Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (sometimes Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion; abbreviated MAD) is a technique used in
X-ray crystallography that facilitates the determination of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules (e.g. DNA, drug receptors) via solution of the
phase problem.
MAD was developed by
Wayne Hendrickson while working as a
postdoctoral researcher under
Jerome Karle at the
United States Naval Research Laboratory.
The mathematics upon which MAD (and progenitor
Single wavelength anomalous dispersion) were based were developed by
Jerome Karle, work for which he was awarded the 1985
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (along with
Herbert Hauptman).
See also
*
Single wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD)
*
Multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR)
*
Anomalous scattering
*
Anomalous X-ray scattering
*
Patterson map
References
Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
MAD phasing— an in depth tutorial with examples, illustrations, and references.
NRL Recognition of Nobel Prize
Computer programs
—
—
''Shake-and-Bake''
(''SnB'') —
SHELX
—
Tutorials and examples
*{{cite web , title=The method of Multiple wavelength Anomalous Diffraction using Synchrotron Radiation at optimal X-ray energies: Application to Protein Crystallography , first=Gwyndaf , last=Evans , work=PhD Thesis , date=October 1994 , publisher=University of Warwick , url=http://www.gwyndafevans.co.uk/thesis-html/thesis.html
Crystallography