Münchwald
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Münchwald is an ''
Ortsgemeinde Ortsgemeinde may refer to: * Ortsgemeinde (Austria), a type of municipality in Austria * Ortsgemeinde (Germany) A (; plural ) is a low-level administrative division, administrative unit in the Germany, German States of Germany, federal states ...
'' – a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...
belonging to a ''
Verbandsgemeinde A (; plural ) is a low-level administrative division, administrative unit in the Germany, German States of Germany, federal states of Brandenburg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt. A is typically composed of a small group of Municipalitie ...
'', a kind of collective municipality – in the
Bad Kreuznach Bad Kreuznach () is a town in the Bad Kreuznach (district), Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a spa town, known for its medieval bridge dating from around 1300, the Alte Nahebrücke (Bad Kreuznach), Alte Nahebrücke, ...
district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...
in
Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; ; ; ) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are ...
,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Rüdesheim, whose seat is in the municipality of
Rüdesheim an der Nahe Rüdesheim an der Nahe, or simply Rüdesheim, is an '' Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ' ...
. Münchwald is a state-recognized
tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the Commerce, commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. World Tourism Organization, UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as ...
community (''Fremdenverkehrsort''),Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Regionaldaten
/ref> and with a founding date going back only as far as the time around 1700, it is also one of the district's newest municipalities.


Geography


Location

Münchwald lies roughly halfway between
Bad Kreuznach Bad Kreuznach () is a town in the Bad Kreuznach (district), Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a spa town, known for its medieval bridge dating from around 1300, the Alte Nahebrücke (Bad Kreuznach), Alte Nahebrücke, ...
and Simmern, about 20 km from each, in the southern
Hunsrück The Hunsrück () is a long, triangular, pronounced mountain range, upland in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by the valleys of the Moselle (river), Moselle-Saar (north-to-west), the Nahe (south), and the Rhine (east). It is continued ...
, right at the Soonwald on a plateau, some 400 m above
sea level Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an mean, average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal Body of water, bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical ...
.


Land use

As at 31 December 2012, the 1.46 km2 making up Münchwald's municipal area broke down as follows:


Neighbouring municipalities

Clockwise from the north, Münchwald's neighbours are the municipalities of
Spabrücken Spabrücken is a municipality in the district of Bad Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North S ...
, Argenschwang and
Spall Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ba ...
and Gebroth, all of which likewise lie within the Bad Kreuznach district.


Constituent communities

Also belonging to Münchwald are the outlying homesteads of Haus Gräfenbach, Kesselshäuschen and Struthof.


