Assyrian_cuneiform_U1203E_or_U12369_MesZL_548_or_U12451_MesZL_549

— (Right part of sign) — (Left part of sign) ---- Mur (cuneiform), and Har (cuneiform), most common uses in

Epic of Gilgamesh The ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' () is an epic poetry, epic from ancient Mesopotamia. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian language, Sumerian poems about Gilgamesh (formerly read as Sumerian "Bilgames"), king of Uruk, some of ...

; also Hur (cuneiform) ---- B046ellst

The

cuneiform Cuneiform is a Logogram, logo-Syllabary, syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. Cuneiform script ...

sign mur, (also the har, hur, hír sign), is a common-use sign of the Amarna letters, the ''

,'' and other cuneiform texts (for example Hittite texts). Linguistically, it has the alphabetical usage, for consonants in texts for ''h'', ''r'', or ''m'', and also a replacement for the four vowels of ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', or ''u''. The sign can also be used syllabically for the ''h-r'' variants, or for ''mur'' (used especially for Akkadian amāru, for "to see"), and an example letter of the Amarna letters being

Amarna letter EA 289 Amarna letter EA 289, titled: ''"A Reckoning Demanded,"''William L. Moran, Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 289, ''A Reckoning Demanded'', p. 332-333. is a moderately tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximate ...

''Epic of Gilgamesh'' usage

The ''mur'' sign usage in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' is as follows: (''har'', 40 times, ''hír'', 1 time, ''hur'', 18 times, and mur, 27 times. And for the

logogram In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek 'word', and 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme. Chine ...

HUR, 2 times.

Jerusalem scribe usage, EA 287, EA 288, EA 289

The

Jerusalem scribe Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...

used mur (cuneiform) in EA 287-289. The usage is an exclamatory, at sentence starts (an

interjection An interjection is a word or expression that occurs as an utterance on its own and expresses a spontaneous feeling, situation or reaction. It is a diverse category, with many different types, such as exclamations ''(ouch!'', ''wow!''), curses (''da ...

). The spelling in the

Akkadian language Akkadian ( ; )John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages''. Ed. Roger D. Woodard (2004, Cambridge) Pages 218–280 was an East Semitic language that is attested ...

, for the scribe is ''

a (cuneiform) The cuneiform sign 𒀀 ( DIŠ, DIŠ OVER DIŠ) for a, and in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' the sumerogram A, Akkadian for ''mû'', "water", which is used in the ''Gilgamesh flood myth'', Chapter XI of the Epic, or other passages. The sign is ...

-(mur (cuneiform))'', as the Akkadian word being referenced as an "Exclamation", and is "Amāru–!", (for "to see"), and in the

English language English is a West Germanic language that developed in early medieval England and has since become a English as a lingua franca, global lingua franca. The namesake of the language is the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples th ...

is approximately — "Look (here)–!". In some cases, like EA 288, the

uses it two lines apart, lines 41 and 43, of the letter ''Reverse''. The lines: (EA 288, ''Reverse'') 41. a-mur ^{1=diš

Diš is a cuneiform sign represented by 𒁹 or . It has many uses in cuneiform texts, including in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''.
Description
𒁹 is a cuneiform sign. In Unicode, it is represented by U+12079 (DISH)
Use of the vertical sign
In t ...}tu-ur-ba-zu gaz(GAZ^#) d ₄-k-(dâku) ___ amāru–! — ^{1=diš

Diš is a cuneiform sign represented by 𒁹 or . It has many uses in cuneiform texts, including in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''.
Description
𒁹 is a cuneiform sign. In Unicode, it is represented by U+12079 (DISH)
Use of the vertical sign
In t ...}Turbazu gaz(GAZ^#) d ₄-k-(dâku) ___Look (here)–! — Turbazu "killed"-! 42. i- na abul(KÁ.GAL) alu(

IRI IRI or I.R.I. refers to: Businesses and organizations * Iringa Airport, an airport in Tanzania serving Iringa and the surrounding Iringa Region by IATA airport code * India Rejuvenation Initiative, an Indian anti-corruption organization form ...

^#) sí-lu-ú^ki qa-al šarru(LUGAL)^ru ___ i na abullu ālu Silu^ki ga-al

šarru ( Sumerian: ) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man." In Sumerian, ''lú'' " 𒇽" is "man" and ''gal'' " 𒃲" is "great", or "big." It was one of several Sumerian titles that a ruler of a city-state could ...

(LUGAL)^ru ___in city-gate city Silu^ki, "tragedy"?,

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

^ru (Phar.) 43. a-mur ^{1=m(male)=diš

Diš is a cuneiform sign represented by 𒁹 or . It has many uses in cuneiform texts, including in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''.
Description
𒁹 is a cuneiform sign. In Unicode, it is represented by U+12079 (DISH)
Use of the vertical sign
In t ...} zi- im- ri- da alu(

) la^#- ki^#- si^ki ___ amāru–! — ^{1=m(male)=diš

Diš is a cuneiform sign represented by 𒁹 or . It has many uses in cuneiform texts, including in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''.
Description
𒁹 is a cuneiform sign. In Unicode, it is represented by U+12079 (DISH)
Use of the vertical sign
In t ...}Zimredda ālu(

) Lachish^ki ___Look (here)–! — ^m Zimredda city

Lachish Lachish (; ; ) was an ancient Canaanite and later Israelite city in the Shephelah ("lowlands of Judea") region of Canaan on the south bank of the Lakhish River mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. The current '' tell'' by that name, kn ...

References

{{reflist * Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian

'', Parpola, Simo,

Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project is an international scholarly project aimed at collecting and publishing ancient Assyrian texts of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and studies based on them. Its headquarters are in Helsinki in Finland. State Archives ...

, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, Cuneiform signs