Mumpsimus

A mumpsimus ( ) is a "traditional custom obstinately adhered to however unreasonable it may be", or "someone who obstinately clings to an error, bad habit or prejudice, even after the foible has been exposed and the person humiliated; also, any error, bad habit, or prejudice clung to in this fashion". The term originates in the story of a priest using the nonsense word ''mumpsimus'' instead of the Latin ''sumpsimus'' when giving mass, and refusing to be corrected on the matter. The word may refer to either the speaker or their habit.

Over time, the contrasting term ''sumpsimus'' came into use. To Henry VIII, a ''sumpsimus'' is a correction that is unnecessarily litigious or argumentative, but John Burgon used the term for corrections that may be good but are not as important as others.

Origin

The term originates from an apocryphal story about a poorly educated Catholic priest saying Latin mass who, in reciting the postcommunion prayer (meaning: 'What we have received in the mouth, Lord'), substitutes the non-word ''mumpsimus'', perhaps as a mondegreen. After being made aware of his mistake, he nevertheless persisted with his erroneous version, whether from stubbornness, force of habit, or refusing to believe he was mistaken.

The story was told by Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) in a letter he wrote in August 1516 to Henry Bullock. Erasmus used it as an analogy with those who refused to accept that ''Novum Instrumentum omne'', his edition of the Greek New Testament, corrected errors in the Latin Vulgate. The English diplomat Richard Pace (1482–1536) included a variant in his 1517 work , where the priest was English and had been saying ''mumpsimus'' for thirty years when corrected. While Pace's book (written in Latin) is credited by the first edition of the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' as the origin of ''mumpsimus'', Pace acknowledged his borrowing in a 1517 letter to Erasmus. "Mumpsimus and " became proverbial among Protestants in the early English Reformation.

Usage

Mumpsimus

''Mumpsimus'' soon entered the language as a cant word widely used by 16th-century writers.
In William Tyndale's 1530 book ''Practice of Prelates'', the word was used in the sense of a stubborn opponent to Tyndale's views. He said that the men whom Cardinal Wolsey had asked to find reasons why Catherine of Aragon was not truly the wife of King Henry VIII of England were "all lawyers, and other doctors, mumpsimuses of divinity". Sir Thomas Elyot in 1531 in ''The Book of the Governor'' explains why he uses the term ''good courage'' instead of ''magnanimity'' thus: "".

Eugene T. Maleska, 1970s editor of ''The New York Times'' crossword puzzle, received "dozens of letters" after "mumpsimus" appeared as an answer; he had felt that "it was time to revive the obsolete noun". A. Leslie Derbyshire applied it in a 1981 management science book to managers who know how to do a better job but choose not to. ''Garner's Modern English Usage'' notes that the word could describe George W. Bush because of his persistent habit of pronouncing "nuclear" as "nucular", despite the error being widely reported.

Mumpsimus and sumpsimus

In his speech at the State Opening of Parliament on Christmas Eve 1545, Henry VIII said:

Peter Heylin refers to the king's saying in his 1631 ''The History of St. George of Cappadocia'' when he talks of "those self-conceited ones which are so —as King Harry used to say—in their new ..."
Hugh Latimer (1487–1555) used the term in two sermons he preached in 1552, saying that " en my neighbour is taught, and knoweth the truth, and will not believe it, but will abide in his old ''mumpsimus''..." and again: "Some be so obstinate in their old ''mumpsimus'', that they cannot abide the true doctrine of God."

In an 1883 polemic on errors in translations of the Christian Bible, John Burgon says, "If men prefer ''their'' 'mumpsimus' to ''our'' '', let them by all means have it: but pray let them keep their rubbish to themselves—and at least leave our SAVIOUR's words alone."

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Vocabulary
Linguistic history
Speech error
Quotations from religion