''Rosa multiflora'' — (
syn.
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnae ...
''Rosa polyantha'')
is a species of
rose known commonly as multiflora rose,
baby rose,
[ Japanese rose,][ many-flowered rose,][ seven-sisters rose,][ Eijitsu rose and rambler rose. It is native to eastern Asia, in ]China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
, Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
, and Korea. It should not be confused with '' Rosa rugosa'', which is also known as "Japanese rose", or with polyantha rose
Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens. They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates. An enormous number ...
s which are garden cultivars derived from hybrids of ''R. multiflora''. It was introduced to North America, where it is regarded as an invasive species
An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...
.
Description
It is a scrambling shrub
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
climbing over other plants to a height of , with stout stems with recurved prickles (sometimes absent). The leaves
A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...
are long, compound, with 5–9 leaflets and feathered stipules. The flowers are produced in large corymbs, each flower small, diameter, white or pink, borne in early summer. The hips are reddish to purple, diameter.
Two varieties are accepted by the '' Flora of China'':
Cultivation and uses
''Rosa multiflora'' is grown as an ornamental plant and also used as a rootstock for grafted ornamental rose cultivars.
In eastern North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
, ''Rosa multiflora'' is considered an invasive species
An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...
. It was originally introduced from Asia as a soil conservation measure, as a natural hedge to border grazing land, and to attract wildlife. It is readily distinguished from American native roses by its large inflorescences, which bear multiple flowers and hips, often more than a dozen, while the American species bear only one or a few on a branch.
In some regions the plant is classified as a noxious weed
A noxious weed, harmful weed or injurious weed is a weed that has been designated by an agricultural or other governing authority as a plant that is injurious to agricultural or horticultural crops, natural habitats or ecosystems, or humans or liv ...
. In grazing areas, it is generally considered to be a serious pest, though it is considered excellent fodder for goats.
The hips of the plant are edible.
Management
The targeted removal of multiflora rose often requires an aggressive technique, such as the full removal of the plant in addition to the root structure. Pruning and cutting back of the plant often leads to re-sprouting. Two natural biological controls include the rose rosette disease and the rose seed chalid ('' Megastigmus aculeastus'' var. ''nigroflavus''). Patches of introduced multiflora rose in Pennsylvania are displaying symptoms of rose rosette disease, which can lead to decline and death.
Gallery
File:Rosa multiflora a03.jpg, alt=Whole plant
File:20140227Rosa multiflora1.jpg, alt=Bark
File:Multiflora Rose.JPG, alt=Foliage
File:20140509Rosa multiflora04.jpg, alt=Flowers
File:Rosa-multiflora-Flower.jpg, alt=Flower close-up
File:20151002Rosa multiflora.jpg, Hips (fruits)
File:球磨川のツクシイバラ Rosa multiflora adenochaeta of Kumagawa River. - panoramio (3).jpg, var. ''cathayensis''
References
External links
Species Profile – Multiflora Rose
National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Multiflora Rose.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q133617
multiflora
Flora of Asia
Flora of Japan
Flora of China
Flora of Korea