Muda (木达 or 母打) is a
Loloish language
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its rela ...
of
China.
There are over 2,000 Muda speakers in Nanlianshan Village Community 南联山村委会 (formerly Nanlianshan District, 南联山乡, now part of Gasa Township 嘎洒镇),
Jinghong City
Jinghong (; khb, ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩩ᩵ᨦ; th, เชียงรุ่ง, , ; lo, ຊຽງຮຸ່ງ; also formerly romanised as ''Chiang Hung'', ''Chengrung'', ''Cheng Hung'', Jeng Hung, ''Jinghung'', ''Keng Hung'', ''Kiang Hung'' and ' ...
, Yunnan, China (Xu 1991).
[Xu Shixuan ��世璇(1991)]
缅彝语几种音类的演变
''Minzu Yuwen''.
Classification
Xu (1991) classifies Muda as a Ha-Ya language (see ''
Hani languages
The Hani languages are a group of closely related but distinct languages of the Loloish (Yi) branch of the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group. They are also referred to as the Hanoid languages by Lama (2012) and as the Akoid languages by Bradley (2 ...
'').
Hsiu (2018)
[Hsiu, Andrew. 2018]
Classifications of some lesser-known Lolo-Burmese languages
classifies Muda as an
Akha Akha or Ikaw may refer to:
*Akha, Iran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
*Akha, alternate name of Dinan, Mazandaran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Akha people
* Akha language
* Akha Bhagat (1615–1674; aka Akha Rahiyadas Soni) ...
language containing a
Bisoid substratum
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences or is influenced by another through contact. A substratum or substrate is a language that has lower power or prestige than another, while a superstratum or su ...
, with the substrate language being an early split from Bisoid. Muda has Cl- consonant clusters like various
Bisoid languages
The Bisoid (Phunoi) languages belong to the Southern Loloish ( Hanoish) branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Most Bisoid languages are spoken in Phongsaly Province, northern Laos, with smaller numbers of speakers living in China (Yunnan ...
,
Siloid languages, and
Jinuo
The Jino (also spelled Jinuo) people (, endonym: ) are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They live in an area called the Jino Mountains (Jinuoshan 基� ...
, while words of Bisoid origin include 'leg', 'house', and 'smoke'.
Phonology
Muda has the complex consonant onsets (Xu 1991:34).
Vocabulary
The following vocabulary of Muda is from Xu (1991).
References
*Xu Shixuan
��世璇(1991). "Several types of sound changes in Lolo-Burmese languages
��彝语几种音类的演变" In ''Minzu Yuwen'' 1991(3), 34-41.
*http://asiaharvest.org/wp-content/themes/asia/docs/people-groups/China/chinaPeoples/M/Muda.pdf
{{Lolo-Burmese languages
Southern Loloish languages
Languages of China