History


The Dadenborn monastic estate

At New Year's 1147, long before there was any village called Münchwald, the
free noble The term ''edelfrei'' or ''hochfrei'' ("free noble" or "free knight") was originally used to designate and distinguish those Germanic noblemen from the Second Estate (see Estates of the realm social hierarchy), who were legally entitled to atone ...
Godebold III of Weierbach promised to take part in a crusade to the
Holy Land The term "Holy Land" is used to collectively denote areas of the Southern Levant that hold great significance in the Abrahamic religions, primarily because of their association with people and events featured in the Bible. It is traditionall ...
. Since he did not keep this promise, he atoned for his sin by donating his estate, an area now within Münchwald's limits, to
Bernard of Clairvaux Bernard of Clairvaux, Cistercians, O.Cist. (; 109020 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, Mysticism, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar, and a major leader in the reform of the Benedictines through the nascent Cistercia ...
, who then passed it on to the
Cistercian The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...
Eberbach Abbey Eberbach Abbey (German: Kloster Eberbach) is a former Cistercian monastery in Eltville in the Rheingau, Germany. On account of its Romanesque architecture, Romanesque and Gothic (architecture), early Gothic buildings it is considered one of the m ...
in the
Rheingau The Rheingau (; ) is a region on the northern side of the Rhine between the German towns of Wiesbaden and Lorch, Hesse, Lorch near Frankfurt, reaching from the Western Taunus to the Rhine. It is situated in the German state of Hesse and is part ...
(the building complex still stands near present-day
Eltville Eltville am Rhein (; from ''Alta Villa'', Latin for "high estate, high town", corrupted to ''Eldeville'', ''Elfeld'' and later Eltville ) is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany. It lies on ...
). From this donation, enlarged by further donations, arose the Dadenborn monastic estate, as described in Eberbach Abbey's directory of holdings, the ''Oculus Memoriae'' (“Eye of Memory”). In 1219, Bishop of
Speyer Speyer (, older spelling ; ; ), historically known in English as Spires, is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in the western part of the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the r ...
Conrad Conrad may refer to: People * Conrad (name) * Saint Conrad (disambiguation) Places United States * Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Iowa, a city * Conrad, Montana, a city * Conrad Glacier, Washington Elsewher ...
acknowledged the Dadenborn monastic estate's freedom from
tithe A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Modern tithes are normally voluntary and paid in money, cash, cheques or v ...
s. Professor Konrad Eckes interpreted the name Dadenborn as ''Dados Brunnen'' (or in
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Culture, language and peoples * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England * ''English'', an Amish ter ...
, “Dado’s
Spring Spring(s) may refer to: Common uses * Spring (season), a season of the year * Spring (device), a mechanical device that stores energy * Spring (hydrology), a natural source of water * Spring (mathematics), a geometric surface in the shape of a he ...
/
Well A well is an excavation or structure created on the earth by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The ...
”). The greatest part of the lands belonging to the monastic estate was wooded, and it had to be cleared by the
monk A monk (; from , ''monachos'', "single, solitary" via Latin ) is a man who is a member of a religious order and lives in a monastery. A monk usually lives his life in prayer and contemplation. The concept is ancient and can be seen in many reli ...
s, lay brethren and other, dependent people. The composition on Münchwald's coat of arms refers to this event. In a 1369 document, the monastic estate was mentioned once again. According to another document, this one handed down by the court at
Spabrücken Spabrücken is a municipality in the district of Bad Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North S ...
, the estate, which Eberbach Abbey had granted as a pledge to the ''Junker'' Ulrich von Leyen, was sometime between 1420 and 1476 given up. On 27 March 1531, Eberbach Abbey sold the Stewards of Worms, called von Dalberg, its forest near Spabrücken at the edge of the Soon, called Dadenborn, with all appurtenances for 1,150 ''Gulden'' in bad money in
Electoral Mainz The Electorate of Mainz ( or '; ), previously known in English as Mentz and by its French name Mayence, was one of the most prestigious and influential states of the Holy Roman Empire. In the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, the Archbishop-Elec ...
currency, with a ''Gulden'' reckoned to be worth 24 ''Albus''. As to just where the monastic estate lay – nothing is now left of it – Jakob Leister gave the following information in a protocol received in 1764 in Trarbach, possibly by the ''
Amtmann __NOTOC__ The ''Amtmann'' or ''Ammann'' (in Switzerland) was an official in German-speaking countries of Europe and in some of the Nordic countries from the time of the Middle Ages whose office was akin to that of a bailiff A bailiff is a ...
'' Fabert:
The district…is called…Münchwald because the monks lived in that very place (NB: The
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
word for “monk” is ''Mönch'') and had their house in the area not far from the spring, where the master (meaning the
knacker A knacker (), knackerman or knacker man is a person who removes and clears animal carcasses (dead, dying, injured) from private farms or public highways and renders the collected carcasses into by-products such as fats, tallow ( yellow gre ...
Roth; today Haus Fetsch) lives, about a stone’s throw therefrom, and it is known to everybody, since the foundations and the stone therefrom are still dug out. This house was in the end wholly in disrepair and the whole thing according to legend passed to the Lords of Dalberg…
As to the question of whether anything more of the old Münchwald was standing, Jakob Leister answered “Yes, at the Steinenberg and the ironworks something was left standing, but was especially hewn out”. Godebold's old estate may not have stood the test of time as a monastic institution, but it did at least establish the locality's, and thus the later village's, name.


