Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Badisi (died 1922) was a Moroccan astronomer, poet and writer.

Biography

Muhammad was born in

Fez Fez most often refers to: * Fez (hat), a type of felt hat commonly worn in the Ottoman Empire * Fez, Morocco (or Fes), the second largest city of Morocco Fez or FEZ may also refer to: Media * ''Fez'' (Frank Stella), a 1964 painting by the moder ...

to the al-Badisi family that was originally from the village of A'rras in the Badis town. He studied under famous scholars of Fez such as Muhammad al-Qadiri, Muhammad Guennoun, Abd al-Salam al-Hawwari, and the Qadi of Fez . Besides his studies in ''

fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...

'', he was also interested in

astronomy Astronomy () is a natural science that studies astronomical object, celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and chronology of the Universe, evolution. Objects of interest ...

language Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...

, '' ʻilm al-mīqāt'' and

literature Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include ...

. He went to

El Jadida El Jadida (, ; originally known in Berber as Maziɣen or Mazighen; known in Portuguese as Mazagão) is a major port city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, located 96 km south of the city of Casablanca, in the province of El Jadida and the re ...

to work as '' adel'' with ''qadi'' al-Abid ibn Suda, at this city he started teaching principles of language and religion. One of his students was Abd al-Salam ibn Suda who wrote a ''tarjama'' (biographical notice) about him in his work ''Sall an-nisal li 'n-nidal, bi 'l-ashyakh wa-ahl al-kamāl''. Returning to Fez, he worked in

lithography Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German a ...

, and chose to illustrate works of literature and '''ilm al-miqat'' (science of timekeeping). One of the most known books that he printed was Abd al-Rahman al-Jadiri's ''Rawdat al-azhar fl 'ilm waqt al-layl wa an-nahar''. Finally, he went to Ksar el-Kebir, where he was liked by the general population and the

caid ''Caid'' () (meaning "stuffed ball") is a collective name used in reference to various ancient and traditional Irish mob football games. "Caid" is frequently used by people in Gaeltacht areas of Ireland to refer to modern Gaelic football. The wo ...

of the city, Bousselam Rmiki. He first worked as a teacher, but he started criticising

sufi orders A tariqa (or ''tariqah''; ar, طريقة ') is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking ''haqiqa'', which translates as "ultimate truth". ...

, '' ziyārat'' and '' tawassul'' (Intercession of saints). His zealous support for

wahhabism Wahhabism ( ar, ٱلْوَهَّابِيَةُ, translit=al-Wahhābiyyah) is a Sunni Islamic revivalist and fundamentalist movement associated with the reformist doctrines of the 18th-century Arabian Islamic scholar, theologian, preacher, an ...

was showing, people started turning away from him and some '' fuqaha''' issued a fatwa against him for his "'' ibtida'"'' (to initiate illegitimate innovations) and "'' muruq''" (deviation). This ultimately forced him to become a recluse in the shrine of Abu 'Asriya al-Fasi in the al-Qattanin quarter. He was sick for a while until his death in 1922 and was buried in the mausoleum of Abu Yahya al-Mallah in the Bab el-Oued quarter.

References

Sources

* * {{Authority control 1922 deaths 19th-century Moroccan people 19th-century Moroccan poets 19th-century Moroccan writers 20th-century Moroccan people 20th-century Moroccan poets 20th-century Moroccan writers Moroccan astronomers Year of birth unknown