

Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is ...

. The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small.

Geography

Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the Doller and the

Ill ILL may refer to: * ''I Love Lucy'', a landmark American television sitcom * Illorsuit Heliport (location identifier: ILL), a heliport in Illorsuit, Greenland * Institut Laue–Langevin, an internationally financed scientific facility * Interlibrar ...

, both tributaries of the

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , source ...

. Mulhouse is approximately from

and

Zürich , neighboring_municipalities = Adliswil, Dübendorf, Fällanden, Kilchberg, Maur, Oberengstringen, Opfikon, Regensdorf, Rümlang, Schlieren, Stallikon, Uitikon, Urdorf, Wallisellen, Zollikon , twintowns = Kunming, San Francisco Z ...

; it is from

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...

and about from

Frankfurt Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on it ...

. It lies close enough to Basel, Switzerland and Freiburg, Germany to share the

EuroAirPort EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg IATA airport 3-letter codes for the French area, the Swiss area, and the metropolitan area, french: Aéroport de Bâle-Mulhouse-Fribourg, it, Aeroporto di Basilea-Mulhouse-Friburgo, rm, Eroport da Basilea-Mu ...

international airport with these two cities.

Districts

Medieval Mulhouse consists essentially of a lower and an upper town. *The lower town was formerly the inner city district of merchants and craftsmen. It developed around the Place de la Réunion (which commemorates its reunion with France). Nowadays this area is pedestrianised. *The upper town developed from the eighteenth century on. Previously, several

monastic order Monasticism (from Ancient Greek , , from , , 'alone'), also referred to as monachism, or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work. Monastic life plays an important ro ...

s were established there, notably the

Franciscan , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...

s, Augustinians, Poor Clares and Knights of Malta. *The ''Nouveau Quartier'' (New District) is the best example of

urban planning Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, ...

in Mulhouse, and was developed from 1826 on, after the town walls had been torn down (as they were in many towns in France). It is focused around the ''Place de la République''. Its network of streets and its triangular shape are a good demonstration of the town's desire for a planned layout. The planning was undertaken by the architects G. Stolz and Félix Fries. This inner city district was occupied by rich families and the owners of local industries, who tended to be liberal and republican in their opinions. *The Rebberg district consists of grand houses inspired by the colonnaded residences of Louisiana cotton planters. Originally, this was the town's

vineyard A vineyard (; also ) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is known as viticulture. Vineyard ...

(the word ''Rebe'' meaning ''

vine A vine (Latin ''vīnea'' "grapevine", "vineyard", from ''vīnum'' "wine") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themsel ...

'' in German). The houses here were built as

terrace Terrace may refer to: Landforms and construction * Fluvial terrace, a natural, flat surface that borders and lies above the floodplain of a stream or river * Terrace, a street suffix * Terrace, the portion of a lot between the public sidewalk an ...

s in the English style, a result of the town's close relationship with

, where the sons of industrialists were often sent to study.

Climate

Mulhouse's climate is temperate oceanic ( Köppen: Cfb), but its location further away from the ocean gives the city colder winters with some snow, and often hot and humid summers, in comparison with the rest of France.

Population

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Mulhouse proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Mulhouse absorbed the former commune of Dornach in 1914 and Bourtzwiller in 1947.

Main sights

* Hôtel de Ville (1552). The town hall was built in 1553 in the

Rhenish The Rhineland (german: Rheinland; french: Rhénanie; nl, Rijnland; ksh, Rhingland; Latinised name: ''Rhenania'') is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section. Term Historically, the Rhinelands ...