Münchwald under the Dalbergs’ lordship

In 1700, the Imperial lordship gave the
blacksmith A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects primarily from wrought iron or steel, but sometimes from #Other metals, other metals, by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. tinsmith). Blacksmiths produce objects such ...
Mathes Hauprich from
Spabrücken Spabrücken is a municipality in the district of Bad Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North S ...
and Jost Klein from
Lingerhahn Lingerhahn is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Hunsrü ...
leave to lay out two estates on the Münchwald. They were allowed to clear and make into cropfields 60 ''
Morgen A Morgen (Mg) is a historical, but still occasionally used, German unit of area used in agriculture. Officially, it is no longer in use, having been supplanted by the hectare. While today it is approximately equivalent to the Prussian ''morgen' ...
'' in the so-called “forest”, which was measured out for them by the hunter and the ''
Schultheiß In medieval Germany, the ''Schultheiß'' () was the head of a municipality (akin to today's office of mayor), a '' Vogt'' or an executive official of the ruler. As official (''villicus'') it was his duty to order his assigned village or county ( ...
'' of Spabrücken and by the surveyor. Furthermore, the meadows named the Phuhlwiese, the Molkenborner Wiese and the Hofackerwiese were to be made into orderly meadows. For building houses, farmsteads, barns and stables, places were set aside for the two men on the ''Rech'' (a steep but short, grassy slope). The buildings were to be arranged “in an orderly fashion and in a straight line”, which even today can still be seen on the village's main street. It was also agreed to grant Schwikert Hermann from Lingerhahn an estate of 30 ''Morgen'' on the Münchwald along with its attendant meadows, and he, too, was to add his house to the straight line. For the land that they had been granted, the settlers enjoyed nine years of freedom before they then had to pay a yearly rental. In 1701, two more men, Leonhard Hessel and Johann Freysem, were allowed to settle in Münchwald along with the three others, and they, too, were granted land that they could clear. In 1723, the families headed by Hermann Leister, Cornelius Bartholome, Anton Hessel, Franz Bauer and Philipp Klein lived in Münchwald. At the 1764 “Renovation”, for which a map was even compiled (a copy can be found at the municipal archive), properties consisted of farmyards, gardens, cropland and meadows in entailed estates held by the following: Even today, using this map and other cadastral surveys, those early settlers’ houses can be identified as ones still standing in the village now. In 1789, Friedrich Franz Karl, Steward of Worms, Baron of and at Dalberg, Electoral Mainz Secret Counsellor, in his capacity as administrator for his cousin Karl Alexander, who held title to the Münchwald together with its estates and the people bound to them, offered Münchwald for sale to the House of
Baden Baden (; ) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine. History The margraves of Ba ...
. One reason for the sale is believed to have been that both parties had their interests in the place, which time and again had led to disputes over each party's rights. Selling Münchwald to Baden would end the continual disagreements. Whatever the grounds, on 30 October 1789, the sale agreement between Friedrich Franz Karl and Margrave Karl Friedrich of Baden was concluded, and Münchwald passed to Baden for a price of 16,000
Rhenish guilder The Rhenish ''gulden'' or Rhenish ''guilder'' (; ) was a gold, standard currency coin of the Rhineland in the 14th and 15th centuries. They weighed between 3.4 and 3.8 grams (). History The Rhenish gold ''gulden'' was created when the Prince- ...
s. On 29 March 1790, representatives of the Badish ''
Amt Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to ...
'' of Winterburg and the Dalberg ''Amt'' of Wallhausen met at
knacker A knacker (), knackerman or knacker man is a person who removes and clears animal carcasses (dead, dying, injured) from private farms or public highways and renders the collected carcasses into by-products such as fats, tallow ( yellow gre ...
Roth's house in Münchwald to discuss implementing the sale agreement. The next day, the dwellers of Münchwald's farms, namely Johannes Müller, Philipp Klein, Thomas Pfälzer, Wilhelm Bartholome, Peter Tullius, Adam and Andreas Roth (the late Johannes Roth's sons), Johannes Pfälzer, Konrad Pfälzer and Peter Müller, had to appear in Winterburg to render homage to the Margrave of Baden. The Margraviate of Baden, though, did not hold Münchwald for very long, for already by the 1790s, French Revolutionary troops had occupied the German lands on the
Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...
’s left bank and incorporated them into the
French State Vichy France (; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established as a result of the French capitulation after the defeat against G ...
. During the time of
Revolutionary A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society. Definition The term—bot ...
and later
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
ic
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rule – the exact date is unknown, but might have been 1804 or 1805 – Münchwald became part of the municipality of
Spall Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ba ...
, or at least documents dealing with Münchwald were issued by the municipality of Spall. Beginning in 1822, the municipality of Spall insisted upon splitting the municipal union, reasoning that Münchwald was set apart from Spall by Spall boundary stones anyway, and that in the event of longstanding ties with Spall, Münchwald villagers would deem themselves entitled to claim rights to Spall’s communal resources.


