The Muna–Buton languages are a group of languages spoken on the islands of
Muna and
Buton off the coast of
South East Sulawesi province,
Indonesia. They belong to the
Celebic subgroup of the
Austronesian
Austronesian may refer to:
*The Austronesian languages
*The historical Austronesian peoples
The Austronesian peoples, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of peoples in Taiwan, Maritime Southeast Asia, M ...
family.
Internal classification
The ''Ethnologue'' classifies the Muna–Buton languages as follows, based on van den Berg (2003) and Donohue (2004):
[Mark Donohue. (2004). "The pretenders to the Muna-Buton group". In John Bowden and Nikolaus Himmelmann (eds.), ''Papers in Austronesian subgrouping and dialectology'', 21-35. Canberra: Australian National University.]
*Nuclear Muna–Buton
**Buton
***East Buton:
Lasalimu,
Kumbewaha
***West Buton:
Cia-Cia
Cia-Cia (''Bahasa Ciacia'', ''바하사 찌아찌아'', ''بهاس چيا-چيا''), also known as Buton or Butonese, is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the city of Baubau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southe ...
**Munan
***
Busoa
***Munic
****
Kaimbulawa
****Western Munic:
Liabuku,
Muna (Wuna),
Pancana
Pancana is an Austronesian language of Buton Island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi
Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it ...
,
Kioko
*Tukangbesi–Bonerate:
Tukang Besi
Tukang Besi is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tukangbesi Islands in southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia by a quarter million speakers. A Tukang Besi pidgin is used in the area.
Phonology
The northern dialect of Tukang Besi has 25 consonan ...
,
Bonerate
In earlier classifications,
Wolio, spoken in the city of
Baubau (seat of the court of the former Sultanate of Buton) and its immediate surroundings, and
Laiyolo, spoken in the southern part of
Selayar Island
Selayar is the main island of the Selayar Islands (''Kepulauan Selayar''). It lies off the coast of Cape Bira of South Sulawesi Province. The Selayar Straits separate it from the mainland of Sulawesi. Its main city is Benteng, towns to the so ...
, were also included in the Muna–Buton group,
but Donohue (2004) has shown that they form a distinct subgroup of their own,
Wotu–Wolio, which also includes
Wotu, spoken at the northern shore of the
Bone Gulf
__NOTOC__
The Gulf of Boni ( id, Teluk Bone), also known as the Gulf of Bone, Bay of Boni, and Bone Bay, is the gulf which divides the South and Southeast Peninsulas of the island of Sulawesi (Celebes) in Indonesia. It opens on the south into the ...
.
[
]
Reconstruction
Proto-Muna–Buton has been reconstructed by van den Berg (2003).[
]
Phonology
Vocabulary
Van den Berg proposes around 30 lexical innovations for Proto-Muna–Buton, e.g., 'cat', 'throw away', 'fish', 'eel', 'head', 'split open (fruit)', 'under'.[
]
References
External links
"Muna-Buton"
at ''Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensiv ...
'' (23rd ed, 2020).
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muna-Buton languages
Celebic languages