Renaissance style. Montaigne described it as a "palais magnifique et tout doré" ("splendid golden palace") in 1580. It is known for its '' trompe-l'œil'' paintings, and its pictures of allegories representing the vices and virtues. * Workers' quarter (mid 19th century), inspired workers' quarters in many other industrial towns.Scheurer, Marie-Philippe; Lehni, Roger; Menninger, Claude: ''Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin − Images du Patrimoine'', Le Verger, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, 1990, * ''Place de la Bourse'' and the building of the ''Société Industrielle de Mulhouse'', in the ''Nouveau Quartier'' (19th century) * Cité de l'Automobile (featuring the Schlumpf collection) * Cité du Train successor to Musée Français du Chemin de Fer (French National Railway Museum)
Museum of Electricity (Electropolis)
* '' Musée des Beaux-Arts'' (Fine Arts Museum) * '' Musée historique'' (History Museum, located in th Hôtel de Ville * Museum of Printed Textiles (''Musée de l'impression sur étoffes'') * The '' Parc Zoologique et Botanique de Mulhouse'' (

botanical garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...

and

zoo A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes. The term ''zoological garden'' refers to z ...

) * Saint-Steffen Calvinist temple (1859–1869), by Jean-Baptiste Schacre

Principal economic activities

As early as the mid-19th century, Mulhouse was known as "the industrial capital of Alsace", the "city with a hundred chimneys" (''cité aux cent cheminées'') and "the French Manchester". * Automobile industry ( Peugeot's Mulhouse factory is the largest employer in Alsace) * Chemical industry (ICMD) *

Electronics The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission, behaviour and effects of electrons using electronic devices. Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification ...

(Clemessy) * Engineering (SACM – Wärtsilä) Between 1909 and 1914 there was an aircraft manufacturer, Aviatik, in Mulhouse.

Education

The École nationale supérieure de chimie de Mulhouse, the first school of Chemistry in France, is located in the city.

Transport

Air

Mulhouse is served by

EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg IATA airport 3-letter codes for the French area, the Swiss area, and the metropolitan area, french: Aéroport de Bâle-Mulhouse-Fribourg, it, Aeroporto di Basilea-Mulhouse-Friburgo, rm, Eroport da Basilea-Mu ...

, located south of the town.

Rail

Gare de Mulhouse is well connected with the rest of France by train, including major destinations such as Paris,

Dijon Dijon (, , ) (dated) * it, Digione * la, Diviō or * lmo, Digion is the prefecture of the Côte-d'Or department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in northeastern France. the commune had a population of 156,920. The earlie ...

, Besançon, Belfort,

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of ...

Marseille Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Fra ...

, Montpellier and

Lille Lille ( , ; nl, Rijsel ; pcd, Lile; vls, Rysel) is a city in the northern part of France, in French Flanders. On the river Deûle, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region, the prefecture of the No ...

. Some trains operate to destinations in

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

, in particular proximity

Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (B ...

Bern german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese , neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen , website ...

and

. There is also a train service to

Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on it ...

in Germany, and a Eurocity service that connects

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

, Strasbourg and Basel calls at Mulhouse. Regional services connect Mulhouse to Colmar, Strasbourg, Basel, Belfort,

Kruth Kruth (; ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. Its railway station is the terminus of a TER service to Mulhouse. Geography Climate Kruth has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classificati ...

and Freiburg im Breisgau.

Urban transport

Transport within Mulhouse is provided by

Soléa Soléa is a public transport operator in the French city of Mulhouse. Under contract to the Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération, it operates the city's bus network and three of the lines of the city's tram network. It also jointly operates, with the ...

and comprises a network of buses together with the city's tram network, which opened on 13 May 2006. The tramway now consists of three tram lines and one tram-train line. * Line 1 from Nouveau Bassin to Coteaux * Line 2 from Gare Centrale to Châtaignier * Line 3 from Gare Centrale to

Lutterbach Lutterbach () is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France. It forms part of the Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération, the inter-communal local government body for the Mulhouse conurbation. Lutterbach is served by the , ...

* Tram-train line from Gare Centrale to Thann via Lutterbach

Road

Motorway A36 is the main axis connecting the city with the west of the country, to cities such as

, Paris and

. The A35 is the main north–south axis, connecting cities such as

and

Sports

Mulhouse is one of the nation's hubs for women's volleyball.

