Muizuddin Muhammad Mubarak Shah II (معز الدین محمد, born Mubarak Khan; معز الدین محمد; ) was the second
monarch
A monarch () is a head of stateWebster's II New College Dictionary. "Monarch". Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest ...
of the
Sayyid dynasty
The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451 for 37 years.See:
* M. Reza Pirbha, Reconsidering Islam in a South Asian Context, , Brill
* The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion ...
which ruled the
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a Medieval India, late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries. .
Ancestry
Sultan Mubarak Shah was the son of
Khizr Khan
Khizr Khan (reigned 28 May 1414 – 20 May 1421) was the founder of the Sayyid dynasty, the fourth ruling dynasty of the Delhi sultanate, in northern India soon after the invasion of Timur and the fall of the Tughlaq dynasty.
Khizr Khan was Go ...
.
Life
He succeeded his father,
Khizr Khan
Khizr Khan (reigned 28 May 1414 – 20 May 1421) was the founder of the Sayyid dynasty, the fourth ruling dynasty of the Delhi sultanate, in northern India soon after the invasion of Timur and the fall of the Tughlaq dynasty.
Khizr Khan was Go ...
to the throne in 1421. Born "Mubarak Khan", he took up the
regnal name
A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede ...
of ''Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah'' or simply ''Mubarak Shah''. The Sayyids were subservient to
Timur
Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeat ...
's successor,
Shah Rukh
Shah Rukh or Shahrukh Mirza (, ''Šāhrokh''; 20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447.
He was the son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynasty in 1370 ...
, and while Khizr Khan did not assume the title of sultan, Mubarak Shah was acknowledged as one and However, it is also known that Mubarak Shah received a robe and a ''chatr'' (a ceremonial parasol) from the
Timurid capital of
Herat
Herāt (; Dari/Pashto: هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Se ...
which indicates that the fealty continued in his time.
During his reign, Mubarak Shah had to deal with the rise of local dynasties in the aftermath of the Timurid invasion of India. However, the biggest threat to his power was that of
Jasrat Khokhar
Jasrat Khan ( – ), also known as Jasrath, was a 15th-century Punjabi Muslim chieftain who ruled parts of Punjab from 1410 until his death in 1442. He had his capital at Sialkot.
A son of Shaikha, Jasrat fought against Tamerlane during his i ...
, a Punjabi Muslim Khokhar chieftain from
Punjab
Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
who had conquered vast territories from Delhi sultanate and even aimed for
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...
in 1431. However, Jasrat Khokhar retreated once Mubarak Shah marched with a large army against him.
Two years after this great victory, however, Mubarak Shah was murdered in 1434 and succeeded by his nephew,
Muhammad Shah
Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar; 7 August 1702 – 26 April 1748) was the thirteenth Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the Sayyid ...
.
See also
*
Kotla Mubarakpur
The Kotla Mubarakpur Complex is a mausoleum and mosque complex, located in Kotla Mubarakpur, a medieval urban village in South Delhi, India. The history of the complex can be traced to the prominent tomb of Muizud Din Mubarak Shah, son of Khi ...
Notes
References
*
*
Sayyid dynasty
1434 deaths
Indian people of Arab descent
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