The Dittenburger, Litter and Roth families of knackers

The
knacker A knacker (), knackerman or knacker man is a person who removes and clears animal carcasses (dead, dying, injured) from private farms or public highways and renders the collected carcasses into by-products such as fats, tallow ( yellow gre ...
Heinrich Dittenburger (also Dillenburger) was sent in 1705 by the joint
Sponheim Sponheim is a municipality in the district of Bad Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate in western Germany. History Sponheim was the capital of the County of Sponheim. Sponheim Abbey There was a Benedictine abbey which was founded in 1101 by Steph ...
government from
Spall Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ba ...
to Münchwald to preserve Sponheim’s rights in Münchwald. He was given the use of a cottage belonging to the Dalberg subjects that had stood empty owing to disagreements between the inhabitants of the ''
Amt Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to ...
'' of Winterburg and the Münchwald villagers. He was to make as much land into cropland as the Dalberg subjects had cleared. Heinrich Dittenburger, however, died in 1707. His
widow A widow (female) or widower (male) is a person whose spouse has Death, died and has usually not remarried. The male form, "widower", is first attested in the 14th century, by the 19th century supplanting "widow" with reference to men. The adjecti ...
Susanna (d. 28 August 1759), married Lorenz Litter (d. 24 June 1758), likewise a knacker, in 1708. He, too, was “forced by the common lordship to remain on the Münchwald to oppose Dalberg intentions as much as possible”. Lorenz Litter had built himself a house by 1727 and had at last set up his estate. Seemingly, the knacker was even accepted over time by the Dalberg lordship, for on 15 March 1730, Franz Eckenbert, Steward of Worms and Baron of Dalberg, awarded him the right to practise the knacker's trade in the Dalberg lordly domain “as long as he lives”, and also the ''Molkenborner Wiese'' (a meadow), although he had to pay for this right. The fee was 10
Rhenish guilder The Rhenish ''gulden'' or Rhenish ''guilder'' (; ) was a gold, standard currency coin of the Rhineland in the 14th and 15th centuries. They weighed between 3.4 and 3.8 grams (). History The Rhenish gold ''gulden'' was created when the Prince- ...
s yearly, to be paid each year at
Martinmas Saint Martin's Day or Martinmas (obsolete: Martlemas), and historically called Old Halloween or All Hallows Eve, is the feast day of Saint Martin of Tours and is celebrated in the liturgical year on 11 November. In the Middle Ages and early mo ...
to the stewardship in Wallhausen. From the Sponheim side, too, Lorenz Litter received a letter of ''Erbbestand'' (a uniquely German landhold arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights are separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany) dated 25 June 1737. On 8 October 1737, the knacker Johannes Roth from
Wesel Wesel () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany. It is the capital of the Wesel (district), Wesel district. Geography Wesel is situated at the confluence of the Lippe River and the Rhine. Division of the city Suburbs of Wesel i ...
wed Anna Maria, Lorenz Litter's daughter, and thus founded the Family Roth, who lived in Münchwald until the early 20th century. The Family Roth also earned great fame as ''Knochenheiler'' (“bone healers”).


The Struthof

Johann Adam Melsheimer, the founder of the House of Struthof, was born in Altendambach near
Schleusingen Schleusingen is a town in the Hildburghausen (district), district of Hildburghausen, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated 10 km north of Hildburghausen, and 12 km southeast of Suhl. Geography The town of Schleusingen in the Henneber ...
in
Thuringia Thuringia (; officially the Free State of Thuringia, ) is one of Germany, Germany's 16 States of Germany, states. With 2.1 million people, it is 12th-largest by population, and with 16,171 square kilometers, it is 11th-largest in area. Er ...
. The Thuringian Melsheimers arose from an old
Palatine A palatine or palatinus (Latin; : ''palatini''; cf. derivative spellings below) is a high-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman Empire, Roman times.
family of foresters who in 1570 were granted a
coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...
by that state. This was renewed in 1668, and since 1939 it has adorned the Struthof. It shows a hunter with a hunting-dog lead and a hunting horn on the
escutcheon Escutcheon may refer to: * Escutcheon (heraldry), a shield or shield-shaped emblem, displaying a coat of arms * Escutcheon (furniture), a metal plate that surrounds a keyhole or lock cylinder on a door * (in medicine) the distribution of pubic ha ...
, and the same figure forms the crest. In line with family tradition, J.A. Melsheimer chose as his future profession forester and hunter. On the Electorate of the Palatinate hunting estate of Bruchhausen near
Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...
he was trained. His first posting was in the
Odenwald The Odenwald () is a low mountain range in the Germany, German states of Hesse, Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. Location The Odenwald is located between the Upper Rhine Plain with the Bergstraße Route, Bergstraße and the ''Hessisches Ried' ...
. Afterwards he came in 1719 as a trained and experienced forester to the '' Oberamt'' of Kreuznach and to the Soon (part of the Hunsrück). It is believed that since he was not from this area, but rather from Electorate of the Palatinate, people called him "the hunter from the Palatinate" (''der Jäger aus Kurpfalz''), and became the subject of the well known folk song " Ein Jäger aus Kurpfalz". In 1722, Johann Adam Melsheimer acquired for 500 Rhenish guilders a parcel of woodland measuring 75 Prussian ''Morgen'' (roughly 19 ha), on one part of which he built his Jägerhof or Försterhof, which he held in ''Erbbestand''. He thus became the founder of the Struthof. This homestead formerly went by both those other names mentioned just above, and also by the name Melsheimerhof. Melsheimer had special rights that he had been granted by the Electorate of the Palatinate court stewardship, and he bequeathed them to his successors. Among these were the right to transfer his office to his son, the right to fetch firewood from the forest and the right to let his livestock graze in the forest. For 38 years Johann Adam Melsheimer lived in the Soon, about which one can still read from a stone tablet at the ''Haus Wingenter Struthof 11'': After Johann Adam Melsheimer's death, his son Conrad Melsheimer inherited his father's estate. He took over the hunter's estate and his father's job. After the Rhineland became
French French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...
, Conrad Melsheimer lost his hereditary job as forester in 1809 and the rights pertaining thereto. The estate, however, remained in the Family Melsheimer's ownership. The heiress to the estate was Conrad Melsheimer's daughter, who married the pharmacist Friedrich Wilhelm Wandesleben from
Sobernheim Bad Sobernheim () is a town in the Bad Kreuznach (district), Bad Kreuznach Districts of Germany, district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Bad Sobernheim (Verbandsgemeinde), like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'', and is also its seat. ...
. She did not live at the Struthof. On 27 May 1830, the now Widow Wandesleben offered her Struthof for sale to the taxation authorities. It is believed, though, that she sold Heinrich Faust the estate, no later than 1832, but he had to leave it, presumably on economic grounds, sometime about 1838. Following him as a tenant was Philipp Mathias, who in 1840 was waging a legal battle with an unnamed owner, and likewise ended up having to give up his rural estate on economic grounds. In that same year, Johann Wingenter acquired the Struthof. Johann Wingenter, born in 1781 in Zemmer near
Trier Trier ( , ; ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves ( , ) and Triers (see also Names of Trier in different languages, names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle (river), Moselle in Germany. It lies in a v ...
, had first moved from the
Eifel The Eifel (; , ) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Com ...
to Gebroth. He was married to Louisa, herself born into the Family Wingenter, and from the
Westerwald The Westerwald (; literally 'Western forest') is a low mountain range on the right bank of the river Rhine in the States of Germany, German federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. It is a part of the Rhenish Ma ...
. Their daughter Louise married Gebroth native Johann Adam Knötgen, from a family of potters who also plied their trade in Münchwald. The next three generations of potters at the Struthof were: *Peter Ignatz Wingenter, b. 1808 *Wilhelm Wingenter, b. 1836 *Johann Wingenter, b. 1877 Johann Wingenter's brother Peter Wingenter founded another pottery shop in Münchwald about 1914, now the property at Dorfstraße 17. Later came Albert Wingenter sen., born in 1922, and Albert Wingenter jun., born in 1953, still works at the potter's trade after six generations.