ASPTT Mulhouse ASPTT Mulhouse is a French women's volleyball club based in Mulhouse and playing in the Ligue AF. History The club was established in 1974 and has various women's teams (girls, juniors, senior) participating in local, regional and national comp ...

won multiple titles at the National level. The team plays its home games at the Palais des Sports.

People

Mulhouse was the birthplace of: * Maurice Achener (1881–1963), French illustrator, painter, and print maker * Jean de Beaugrand (1584–1640), lineographer and mathematician * (born 1955), composer and synthesist * Bernard Bloch (born 1949), actor and director * Samir Bourouina (born 1978), professional footballer * Jean Brenner (1937–2009), painter * Karl Brandt (1904–1948), German Nazi personal physician to

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and the ...

and head administrator of the

T-4 Euthanasia Program (German, ) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The term was first used in post-war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. The name T4 is an abbreviation of 4, a street address of t ...

, executed for war crimes *

David Cage David De Gruttola (born June 9, 1969), known by his pseudonym David Cage, is a French video game designer, writer and musician. He is the founder of the game development studio Quantic Dream. Cage both wrote and directed the video games ''Heavy ...

(born 1969), French video game designer, writer and musician. Born in Mulhouse, Cage was the first game developer to receive the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleo ...

, the highest decoration granted in France. * Pierre Chambon (born 1931),

biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell, a multicellular organism, or a community of interacting populations. They usually specialize ...

* Cléopatre Darleux (born 1989), handball goalkeeper *

Mireille Delunsch Mireille Delunsch (born 2 November 1962) is a French soprano. She was born in Mulhouse, and studied musicology and voice at the Conservatoire de Strasbourg. Her debut was at the Opéra national du Rhin in Mulhouse, in Mussorgsky's ''Boris Godun ...

(born 1962), soprano * Tom Dillmann (born 1989), racing driver *

Artur Dinter Artur Dinter (27 June 1876 – 21 May 1948) was a German writer and Nazi politician who was the ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Thuringia. Biography Dinter was born in Mulhouse, in Alsace-Lorraine, German Empire (now France) to Josef Dinter, a customs ...

(1876–1948), writer and

Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

politician * Dorian Diring (born 1992), footballer * Adrien Dollfus (1858–1921), French zoologist and

carcinologist A carcinologist is a scientist who studies crustaceans or is otherwise involved in carcinology Carcinology is a branch of zoology that consists of the study of crustaceans, a group of arthropods that includes lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, ...

* Jean Dollfus (1800–1887), French industrialist * Jean Dorst (1924–2001), ornithologist * Alfred Dreyfus (1859–1935), French military officer best known for being the focus of the

Dreyfus affair The Dreyfus affair (french: affaire Dreyfus, ) was a political scandal that divided the French Third Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. "L'Affaire", as it is known in French, has come to symbolise modern injustice in the Francop ...

* Huguette Dreyfus (1928–2016), harpsichordist * Léon Ehrhart (1854–1875), composer * Yann Ehrlacher (born 1996), racing driver *

Nusch Éluard Nusch Éluard (born Maria Benz; 21 June 1906 – 28 November 1946) was a French performer, model and surrealist artist. Born Maria Benz in Mulhouse (then part of the German Empire), she met Swiss architect and artist Max Bill in the Odeon Caf ...

(1906–1946), performer, model and surrealist artist * François Florent (born François Eichholtzer, 1937), actor, founder of the

Cours Florent The Cours Florent is a private French drama school in Paris established in 1967 by François Florent. The school is located on three nearby sites in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, France: rue Archereau, rue Mathis, and Avenue Jean-Jaurès; ...

