The Inland Forts () are a line of peaks extending between

Northwest Mountain The Inland Forts () are a line of peaks extending between Northwest Mountain and Saint Pauls Mountain, in the Asgard Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The peaks were discovered by Ervon r. Koenig and named by the British National Antarctic Ex ...

and Saint Pauls Mountain, in the

Asgard Range The Asgard Range () is a mountain range in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It divides Wright Valley from Taylor Glacier and Taylor Valley. It is south of the Olympus Range and north of the Quartermain Mountains and the Kukri Hills. Name The Asga ...

Victoria Land Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78th parallel south, 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Ant ...

, Antarctica. The peaks were discovered by Ervon r. Koenig and named by the

British National Antarctic Expedition The ''Discovery'' Expedition of 1901–1904, known officially as the British National Antarctic Expedition, was the first official British exploration of the Antarctic regions since the voyage of James Clark Ross sixty years earlier (1839–1 ...

, 1901–04.

Location

The Inland Forts are to the south of the western end of the Asgard Range. They face the head of the

Taylor Glacier The Taylor Glacier () is a glacier in Antarctica about long, flowing from the plateau of Victoria Land into the western end of Taylor Valley, north of the Kukri Hills. It flows to the south of the Asgard Range. The middle part of the glacier is ...

to the southwest. A number of valley run north from the Inland Forts down to the lowlands between the Wright Upper Glacier and the Wright Valley.

Features

Named features, from west to east, include Beehive Mountain, Northwest Mountain, Hess Mesa, Mudrey Cirque, West Grain, Sutherland Peak, Mary Cirque, East Groin, Wolak Peak, Round Mountain and Saint Pauls Mountain.

Beehive Mountain

. A mountain north of

Finger Mountain Finger Mountain is a topographical formation in interior Alaska. Not actually a mountain, it is a wide broad hill, with an altitude of around 2202 ft. It is named for Finger Rock, a distinctive granite protrusion on its surface. Finger Mou ...

, standing at the north margin and near the head of Taylor Glacier. Named by the

(BrNAE) (1901-04), possibly at the suggestion of Armitage who discovered it.

Northwest Mountain

. A massive mountain just northeast of Beehive Mountain, on the north side of upper Taylor Glacier. The name appears on the maps of the

British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 The ''Terra Nova'' Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. Led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, the expedition had various scientific and geographical objec ...

(BrAE).

Hess Mesa

. A small mesa that surmounts the divide between Koenig Valley and Mudrey Cirque in the Asgard Range. Named by the United States

Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (ACAN or US-ACAN) is an advisory committee of the United States Board on Geographic Names responsible for recommending commemorative names for features in Antarctica. History The committee was established ...

(US-ACAN) for L.O. Hess, Master of United States NavyS Maumee in the Ross Sea Ship Group during Operation Deep Freeze 1970 and 1971.

Mudrey Cirque

. A cirque between Northwest Mountain and West Groin. Named by US-ACAN for Michael G. Mudrey, Jr., USARP geologist with the Dry Valley Drilling Project in Victoria Land in three seasons, 1972-75.

West Groin

. A prominent rock spur between Mudrey Cirque and Flory Cirque on the south side of Asgard Rang. Named by the BrAE, 1910-13, led by Captain Robert F. Scott. The name is descriptive of position; East Groin marks the east side of Flory Cirque.

Sutherland Peak

. One of the peaks of the Inland Forts, standing north-northwest of Round Mountain. Named by US-ACAN for Commander William P. Sutherland, United States Navy, Officer-in-Charge of the Naval Support Force winter-over detachment at

McMurdo Station McMurdo Station is an American Antarctic research station on the southern tip of Ross Island. It is operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program (USAP), a branch of the National Science Foundation. The station is ...

in 1974.

Mattox Bastion

. One of the peaks of the Inland Forts, surmounting the northeast part of Flory Cirque. Named by US-ACAN for Commander Benjamin G. Mattox, United States Navy, officer-in-charge of the Naval Support Force winter-over detachment at McMurdo Station in 1971.

Flory Cirque

. A cirque between West Groin and East Groin, two rock spurs on the north side of Taylor Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Robert F. Flory, USARP geologist at McMurdo Station for three seasons, 1968-71.

East Groin

. A narrow rock spur that forms the east wall of Flory Cirque. The descriptive name was given by US-ACAN in 1976 and is in association with the nearby West Groin, named by the BrAE (1910-13) under Captain Robert F. Scott.

Wolak Peak

. A peak in the Inland Forts, located northwest of St. Pauls Mountain. Named by US-ACAN for Richard J. Wolak, administrative assistant at McMurdo Station in the 1972-73 and 1973-74 seasons; he was station manager at South Pole Station in 1975.

Round Mountain

. A mountain, high, overlooking the north side of Taylor Glacier at the east side of the Inland Forts. So named by Scott of the

(BrNAE) (1901-04) because of its outline.

Saint Pauls Mountain

. A high, steeply-cliffed mountain northeast of Round Mountain on the north side of Taylor Glacier. It is joined to Round Mountain by a high ridge. Named by the

(BrNAE), 1901-04.