The municipality of Münchwald, 1822–1945

In 1822, the
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
n
Rhine Province The Rhine Province (), also known as Rhenish Prussia () or synonymous with the Rhineland (), was the westernmost Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, from 1822 to 1946. ...
was created, with the Chief President's seat in
Koblenz Koblenz ( , , ; Moselle Franconian language, Moselle Franconian: ''Kowelenz'') is a German city on the banks of the Rhine (Middle Rhine) and the Moselle, a multinational tributary. Koblenz was established as a Roman Empire, Roman military p ...
and ''
Regierungsbezirk A ' (, 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of sixteen ' (states of Germany) are split into '. Beneath these are rural and urban districts ' (plural, ) serve as regional mid-level local gov ...
e'' headquartered in
Cologne Cologne ( ; ; ) is the largest city of the States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city pr ...
,
Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in the state after Cologne and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants, seventh-largest city ...
,
Aachen Aachen is the List of cities in North Rhine-Westphalia by population, 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants. Aachen is locat ...
, Koblenz and
Trier Trier ( , ; ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves ( , ) and Triers (see also Names of Trier in different languages, names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle (river), Moselle in Germany. It lies in a v ...
. The ''mairies'' (“mayoralties”) that had been set up during French rule were kept, and simply had their terminology Germanized: they would henceforth be known as ''Bürgermeistereien'' (also “mayoralties”). Münchwald thus belonged to the ''Bürgermeisterei'' of Wallhausen in the Kreuznach district. This was administered by a ''Bürgermeister'' (“mayor”) while the individual villages each had a reeve (''Gemeindevorsteher''). This same basic administrative structure persists even today in the ''
Verbandsgemeinde A (; plural ) is a low-level administrative division, administrative unit in the Germany, German States of Germany, federal states of Brandenburg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt. A is typically composed of a small group of Municipalitie ...
''. Münchwald's known reeves are listed in the table below under Mayors. In the 19th century, more families came to settle in Münchwald. The village thus had 81 inhabitants living in 12 houses in 1843. People earned their livelihoods mainly at
agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...
, although there were also forestry workers and day labourers at the Gräfenbacher Hütte (
ironworks An ironworks or iron works is an industrial plant where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made. The term is both singular and plural, i.e. the singular of ''ironworks'' is ''ironworks''. Ironworks succeeded bloome ...
). In the mid 19th century, the family of potters Knötgen settled in Münchwald, as did the Family Wingenter at the Struthof. The official municipal documents and acts from this time make clear over and over the mean circumstances endured by the municipality and its inhabitants. Until the closure of the Gräfenbacher Hütte in 1886 or 1887, the Münchwald-Gräfenbacher Hütte schoolteacher's post was governed by one schoolteacher who taught in the morning at the ironworks and in the afternoon in the village, where school was held in a rented house. In 1888, the new school building could finally be procured, after council had been discussing building one since the 1860s. In 1927, a floor was added to this building. Beginning in 1879, the village's streets were developed bit by bit. In 1906, Münchwald was connected to the
telephone A telephone, colloquially referred to as a phone, is a telecommunications device that enables two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most ...
network; the first telephone is believed to have been installed at the Roth
inn Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accomm ...
. The village had
electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwel ...
as of 1912. The village's water supply came from wells. In 1906, Münchwald council held consultations about building a watermain for the first time. Any plans for such a thing, however, were repeatedly shelved for a lack of financing, and the watermain was not built until 1930-1931. About whatever effects the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
had on Münchwald, little is known for lack of any sources. It is likely that the most noticeable effect on the village was the steady stream of young men who were called into service in the Kaiser's forces. With the end of the war, the monarchy was overthrown and replaced with the
Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German Reich, German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclai ...
, the first semblance of
democracy Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitiv ...
that Germany had ever had. Economic difficulties and the Weimar Republic's weakness made it possible for
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...
and the
Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
to seize power in 1933. The ''
Gleichschaltung The Nazi term (), meaning "synchronization" or "coordination", was the process of Nazification by which Adolf Hitler—leader of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, Germany—established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all ...
'' of all political and social institutions and the permeation of everyday life with the National Socialist mindset was noticeable even in Münchwald. Beginning in 1939, men were being called into the
Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmac ...
to go to war; many of them fell. In memory of those who had fallen in both world wars, a monument was erected in Münchwald in 1959, financed out of private citizens’ donations. In the spring of 1945, the Nahe region was occupied by
American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, p ...
troops, but then later transferred to the
French zone of occupation The French occupation zone in Germany (, ) was one of the Allied-occupied Germany, Allied-occupied areas in Germany after World War II. Background In the aftermath of the Second World War, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph S ...
. American soldiers were also stationed in Münchwald, billeted at, among other places, the ''Haus Christ'' at the Struthof.


