Mustafa Yamulki (25 January 1866 – 25 May 1936), also known as "Nemrud" Mustafa Pasha, was a Ottoman - Kurdish military officer, chairman of the Ottoman military court, minister for education in the

Kingdom of Kurdistan The Kingdom of Kurdistan was a short-lived and self-proclaimed Kurdish state declared in the city of Sulaymaniyah following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. It lasted from September 1921 until July 1925. Officially, the territory involved ...

and a journalist. Mustafa was born in the city of

Sulaimaniyah Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (; ), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar (Ezmer), Goizha (Goyje) and Qaiwan (Qeywan) Mountains in the northeast, Barana ...

which was then in the Mosul Vilayet of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

Early life

Mustafa was born into an old landowning

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern ...

family from

Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (; ), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar (Ezmer), Goizha (Goyje) and Qaiwan (Qeywan) Mountains in the northeast, Bara ...

. Mustafa attended the Ottoman Military Academy at Constantinople (present-day

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

). He was from the powerful Bilbaz Kurdish tribe.

Political career

After the defeat of the

in the

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, he was appointed the head of the Turkish courts-martial on the 18 April 1920. As chairman of the Court, which was also called the "war tribunal of Nemrut Mustafa", he condemned

Mustafa Kemal Mustafa () is one of the names of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is a common name in the Muslim world. Given name Moustafa * Moustafa A ...

to death in absentia along with other of his associates. The warrant was also signed by Ali Kemal, Damad Ferid and the Sultan Vahdettin. Mustafa also sentenced Ebubekir Hazim (Tepeyran), the Minister of the Interior for aiding the

Turkish nationalists Turkish nationalism () is nationalism among the people of Turkey and individuals whose national identity is Turkish. Turkish nationalism consists of political and social movements and sentiments prompted by a love for Turkish culture, Turkish ...

. He was dismissed from this office in June. Mustafa stated, Later, Mustafa was arrested and sentenced to 7 months in prison. However, he was pardoned by Sultan

Mehmed VI Mehmed VI Vahideddin ( ''Meḥmed-i sâdis'' or ''Vaḥîdü'd-Dîn''; or /; 14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926), also known as ''Şahbaba'' () among the Osmanoğlu family, was the last sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the penultimate Ottoman Cal ...

in February 1921. In June 1921 he left

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

for

Mandatory Iraq The Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration, or Mandatory Iraq (), was created in 1921, following the 1920 Iraqi Revolution against the proposed British Mandate of Mesopotamia, and enacted via the 1922 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty and a 1924 un ...

and went on to live in his hometown of

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

. His brother-in-law Izzet Bey was the former governor of the

Van Vilayet The Vilayet of Van (; ) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had a population of about 400,000 and an area of .Van Vilayet was one of the six Armenian vila ...

and Minister of the Pious foundations under the cabinet of

Ahmet Tevfik Pasha Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (‎; 11 February 1843 – 8 October 1936), later Ahmet Tevfik Okday after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934, was an Ottoman diplomat and statesman of Crimean Tatar origin. He was the last grand vizier of the Ottoman Empir ...

. Mustafa's son was Abdul Aziz Yamulki, the chief plotter of coup d'état against the Bakir Sidqi government.

Posts Held

* vice-governor of Bursa * Education minister of the Kingdom of Kurdistan

References

External links

Yamulki
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yamolky, Musatafa 1866 births 1936 deaths People from Sulaymaniyah Ottoman Military Academy alumni Ottoman Army officers Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars Ottoman military personnel of World War I Kurdish people from the Ottoman Empire Turkish Kurdish politicians Pashas Kingdom of Kurdistan Witnesses of the Armenian genocide Prisoners and detainees of Turkey