''Mérope'' (original French title: ''La Mérope Française'') is a tragedy in five acts by

Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778) was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher. Known by his '' nom de plume'' M. de Voltaire (; also ; ), he was famous for his wit, and his criticism of Christianity—es ...

. The text is a reworking by Voltaire of the Italian tragedy ''Merope'' (1713) by Scipione Maffei, dating from 1736/1737. The play premiered in 1743 and first appeared in print in 1744.

Background

Scipione Maffei worked the classical story into his tragedy ' in 1713. Voltaire met Maffei in Paris in 1733 and secured his agreement that it should be adapted into a French tragedy.Siegfried Detemple: ''Die Französische Merope, in: Voltaire: Die Werke. Katalog zum 300. Geburtstag.'' Reichert, Wiesbaden 1994, S. 71. Voltaire decided to premiere it only after the staging of his tragedy Mahomet, although he had completed work on it in 1737.

Action

The action takes place at the court of Messene. The queen dowager Merope, mourning her murdered husband Cresphonte regards the newcomer Egisthe as responsible for the murder of her son, when in fact he is her long-lost son. He presents himself at court and eventually deposes and kills the tyrannical usurper Polyphonte, who had killed his father. Egisthe then installs Mérope as queen.

Performance and critical reception

The play was put on at the

Comédie-Française The Comédie-Française () or Théâtre-Français () is one of the few state theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real ...

. After the premiere the audience called Voltaire onto the stage in front of the curtain - the first time this had ever happened in the history of French theatre. With 29 subsequent performances the play was a great success. It was also a commercial success, with receipts exceeding those of any previous play by Voltaire. ''Merope'' was revived in February and March the following year, attracting even larger audiences.

Printed editions

The first printed edition of the play was ''La Mérope Française, avec quelques petites pièces de Litterature'', Paris, Chez Prault fils, Libraire, Quai de Conty, vis-à-vis la descente du Pont-Neuf, à la Charitè, M. DCC. XLIV, 8°, XXIV (II), 116 (II), 16 S. When the play was printed Voltaire added a preface, ''Avis au lecteur'', in which he warned against pirate editions, and a letter of dedication to Scipione Maffei. The subtitle ''Pièces fugitives de littérature'' indicated that a number of other works were published together with the tragedy: ''Lettre sur l'esprit'', ''Nouvelles considérations sur l'histoire'' and ''Lettre à M. Norberg, chapelain du roy de Suède Charles XII, auteur de l`histoire de ce monarque''. ''Mérope'' was adapted into English by Aaron Hill, who also translated other works by Voltaire, ''Zara'' (''Zaire'') and ''Alzira '' (''Alzire'') for the London stage. Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter translated the play into German in 1774.

References

External links

Literature on ''La Mérope Française'', Société des Etudes VoltairiennesThe Cultural Politics of Translation: The Case of Voltaire’s Mérope and Scipione Maffei’s Merope
{{authority control Plays by Voltaire Tragedy plays 1743 in France 1740s plays