Since 1945

After the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, civil administration was reconstituted. All the mayors (''Bürgermeister'') that Münchwald has had since then are listed in the table below under Mayors. In the early 1950s, the
chapel A chapel (from , a diminutive of ''cappa'', meaning "little cape") is a Christianity, Christian place of prayer and worship that is usually relatively small. The term has several meanings. First, smaller spaces inside a church that have their o ...
-building club was founded under then schoolteacher Dr. Konrad Eckes's leadership. It built Saint Conrad's Chapel (''Kapelle St. Konrad''), which was financed through donations, and which was named after its patron, Saint Conrad of Parzham. The consecration was celebrated on 29 August 1954. In 1968, the municipality built a mortuary at the graveyard, again financing it through donations. In 1950, the municipality took over all financial repayment obligations from the Münchwald Watermain Collective that it had incurred through the actual building of the watermain in 1930. This also brought the watermain under the municipality's ownership. In late 1960, municipal council passed a bylaw dealing with the village's connection to the public waterworks and water contributions thereto. Council made a decision to procure and install water meters and put it into action in 1963. Since Münchwald was always struggling with a dearth of water, it was decided to dig a deep-bore well. This was successful, and the waterworks were improved in 1967 with a newly built high-level water cistern. Also after the Second World War, a shift in structure set in, at first only in fits and starts. While many people in Münchwald still earned their livelihoods in farming, others had already found other earning opportunities at the industrial works in
Bad Kreuznach Bad Kreuznach () is a town in the Bad Kreuznach (district), Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a spa town, known for its medieval bridge dating from around 1300, the Alte Nahebrücke (Bad Kreuznach), Alte Nahebrücke, ...
. After Adam Hart had opened his tourist
pension A pension (; ) is a fund into which amounts are paid regularly during an individual's working career, and from which periodic payments are made to support the person's retirement from work. A pension may be either a " defined benefit plan", wh ...
at the Struthof as early as 1932 or 1933,
tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the Commerce, commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. World Tourism Organization, UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as ...
began to become a significant economic factor in Münchwald beginning in the 1960s. Also rising alongside the existing pottery craft were other crafts and, especially in the 1980s and 1990s, there came new businesses in the
service sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the ...
. At the same time, there was also a shift towards becoming a residential community. Today, many villagers drive to work in the
Frankfurt Rhine-Main The Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, often simply referred to as Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt Rhine-Main area or Rhine-Main area (German: ''Rhein-Main-Gebiet'', ''Frankfurt/Rhein-Main'' or ''FrankfurtRheinMain'', abbreviated FRM), is the third-l ...
region. The structural shift also led to there being no more grocery shop in Münchwald. Such shops had been run after the First World War by Ottilie Tullius, then beginning in 1920 by Friedrich Kessel, in 1930 by the Family Lauterbach, and then by the Family Bamberger. Finally, from 1968 to 1979, the Family Knötgen ran one. Ever since, there have been no shops at all in Münchwald. In 1966, the
school A school is the educational institution (and, in the case of in-person learning, the Educational architecture, building) designed to provide learning environments for the teaching of students, usually under the direction of teachers. Most co ...
in Münchwald was dissolved. Ever since, the schoolchildren have had to attend the
primary school A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore), elementary school, or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ...
and
Hauptschule A ''Hauptschule'' (, "general school") is a secondary school in Germany, starting after four years of elementary schooling (''Grundschule''), which offers Lower Secondary Education (Level 2) according to the International Standard Classification ...
in Wallhausen, and any higher schools are to be had in Bad Kreuznach and
Hargesheim Hargesheim is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Rüdesheim, ...
. The schoolhouse was wholly at the municipality's disposal. Temporarily, the schoolroom was converted into a dwelling and, like the teacher's former dwelling upstairs, was let. After the tenant on the ground floor moved out in 1992, the municipality built the old schoolroom into a community hall with seating for 55, which is now used for festive events and as a conference room. For bigger events and for the sport association's exercise sessions, there is the Hubertus-Halle, built in 1979, a former school pavilion belonging to the '' Alfred-Delp-Schule
Hargesheim Hargesheim is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Rüdesheim, ...
''. Münchwald's rising attractiveness as a residential community was accommodated by the opening of the Frauenwald new building zone in 1969. Another new building zone called Münchheide opened in 1983. It begins at Soonwaldstraße and ends down from the Struthof, thus also affording a road link between Münchwald (main centre) and the outlying Struthof. It was decided in 1999 to expand Münchheide by 9 lots after the zone had been all but filled. The expansion is called Münchheide II. From 1965 to 1970, Münchwald repeatedly participated in the contest ''Unser Dorf soll schöner werden'' (“Our village should become lovelier”), and even won a gold badge at the 1970 state-level competition. In 2000, the municipality of Münchwald celebrated its 300th anniversary.


