(; singular: , ; literally "Egyptianized")

Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic ''A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'' (originally published in German language, German as 'Arabic dictionary for the contemporary written language'), also published in English as ''The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', is a tra ...

, p. 1070] refers to what Egyptians saw as foreigners to Egypt, primarily during the 19th and 20th centuries. While many Egyptians saw Mutamaṣṣirūn as Europeans residing and/or naturalization, naturalized in

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

, the community had diverse origins that consisted of

Greeks Greeks or Hellenes (; , ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Greek Cypriots, Cyprus, Greeks in Albania, southern Albania, Greeks in Turkey#History, Anatolia, parts of Greeks in Italy, Italy and Egyptian Greeks, Egypt, and to a l ...

Italians Italians (, ) are a European peoples, European ethnic group native to the Italian geographical region. Italians share a common Italian culture, culture, History of Italy, history, Cultural heritage, ancestry and Italian language, language. ...

Jews Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

Armenians Armenians (, ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.Robert Hewsen, Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiq ...

and

Maltese Maltese may refer to: * Someone or something of, from, or related to Malta * Maltese alphabet * Maltese cuisine * Maltese culture * Maltese language, the Semitic language spoken by Maltese people * Maltese people, people from Malta or of Maltese ...

. The Mutamassirun community was first established in Egypt in the early 19th century, following the French campaign and

Muhammad Ali's seizure of power Muhammad Ali rose to power in Egypt following a long, four-way civil war between the Ottoman Empire, "Egyptian" Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian mercenaries in the service of the Ottomans. The conflict ended in victory f ...

. From the early 20th century they became an important component of Egyptian society, and despite their diversity were usually viewed as a homogeneous group by

Egyptian nationalists ''Egyptian'' describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of yea ...

. The populations that carried British or French nationality were expelled in the 1950s in retaliation for the

Suez Crisis The Suez Crisis, also known as the Second Arab–Israeli War, the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956. Israel invaded on 29 October, having done so w ...

. Around 6,000–60,000 ethnic Greeks and 3,000 ethnic Italians, descendants of their Mutamassirun ancestors, remain in Egypt today but changed their nationality to Egyptian.

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References

{{authority control European diaspora in Egypt Social history of Egypt Jewish Egyptian history *

See also

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References