Nearby features

Valleys and other features to the north include, from west to east, Mount Baldr, Mount Thor, Koenig Valley, Mount Freys, Sessrumnir Valley, Oliver Peak, Njord Valley, Osgard Peak, Jotunheim Valley, Nibelungen Valley, Panorama Peak, Mount Thundergut and Mount Carnes.

Mount Baldr

. A prominent peak standing west of Mount Thor and south of Wright Upper Glacier. Named by the VUWAE (1958-59) after one of the Norse gods.

Tyrol Valley

. A high ice-free valley lying east of Mount Baldr. The valley was named by Austrian biologist Heinz Janetschek, a participant in the USARP program in this area in 1961-62, after his native Tirol (Tyrol).

Mount Thor

. A prominent peak, about high, standing south of the

Labyrinth In Greek mythology, the Labyrinth () is an elaborate, confusing structure designed and built by the legendary artificer Daedalus for King Minos of Crete at Knossos. Its function was to hold the Minotaur, the monster eventually killed by the h ...

. Named by the VUWAE (1958-59) for one of the Norse gods.

Koenig Valley

. An ice-free valley just east of Mount Thor. Named by US-ACAN for Ervon R. Koenig, scientific leader at McMurdo Station with the winter-over party in 1972 and station manager there in the 1973-74 and 1974-75 seasons.

Mount Freya

. A prominent peak east of Mount Thor. Named by the VUWAE (1958-59) after one of the Norse goddesses.

Sessrumnir Valley

. A high, mainly ice-free valley lying east of Mount Freya. The

New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) is an adjudicating committee established to authorize the naming of features in the Ross Dependency on the Antarctic continent. It is composed of the members of the New Zealand Geographic Board pl ...

(NZ-APC) approved the name in 1982 from a proposal by G.G. Claridge, Soil Bureau, DSIR, New Zealand. One of several names from Norse mythology in Asgard Range; Sessrumnir being the palace of the goddess Freya.

Oliver Peak

. A prominent peak, high, located north-northwest of Round Mountain. Named by US-ACAN for Leon Oliver of New Zealand, who participated in the international Dry Valley Drilling Project as chief driller (1973-74) and drilling superintendent (1974-75).

Linnaeus Terrace

. A rock terrace on the north side of Oliver Peak. Mapped by USGS from United States Navy aerial photographs taken 1970. The name was proposed to US-ACAN by E. Imre Friedmann, biologist, Florida State University, who established a USARP field camp on this terrace in December 1980 for the study of microbial flora living in rocks. Named after

Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

(Karl von Linne", 1707-78), Swedish botanist, the first to enunciate the principles for defining genera and species and to adhere to a uniform use of the binomial system for naming plants and animals.

Njord Valley

. A high, mainly ice-free valley, long, located east of Oliver Peak. The NZ-APC approved the name in 1982 from a proposal by G.G.C. Claridge, soil scientist with the DSIR, New Zealand. One of several names in Asgard Range from Norse mythology; Njord being the father of the goddess Freya.

Utgard Peak

. A prominent peak, high, located north-northeast of Wolak Peak. Named by the NZ-APC in 1982 from a proposal by G.G.C. Claridge, soil scientist with the DSIR, New Zealand. One of a group of names from Norse mythology in Asgard Range and Jotunheim Valley. Named after Utgard, a fortress in Jotunheim, home of the giants.

Jotunheim Valley

. A high, mainly ice-free valley to the east of Mount Wolak and Utgard Peak. Saint Pauls Mountain stands at the head of the valley. The feature was named in 1982 by the NZ-APC from a proposal by G.G.C. Claridge, soil scientist with the DSIR, New Zealand. One of several names in the Asgard Range from Norse mythology; Jotunheim being the home of the giants.

Nibelungen Valley

. An ice free valley just west of Plane Table and Panorama Peak. Nibelungen is one in a group of mythological names in the range given by NZ-APC.

Plane Table

. A distinctive ice free mesa in the north part of the Asgard Range. This flattish feature surmounts the area between Nibelungen Valley and the

Sykes Glacier The Wright Valley () is a large east–west trending valley, formerly occupied by a glacier but now ice free except for Wright Upper Glacier at its head and Wright Lower Glacier at its mouth, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the VUWA ...

and commands an extensive view of

Wright Valley The Wright Valley () is a large east–west trending valley, formerly occupied by a glacier but now ice free except for Wright Upper Glacier at its head and Wright Lower Glacier at its mouth, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the VU ...

. A descriptive name given by NZ-APC.

Panorama Peak

. A rock peak north of Mount Thundergut on the ridge extending to Plane Table. The name applied by NZ-APC presumably alludes to excellent views available from the summit.

Mount Thundergut

. A rock peak northeast of Saint Pauls Mountain. The descriptive name was given by NZ-APC; when viewed from the east, the peak presents a very steep domed face with a vertical gut subject to rockfall.

Mount Carnes

. A peak east of Saint Pauls Mountain. Named by US-ACAN for Philip A. Carnes, engineering and construction manager for Antarctic Support Services, who supervised construction and maintenance performed at the USARP South Pole, Siple and McMurdo Stations for three seasons, 1973-76.

References

Sources

* * {{Include-USGov , agency=United States Geological Survey Asgard Range Mountain ranges of Victoria Land McMurdo Dry Valleys