Population development

Münchwald's population development since
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
ic times is shown in the table below. The figures for the years from 1871 to 1987 are drawn from census data:


Religion

As at 30 November 2013, there are 300 full-time residents in Münchwald, and of those, 80 are
Evangelical Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, interdenominational movement within Protestantism, Protestant Christianity that emphasizes evangelism, or the preaching and spreading of th ...
(26.667%), 135 are
Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
(45%), 1 is
Russian Orthodox The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ...
(0.333%), 3 (1%) belong to other religious groups and 81 (27%) either have no religion or will not reveal their religious affiliation.


Politics


Municipal council

The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by
proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) amon ...
at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The eight seats are shared between two voters’ groups.


Mayors

The following table lists Münchwald's known reeves (''Vorsteher'' or ''Gemeindevorsteher'') and mayors (''Bürgermeister''): The reeves headed the village at a time when Münchwald was grouped into a ''Bürgermeisterei'' (“mayoralty”), which had a mayor for several villages and a ''Vorsteher'' (reeve) in each constituent village.


Coat of arms

The German blazon reads: ''In schwarzem Schild eine goldene Tanne, neben der ein Mönch mit einer Rodehacke steht.'' The municipality's
arms Arms or ARMS may refer to: *Arm or arms, the upper limbs of the body Arm, Arms, or ARMS may also refer to: People * Ida A. T. Arms (1856–1931), American missionary-educator, temperance leader Coat of arms or weapons *Armaments or weapons **Fi ...
might in English
heraldic Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branc ...
language be described thus: Sable dexter a fir tree Or and sinister a monk passant holding in his dexter hand a clearing hoe resting on his dexter shoulder argent, the whole with a bordure compony gules and argent. The German blazon makes no mention of the
bordure In heraldry, a bordure is a band of contrasting tincture forming a border around the edge of a shield, traditionally one-sixth as wide as the shield itself. It is sometimes reckoned as an ordinary and sometimes as a subordinary. A bordure encl ...
, nor of the monk's
tincture A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Solvent concentrations of 25–60% are common, but may run as high as 90%.Groot Handboek Geneeskrachtige Planten by Geert Verhelst In chemistr ...
. The charges in the arms refer to the clearing of the forest by the monks from the
Cistercian The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...
monastery, Eberbach Abbey, who established a monastic estate in the Münchwald area called Dadenborn about 1200. The tinctures Or and sable (gold and black) symbolize the Lordship of Dalberg, while the tinctures gules and argent (red and silver) in the bordure stand for the
County of Sponheim The County of Sponheim (, former spelling: Spanheim, Spanheym) was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire that lasted from the 11th century until the early 19th century. The name comes from the municipality of Sponheim, where the cou ...
. The arms were introduced in this form upon municipal council's decision on 23 February 1948, later receiving approval from the
Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; ; ; ) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are ...
Ministry of the Interior on 4 April 1950.


