''Mysis'' is a genus of

mysid Mysida is an order of small, shrimp-like crustaceans in the malacostracan superorder Peracarida. Their common name opossum shrimps stems from the presence of a brood pouch or "marsupium" in females. The fact that the larvae are reared in thi ...

crustacean Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...

s in the family

Mysidae Mysidae is the largest family of crustaceans in the order Mysida, with over 1000 species in around 170 genera. Characteristics Members of the family Mysidae are distinguished from other mysids by the fact that the first pereopod (walking leg) h ...

, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the

Arctic The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( ...

and high

boreal Boreal, northern, of the north. Derived from the name of the god of the north wind from Ancient Greek civilisation, Boreas (god), Boreas. It may also refer to: Climatology and geography *Boreal (age), the first climatic phase of the Blytt-Sernand ...

seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the List of lakes by area, world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, ...

. Fifteen species are recognized. Body lengths range from . The freshwater taxa of the genus have been referred to as "

glacial relict A glacial relict is a population of a species that was common in the Northern Hemisphere prior to the onset of glaciation in the late Tertiary that was forced by climate change to retreat into refugia when continental ice sheets advanced. They ar ...

s", and they comprise four closely related species, most of which also live in brackish water. ''

Mysis relicta ''Mysis relicta'' is a shrimp-like crustacean in the Mysida order, native to lakes of Northern Europe and to the brackish Baltic Sea. Appearance Mysis is a small, transparent shrimp-like crustacean, of less than 2.5 cm length. It has two p ...

'' is a freshwater species from boreal lakes of

Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other ge ...

, also present in the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...

. ''Mysis salemaai'' is another North European and Baltic Sea taxon. ''Mysis segerstralei'' is a fresh- and brackish-water species of the Eurasian and North American Arctic and sub-Arctic. The North American lakes, including the

Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes spanning the Canada–United States border. The five lakes are Lake Superior, Superior, Lake Michigan, Michigan, Lake Huron, H ...

, are inhabited by ''

Mysis diluviana ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

''. Various species of Mysis are found in lakes of the

South Swedish highlands 300px, Aerial view of farms and forest in Ydre Municipality. 250px, The forested landscape of the South Swedish highlands, seen from Eksjö_Municipality.html" ;"title="Skuruhatt in Eksjö Municipality">Skuruhatt in Eksjö Municipality. The Sout ...

, like Lake Sommen, that were never connected to the sea or the

Baltic Ice Lake The Baltic Ice Lake is a name given by geologists to a freshwater lake that evolved in the Baltic Sea basin as glaciers retreated from that region at the end of the last ice age. The lake's existence was first understood in 1894. The lake existe ...

. This have led to theories that claim a natural lock system existed in the area during the

Younger Dryas The Younger Dryas (YD, Greenland Stadial GS-1) was a period in Earth's geologic history that occurred circa 12,900 to 11,700 years Before Present (BP). It is primarily known for the sudden or "abrupt" cooling in the Northern Hemisphere, when the ...

. Four endemic species inhabit the

. They have specialized and adapted to the cold, deepwater habitats of the landlocked basin. For example, the bathyal ''M. amblyops'', the smallest mysid in the genus, has reduced eyes. Four species also have circum-arctic distributions (''M. oculata'', ''M. nordenskioldi'', ''M. segerstralei'', ''M. polaris''). Generic characters: frontal margin of

carapace A carapace is a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tortoises, the unde ...

convex, angular; antennal scale with setae around all margins, segment 2 of maxilla 2 palp large, axe-shaped, with strong serrated spine-setae; pereiopods long, carpopropodus 7–9-segmented; male pleopod 4 5-segmented, segment 4 as long as segment 3;

telson The telson () is the hindmost division of the body of an arthropod. Depending on the definition, the telson is either considered to be the final segment (biology), segment of the arthropod body, or an additional division that is not a true segm ...

with cleft.

Species

*''

Mysis amblyops ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

'' G. O. Sars, 1907 *''

Mysis caspia ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

'' G. O. Sars, 1895 *''

'' Audzijonytė & Väinölä, 2005 *''

Mysis gaspensis ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

'' O. Tattersall, 1954 *''

Mysis litoralis ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

'' (Banner, 1948) *''

Mysis macrolepis ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

'' G. O. Sars, 1907 *''

Mysis microphthalma ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

'' G. O. Sars, 1895 *'' Mysis mixta'' Lilljeborg, 1853 *'' Mysis nordenskioldi'' Audzijonytė & Väinölä, 2007 *'' Mysis oculata'' (Fabricius, 1780) *''

Mysis polaris ''Mysis'' is a genus of Mysida, mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal ecosystem, boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian ...

'' Holmquist, 1859) *''

'' Lovén, 1862 *'' Mysis salemaai'' Audzijonytė & Väinölä, 2005 *'' Mysis segerstralei'' Audzijonytė & Väinölä, 2005 *'' Mysis stenolepis'' Smith, 1873

References

{{Authority control Mysida