The Apusomonadida are a group of
protozoan
Protozoa (singular: protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. Histori ...
zooflagellate In some older systems of classification, Zoomastigophora is a phylum (more commonly known as zooflagellates) within the kingdom Protista. Organisms within this group have a spherical, elongated body with a single central nucleus. They are single-ce ...
s that glide on surfaces, and mostly consume
prokaryotes
A prokaryote () is a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The word ''prokaryote'' comes from the Greek πρό (, 'before') and κάρυον (, 'nut' or 'kernel').Campbell, N. "Biology:Concepts & Conn ...
. They are of particular evolutionary interest because they appear to be the sister group to the
Opisthokont
The opisthokonts () are a broad group of eukaryotes, including both the animal and fungus kingdoms. The opisthokonts, previously called the "Fungi/Metazoa group", are generally recognized as a clade. Opisthokonts together with Apusomonadida and ...
s, the clade that includes both
animals
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...
and
fungi
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...
. Together with the
Breviatea
''Breviata anathema'' is a single-celled flagellate amoeboid eukaryote, previously studied under the name '' Mastigamoeba invertens''. The cell lacks mitochondria but has remnant mitochondrial genes, and possesses an organelle believed to be a mod ...
, these form the
Obazoa
Obazoa (Brown et al., 2013) is a proposed sister clade of Amoebozoa (which together form Amorphea). Obazoa is composed of Breviatea, Apusomonadida and Opisthokonta. The term Obazoa is based on the OBA acronym for Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apus ...
clade.
Taxonomy
* Class
Apusomonadea Tedersoo 2017
** Order Apusomonadida
Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 hecomonadales Lee 1989*** Family
Apusomonadidae
The Apusomonadida are a group of protozoan zooflagellates that glide on surfaces, and mostly consume prokaryotes. They are of particular evolutionary interest because they appear to be the sister group to the Opisthokonts, the clade that include ...
Karpov & Mylnikov 1989
**** Genus ''
Amastigomonas''
de Saedeleer 1931
***** Species ''
A. caudata''
Mylnikov 1989 'Amastigomonas borokensis'' Hamar 1979***** Species ''
A. debruynei''
de Saedeleer 1931
***** Species ''
A. marisrubri''
Mylnikov & Mylnikov 2012
**** Genus ''
Multimonas''
Cavalier-Smith 2010
***** Species ''
M. koreensis''
Heiss et al. 2015
***** Species ''
M. marina''
(Mylnikov 1989) Cavalier-Smith 2010 'Cercomonas marina'' Mylnikov 1989; ''Amastigomonas marina'' (Mylnikov 1989) Mylnikov 1999***** Species ''
M. media''
Cavalier-Smith 2010
**** Genus ''
Podomonas
The Apusomonadida are a group of protozoan zooflagellates that glide on surfaces, and mostly consume prokaryotes. They are of particular evolutionary interest because they appear to be the sister group to the Opisthokonts, the clade that include ...
''
Cavalier-Smith 2010
***** Species ''
P. capensis''
Cavalier-Smith 2010
***** Species ''
P. gigantea''
(Mylnikov 1999) 'Amastigomonas gigantea'' Mylnikov 1999***** Species ''
P. griebenis''
(Mylnikov 1999) 'Amastigomonas griebenis'' Mylnikov 1999***** Species ''
P. klosteris''
(Arndt & Mylnikov 1999) Cavalier-Smith 2010 'Amastigomonas klosteris'' Arndt & Mylnikov 1999***** Species ''
P. magna''
Cavalier-Smith 2010
**** Subfamily Apusomonadinae
Karpov & Mylnikov 1989
***** Genus ''
Chelonemonas''
Heiss et al. 2015
****** Species ''
C. geobuk''
Heiss et al. 2015
****** Species ''
C. masanensis''
Heiss et al. 2015
***** Genus ''
Manchomonas''
Cavalier-Smith 2010
****** Species ''
Manchomonas bermudensis
The Apusomonadida are a group of protozoan zooflagellates that glide on surfaces, and mostly consume prokaryotes. They are of particular evolutionary interest because they appear to be the sister group to the Opisthokonts, the clade that includ ...
''
(Molina & Nerad 1991) Cavalier-Smith 2010 'Amastigomonas bermudensis'' Molina & Nerad 1991***** Genus ''
Apusomonas
''Apusomonas'' is a genus of Apusozoa
The Apusozoa are an Obazoa phylum comprising several genera of flagellate eukaryotes. They are usually around 5–20 μm in size, and occur in soils and aquatic habitats, where they feed on bacteria. They ...
''
Alexeieff 1924 'Rostromonas''
Karpoff & Zhukov 1980">Rostromonas.html" ;"title="'
'Rostromonas''
Karpoff & Zhukov 1980****** Species ''Apusomonas australiensis">A. australiensis''
Ekelund & Patterson 1997
****** Species ''Apusomonas proboscidea">A. proboscidea''
Alexeieff 1924 [''Rostromonas applanata''
Karpoff & Zhukov 1980]
***** Genus ''Thecamonas''
Larsen & Patterson 1990
****** Species ''Thecamonas filosa, T. filosa''
Larsen & Patterson 1990 [''Amastigomonas filosa''
(Larsen & Patterson 1990) Molina & Nerad 1991]
****** Species ''
Thecamonas muscula, T. muscula''
(Mylnikov 1999) Cavalier-Smith 2010 'Amastigomonas muscula'' Mylnikov 1999****** Species ''
T. mutabilis''
(Griessmann 1913) Larsen & Patterson 1990 'Rhynchomonas mutabilis'' Griessmann 1913; ''Amastigomonas mutabilis'' (Griessmann 1913) Patterson & Zölffel 1993****** Species ''
T. oxoniensis''
Cavalier-Smith 2010
****** Species ''
T. trahens''
Larsen & Patterson 1990 'Amastigomonas trahens'' (Larsen & Patterson 1990) Molina & Nerad 1991
References
Obazoa
Apusozoa
Amorphea orders
{{Unikont-stub