Culture and sightseeing


Buildings

The following are listed buildings or sites in
Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; ; ; ) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are ...
’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Dorfstraße 1 – former monastic estate of Eberbach Abbey; groin-vaulted livestock stable, possibly from the mid 19th century * Dorfstraße 2 – estate complex along the street; stately
timber-frame Timber framing () and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs. If the struc ...
house, partly solid, about 1800 * Dorfstraße 2a – post-Baroque house, marked 1806, barn, partly timber-frame, 18th century * Near Im Wiesengrund 1 – quarrystone wall remnants,
mediaeval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and t ...
(?) File:Münchwald01.jpg, Municipal hall in the historic village centre File:Münchwald02.jpg,
Chapel A chapel (from , a diminutive of ''cappa'', meaning "little cape") is a Christianity, Christian place of prayer and worship that is usually relatively small. The term has several meanings. First, smaller spaces inside a church that have their o ...
File:Münchwald03.jpg, Traditional timber-frame house


Clubs

The following clubs are active in Münchwald: *''Freiwillige Feuerwehr'' — volunteer
fire brigade A fire department (North American English) or fire brigade (Commonwealth English), also known as a fire company, fire authority, fire district, fire and rescue, or fire service in some areas, is an organization that provides fire prevention and ...
*''Freunde der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr Münchwald e.V.'' — friends of the volunteer fire brigade *''Sportgemeinschaft Münchwald e.V.'' — sport association *''Volksbildungswerk Münchwald'' — “people’s education”


Economy and infrastructure


Transport

Meeting in Münchwald are ''
Kreisstraße A Kreisstraße (, or 'county road') is a class of road in Germany. It carries traffic between the towns and villages within a ''Districts of Germany, Kreis'' or district or between two neighbouring districts. In importance, the ''Kreisstraße'' ...
n'' 28 and 29, while ''
Landesstraße ''Landesstraßen'' (singular: ''Landesstraße'' ) are roads in Germany and Austria that are, as a rule, the responsibility of the respective German or Austrian federal state. The term may therefore be translated as "state road". They are road ...
n'' 230 and 239 skirt the village. Münchwald lies roughly equidistant between ''
Bundesstraße ''Bundesstraße'' (, ), abbreviated ''B'', is the denotation for German and Austrian national highways. Germany Germany's ''Bundesstraßen'' network has a total length of about 40,000 km. German ''Bundesstraßen'' are labelled with re ...
n'' 41 (nearest
interchange Interchange may refer to: Transport * Interchange (road), a collection of ramps, exits, and entrances between two or more highways * Interchange (freight rail), the transfer of freight cars between railroad companies * Interchange station, a rai ...
at Waldböckelheim) and 50 (nearest interchange at
Argenthal Argenthal is an '' Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Simmern ...
), with each highway some 10 km away. The nearest
Autobahn The (; German , ) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. The official term is (abbreviated ''BAB''), which translates as 'federal motorway'. The literal meaning of the word is 'Federal Auto(mobile) Track'. Much of t ...
interchange, onto the Autobahn A 61 (
Koblenz Koblenz ( , , ; Moselle Franconian language, Moselle Franconian: ''Kowelenz'') is a German city on the banks of the Rhine (Middle Rhine) and the Moselle, a multinational tributary. Koblenz was established as a Roman Empire, Roman military p ...
Ludwigshafen Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (; meaning "Ludwig I of Bavaria, Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German dialects, Palatine German: ''Ludwichshafe''), is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in the German state of Rh ...
) is at Stromberg. Also serving Waldböckelheim is a
railway station Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in railway track, tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel railway track, rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of ...
on the
Nahe Valley Railway The Nahe Valley Railway () is a two-track, partially electrified main line railway in the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, which runs for almost 100 kilometres along the Nahe (Rhine), Nahe. It was built by the Rhine-Nahe Railway ...
( Bingen
Saarbrücken Saarbrücken (; Rhenish Franconian: ''Sabrigge'' ; ; ; ; ) is the capital and largest List of cities and towns in Germany, city of the state of Saarland, Germany. Saarbrücken has 181,959 inhabitants and is Saarland's administrative, commerci ...
).


Famous people


Famous people associated with the municipality town

* Johann Adam Melsheimer (1683–1757), a forester and hunter born in
Thuringia Thuringia (; officially the Free State of Thuringia, ) is one of Germany, Germany's 16 States of Germany, states. With 2.1 million people, it is 12th-largest by population, and with 16,171 square kilometers, it is 11th-largest in area. Er ...
(see The Struthof above), a real-life model for the ''Jäger aus Kurpfalz'' (“Hunter from the
Electoral Palatinate The Electoral Palatinate was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire until it was annexed by the Electorate of Baden in 1803. From the end of the 13th century, its ruler was one of the Prince-electors who elected the Holy Roman Empero ...
”, the subject of a well known folksong)


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Munchwald Bad Kreuznach (district)