* Georges Friedel (1865–1933), mineralogist, son of

Charles Friedel Charles Friedel (; 12 March 1832 – 20 April 1899) was a French chemist and mineralogist. Life A native of Strasbourg, France, he was a student of Louis Pasteur at the Sorbonne. In 1876, he became a professor of chemistry and mineralogy at ...

Charles Frédéric Girard Charles Frédéric Girard (8 March 1822 – 29 January 1895) was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology. Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, as a student of Louis Agassiz. ...

(1822–1895),

specializing on ichthyology and herpetology *

Jean-Gaspard Heilmann Jean-Gaspard Heilmann (c. 1718 – 27 September 1760) was an 18th-century French painter, author of popular landscapes, historical scenes and fine portraits. He was the first Mulhouse painter who enjoyed a certain notoriety in Paris. Biograph ...

(1718–1760), painter * (1822–1859), photographer * (1898–1964), diplomat * Daniel Jelensperger (1799–1831), musicologist *

Katia and Maurice Krafft Catherine Joséphine "Katia" Krafft (née Conrad; April 17, 1942 – June 3, 1991) and her husband, Maurice Paul Krafft (March 25, 1946 – June 3, 1991), were French volcanologists who died in a pyroclastic flow on Mount Unzen, in Japan, on Ju ...

, volcanologists * Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777), mathematician,

physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...

and

astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either ...

Joffrey Lauvergne Joffrey Lauvergne (born 30 September 1991) is a French professional basketball player for ASVEL of the French LNB Pro A and the EuroLeague.. He was drafted 55th overall by the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2013 NBA draft, who then traded his rights t ...

(born 1991), basketball player *

Friedrich Wilhelm Levi Friedrich Wilhelm Daniel Levi (February 6, 1888 – January 1, 1966) was a German mathematician known for his work in abstract algebra, especially torsion-free abelian groups. He also worked in geometry, topology, set theory, and analysis. Early ...

(1888–1966), mathematician *

François Loeser François Loeser (born August 25, 1958) is a French mathematician. He is Professor of Mathematics at the Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University in Paris. From 2000 to 2010 he was Professor at École Normale Supérieure. Since 2015, he is a senior member ...

(born 1958), mathematician * Paul Meyer (born 1965), clarinetist * Hervé Milazzo (born 1975), professional footballer * Véronique North-Minca (born 1953), diplomat *

Thierry Omeyer Thierry Omeyer (born 2 November 1976) is a retired French handball goalkeeper. A member of the French national team since 1999, he has won all major titles with the team: world champion (five times), European champion (three times) and Olympic ch ...

(born 1976), handball goalkeeper * Marc Pfertzel (born 1981), football player * Rémy Pflimlin (1954–2016), CEO of France Télévisions from 2010 to 2015 * Pierre Probst (1913–2007), comic and children book artist * Napoléon Henri Reber (1807–1880), composer *

Claire Roman Claire Roman (born Claire-Henrietta Emilia Chambaud, 25 March 1906 – 8 August 1941) was a French aviator. In the 1930s she participated in speed races and broke world records for altitude and speed, and completed a long-distance flight to India. ...

(1906–1941), French Air Force pilot in

* Daniel Roth (born 1942), organist, composer and pedagogue *

Franz Eugen Schlachter Franz Eugen Schlachter (28 July 1859 – 12 January 1911) was a revivalist preacher, classical scholar and the translator of the German language Schlachter Bible. He was the son of Joseph Franz Schlachter, a business man from Mühlhausen/Alsac ...

(1859–1911), revivalist preacher, classical scholar, and translator of the

Schlachter Bible The Schlachter-Bibel is a German translation of the Bible by Franz Eugen Schlachter, first translated from the Greek and Hebrew text of the Bible in 1905. Schlachter was a preacher of the Evangelische Gesellschaft in Bern, Switzerland influenced ...

* Christiane Scrivener (born 1925), EU-Commissioner * Daniel Schlumberger (1904–1972), archaeologist and professor of Near Eastern Archaeology at the University of Strasbourg and later

Princeton University Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ...

