Murray Campbell
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Murray Campbell is a
Canadian Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being ''C ...
computer scientist A computer scientist is a scientist who specializes in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation. Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on ...
known for being part of the team that created Deep Blue; the first computer to defeat a
world chess champion The World Chess Championship is played to determine the world champion in chess. The current world champion is Gukesh Dommaraju, who defeated the previous champion Ding Liren in the World Chess Championship 2024, 2024 World Chess Championship. ...
.


Career


Chess computing

Around 1986, he and other students at Carnegie Mellon began working on Chip Test, a chess computer. He was then a member of the teams that developed chess machines:
HiTech HiTech, also referred to as Hitech, is a computer chess, chess machine built at Carnegie Mellon University under the direction of World Correspondence Chess Champion Hans J. Berliner. Members of the team working on HiTech included Berliner, Murra ...
and a project to culminate in Deep Blue. Murray Campbell worked on Deep Thought at
Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The institution was established in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools. In 1912, it became the Carnegie Institu ...
. Deep Thought was a side project, and caught the attention of
IBM International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and present in over 175 countries. It is ...
. He afterwards joined IBM's team for Deep Blue, with ''
Scientific American ''Scientific American'', informally abbreviated ''SciAm'' or sometimes ''SA'', is an American popular science magazine. Many scientists, including Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla, have contributed articles to it, with more than 150 Nobel Pri ...
'' describing him as the IBM team's best chess player in 1996. He started working on Deep Blue in 1989, he served as the AI expert. In the match where Deep Blue beat world chess champion
Garry Kasparov Garry Kimovich Kasparov (born Garik Kimovich Weinstein on 13 April 1963) is a Russian Grandmaster (chess), chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion (1985–2000), political activist and writer. His peak FIDE chess Elo rating system, ra ...
, in February 1997, Murray was there as an IBM computer scientist, and he moved the pieces as instructed by the computer program. Deep Blue in that match became the first computer to defeat the reigning world
chess Chess is a board game for two players. It is an abstract strategy game that involves Perfect information, no hidden information and no elements of game of chance, chance. It is played on a square chessboard, board consisting of 64 squares arran ...
champion. Kasparov had won an earlier match the previous year. (Based on text taken from a newsletter by Mike Oettel, of the Shriver Center at UMBC.) In 1997, IBM turned down Kasparov's request for a rematch with Deep Blue, with the researchers moving on to other research areas, such as
IBM Watson IBM Watson is a computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language. It was developed as a part of IBM's DeepQA project by a research team, led by principal investigator David Ferrucci. Watson was named after IBM's fou ...
. Campbell visited UMBC for a speech called "IBM's Deep Blue: Ten Years After" on February 5, 2007.


IBM

In 2012, he was a Senior Manager in the Business Analytics and Mathematical Sciences Department at the
IBM International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and present in over 175 countries. It is ...
Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, USA. In March 2016, he continued to serve as a scientist for IBM, as a senior manager in IBM's Cognitive Computing division, which handles the Watson AI platform. Campbell has been involved in surveillance projects related to petroleum production, disease outbreak, and financial data. In 2017, he was a research staff member in the AI Foundations group within IBM T.J. Watson Research Center's Cognitive Computing organization.


Personal life

Campbell himself played chess at near National Master strength in Canada during his student days, but has not played competitively for more than 20 years. His peak
Elo rating The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in zero-sum games such as chess or esports. It is named after its creator Arpad Elo, a Hungarian-American chess master and physics professor. The Elo system wa ...
was around 2200.


Honors and awards

In the North American Computer Chess Championship, he was a member of winning teams in 1985 (
HiTech HiTech, also referred to as Hitech, is a computer chess, chess machine built at Carnegie Mellon University under the direction of World Correspondence Chess Champion Hans J. Berliner. Members of the team working on HiTech included Berliner, Murra ...
), 1987 ( ChipTest), 1988 ( Deep Thought), 1989 (
HiTech HiTech, also referred to as Hitech, is a computer chess, chess machine built at Carnegie Mellon University under the direction of World Correspondence Chess Champion Hans J. Berliner. Members of the team working on HiTech included Berliner, Murra ...
and Deep Thought), 1990 ( Deep Thought), 1991 ( Deep Thought) and 1994 ( Deep Thought). He won the 1989 World Computer Chess Championship as part of the winning team ( Deep Thought). Campbell shared the $100,000 Fredkin Prize with Feng-hsiung Hsu and A. Joseph Hoane Jr. in 1997. The prize was awarded for developing the first computer ( Deep Blue) to defeat a reigning world chess champion in a match. Campbell received the Allen Newell Research Excellence Medal in 1997, which cited his contributions to Deep Blue (first computer to defeat a world chess champion), Deep Thought (first Grandmaster level computer) and
HiTech HiTech, also referred to as Hitech, is a computer chess, chess machine built at Carnegie Mellon University under the direction of World Correspondence Chess Champion Hans J. Berliner. Members of the team working on HiTech included Berliner, Murra ...
(first Senior Master level computer). Campbell was elected Fellow of the
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is an international Learned society, scientific society devoted to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence. AAAI also aims to increase public under ...
in 2012 for "significant contributions to computer game-playing, especially chess, and the associated improvement in public awareness of the AI endeavor."


References


External links


Home page at IBM Research
{{DEFAULTSORT:Campbell, Murray IBM employees Canadian computer scientists American computer scientists Canadian chess players Computer chess people University of Alberta alumni Carnegie Mellon University alumni Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence