Mudanya (also: Mudania; , ''ta Moudaniá''; the site of ancient Apamea Myrlea) is a municipality and

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

Bursa Province Bursa Province () is a Provinces of Turkey, province and Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, metropolitan municipality in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir Province, Balıkesir to the west, K ...

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. Its area is 369 km², and its population is 108,011 (2022). It is located on the Gulf of Gemlik, part of the southern coast of the

Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's E ...

. Between 1875 and 1948, it was connected with

Bursa Bursa () is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the Marmara Region, Bursa is one of the industrial centers of the country. Most of ...

by the Mudanya–Bursa railway. Mudanya has only an open anchorage usable in calm weather. The town produces

olive oil Olive oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing whole olives (the fruit of ''Olea europaea'', a traditional Tree fruit, tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin) and extracting the oil. It is commonly used in cooking for frying foods, as a cond ...

and there is a pier used by local fishing and cargo boats.

History

According to the Ottoman General Census of 1881/82-1893, the

kaza A kaza (, "judgment" or "jurisdiction") was an administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire, administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. It is also discussed in English under the names district, subdistrict, and juridical district. Kazas co ...

of Mudanya of

Hüdavendigâr vilayet The Hüdavendigâr Vilayet () or Bursa Vilayet after its administrative centre, was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of .Greeks Greeks or Hellenes (; , ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Greek Cypriots, Cyprus, Greeks in Albania, southern Albania, Greeks in Turkey#History, Anatolia, parts of Greeks in Italy, Italy and Egyptian Greeks, Egypt, and to a l ...

and 4,891 Muslims. A

port city A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manche ...

, it also had a railway connection to

which was completed in 1875. The railway had a pier at the seaport of Mudanya for exporting.

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

was often the recipient of exported goods from Mudanya.

Silk Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), c ...

was a popular export. During the

Turkish War of Independence , strength1 = May 1919: 35,000November 1920: 86,000Turkish General Staff, ''Türk İstiklal Harbinde Batı Cephesi'', Edition II, Part 2, Ankara 1999, p. 225August 1922: 271,000Celâl Erikan, Rıdvan Akın: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı tarih ...

, Mudanya was bombarded by the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...

and thus partially burned by the British Fleet during the Greek Summer Offensive of 1920. Sergeant Şükrü from Mudanya and 9 of his brothers-in-arms were killed during the Allied bombardment and subsequent landing by the Greek troops and the

British Royal Marines The Royal Marines provide the United Kingdom's amphibious special operations capable commando force, one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy, a company strength sub-unit to the Special Forces Support Group (SFSG), landing craft cr ...

Liberation of Mudanya

Mudanya and its environs were liberated by the Turkish Kocaeli Army Corps under the Command of Halit (Karsıalan) Paşa on the 12th of September 1922. The Greek 11th Infantry Division (Manisa Division) and the 45th &17th Infantry regiments along with their commanders and with Major-General Nikolaos Kladas were captured. The town was the signing place of the Armistice of Mudanya between

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

and

Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...

on October 11, 1922, following the

. After the Treaty of Lausanne and the Greco-Turkish population exchange agreement, the Greeks of the town were transferred into mainland

Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...

, establishing a settlement to which they gave the name of their previous town, Nea Moudania (''New Moudania'', located on the

Chalkidiki Chalkidiki (; , alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos reg ...

peninsula, in the Macedonia region of Greece). In return, a number of Cretan Turks were settled in Mudanya.

Composition

There are 47

neighbourhoods A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourh ...

in Mudanya District:Mahalle
Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023. * Akköy * Altıntaş * Aydınpınar * Bademli * Balabancık * Çağrışan * Çamlık * Çayönü * Çekrice * Çepni * Çınarlı * Dedeköy * Dereköy * Eğerce * Emirleryenicesi * Esence * Evciler * Göynüklü * Güzelyalı Burgaz * Güzelyalı Eğitim * Güzelyalı Siteler * Güzelyalı Yalı * Halitpaşa * Hançerli * Hasanbey * Hasköy * İpekyayla * Işıklı * Kaymakoba * Küçükyenice * Kumyaka * Mesudiye * Mirzaoba * Mürsel * Mütareke * Ömerbey * Orhaniye * Söğütpınar * Şükrüçavuş * Tirilye * Ülkü * Yalıçiftlik * Yaman * Yaylacık * Yenimahalle * Yörükali * Yörükyenicesi

Traditional architecture in Mudanya

File:Mudanya 02.jpg, The Armistice of Mudanya was signed in this Ottoman era building File:Mudanya 11.jpg, Ottoman era Governor's House in Mudanya Image:Mudanya 01.jpg, Ottoman era traditional building in Mudanya File:Mudanya 03.jpg, Ottoman era traditional house in Mudanya File:Mudanya 04.jpg, Ottoman era traditional house in Mudanya File:Mudanya 05.jpg, Ottoman era traditional house in Mudanya File:Mudanya 07.jpg, Ottoman era traditional house in Mudanya File:Mudanya 08.jpg, Ottoman era traditional house in Mudanya Image:Mudanya 14.jpg, Ottoman era traditional houses in Mudanya Image:Mudanya 13.jpg, Ottoman era traditional houses in Mudanya Image:Mudanya 15.jpg, Ottoman era traditional houses in Mudanya Image:Mudanya 16.jpg, Ottoman era traditional houses in Mudanya

References

External links