* (born 1953), writer * Jean Schlumberger (1907–1987), jewelry designer at Tiffany & Co *

René Schützenberger René-Paul Schützenberger (29 July 1860 – 31 December 1916) was a French Post-Impressionist painter. Biography Born in Mulhouse, into an Alsatian family of famous brewers, he was the son of Paul Schützenberger (1829–1897), a Fr ...

(1860–1916), painter * Jules Siegfried born Mulhouse in 1837, industrialist and politician, French Minister of Commerce 1892-3 * Rémy Stricker (1936–2019), musicologist *

Frank Ténot Frank Ténot (31 October 1925 – 8 January 2004) was a press agent, pataphysician and jazz critic. He managed a number of publications over the course of his long association with Daniel Filipacchi. He is best remembered as one of the founders o ...

(1925–2004), press agent, pataphysician and

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...

critic *

Philippe Tondre Philippe Tondre (born in 1989) is a French-British classical oboist. He has served as Principal Oboist of the Philadelphia Orchestra since 2020, and a professor of Oboe at the Curtis Institute of Music since 2022. Early days Born in Mulhouse, Phi ...

(born 1989), oboist * Vitaa (born 1983), singer *

Pierre Weiss Pierre-Ernest Weiss (25 March 1865, Mulhouse – 24 October 1940, Lyon) was a French physicist who specialized in magnetism. He developed the domain theory of ferromagnetism in 1907. Weiss domains and the Weiss magneton are named after him ...

(1865–1940), physicist * Alfred Werner (1866–1919),

Nobel Prize in Chemistry ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "M ...

1913 * Jules Auguste Wiernsberger (1857–1925), composer and conductor * (1887–1951), photographer * Robert Wyler (1900–1971), film producer *

William Wyler William Wyler (; born Willi Wyler (); July 1, 1902 – July 27, 1981) was a Swiss-German-American film director and producer who won the Academy Award for Best Director three times, those being for '' Mrs. Miniver'' (1942), '' The Best Years o ...

(1902–1981), award-winning motion picture director * Jean-Marc Savelli (born at Mulhouse in 1955), a virtuoso concert pianist *

Antar Yahia Antar Yahia ( ar, عنتر يحيى; born 21 March 1982) is a retired professional footballer who played as a centre-back. Yahia is a former French youth international having earned caps for both the under-16 and under-18 youth teams for a brie ...

(born 1982), football player * Georges Zipélius (1808–1890), illustrator Other residents include: *

Adolphe Braun Jean Adolphe Braun (13 June 1812 – 31 December 1877)John Hannavy, Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography', Vol. 1 (Routledge, 2007), pp. 204–205. was a French photographer, best known for his floral still lifes, Parisian street scenes ...

(1812–1877), photographer * Alfred de Glehn (1848–1936), designer of steam locomotives * Armando Thiriet Koenig (1882–1956), industrial engineer, Director of AEG Madrid in 1919, established an AEG subsidiary in Seville in the early 1920s

Twin towns—sister cities

Mulhouse is twinned with: * Walsall, England, since 1953 *

Antwerp Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,

, Belgium, since 1956 * Kassel, Germany, since 1965 * Bergamo, Italy, since 1989 * Chemnitz, Germany, since 1990 * Giv'atayim, Israel, since 1991 * Timișoara, Romania, since 1991 * Jining, China, since 1996

References

Bibliography

External links

* *
Official website of the Tourist Office of Mulhouse and its region

Official website of the Convention Bureau of Mulhouse and its region

The Mulhousian Ferret: High Resolution Video Guide of Mulhouse

MulhouseBienvenue.com City Guide Town of Mulhouse

{{Authority control Cities in France Communes of Haut-Rhin Décapole Associates of the Old Swiss Confederacy Free imperial cities Subprefectures in France