Mount Calvary Church
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Mount Calvary Church is a
Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
parish located in the Seton Hill neighborhood of
Baltimore Baltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland. With a population of 585,708 at the 2020 census and estimated at 568,271 in 2024, it is the 30th-most populous U.S. city. The Baltimore metropolitan area is the 20th-large ...
, Maryland. The church was founded in 1842 as a mission congregation within the Episcopal Church and is now a community within the
Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter The Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or personal ordinariate of the Catholic Church for Anglican (Episcopal) converts in the United States and Canada. Former members of communions ...
of the Roman Catholic Church.


Architecture

The building was designed by the architect
Robert Cary Long Jr. Robert Cary Long Jr. (1810–1849) was the son of a late 18th Century - early 19th Century famous architect Robert Cary Long Sr. of Baltimore, Maryland and was himself a well-known 19th Century architect. Like his father, Cary was based in Baltim ...
in 1844 and the cornerstone was laid on Tuesday September 10 of that year, at which time Bishop
William Rollinson Whittingham William Rollinson Whittingham (December 2, 1805 – October 17, 1879) was the fourth Episcopal Bishop of Maryland. Early life and career Whittingham was born in New York City, the son of Richard Whittingham and Mary Ann Rollinson Whittingham ...
wrote: "I cannot doubt that its beautiful edifice, when finished in the autumn, will be fully occupied by as regular and devout worshipers as now fill the little upper room, where prayer is wont to be daily made through so large a portion of the year." The church was consecrated by Bishop Whittingham on Thursday February 19, 1846. In 1885, Long's nephew T. Buckler Ghequier added the chancel. The twelve-foot-high main altar of white Vermont marble was designed by American artist
John LaFarge John La Farge (March 31, 1835 – November 14, 1910) was an American artist whose career spanned illustration, murals, interior design, painting, and popular books on his Asian travels and other art-related topics. La Farge made stained glass ...
. The altar area is set out with
encaustic tile Encaustic or inlaid tiles are ceramic tiles in which the pattern or figure on the surface is not a product of the glaze but of different colors of clay. They are usually of two colours but a tile may be composed of as many as six. The pattern ...
from
Mintons Mintons was a major company in Staffordshire pottery, "Europe's leading ceramic factory during the Victorian era", an independent business from 1793 to 1968. It was a leader in ceramic design, working in a number of different ceramic bodies, ...
, and the glass in the Gothic windows contains a depiction of the
Good Shepherd The Good Shepherd (, ''poimḗn ho kalós'') is an image used in the pericope of , in which Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ is depicted as the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep. Similar imagery is used in Psalm 23 and Ezeki ...
produced by Tiffany & Co. The
rood A rood or rood cross, sometimes known as a triumphal cross, is a cross or crucifix, especially the large crucifix set above the entrance to the chancel of a medieval church. Alternatively, it is a large sculpture or painting of the crucifixio ...
was carved by the Swedish sculptor Thorsten Sigstedt, who also designed the church's
Marian shrine A shrine to the Virgin Mary, or Marian shrine, is a shrine marking an Marian apparitions, apparition or other miracle ascribed to the Blessed Virgin Mary, or a site on which is centered a historically strong Blessed Virgin Mary, Marian devotion ...
, and was dedicated on December 15, 1940, and the
altar An altar is a table or platform for the presentation of religion, religious offerings, for sacrifices, or for other ritualistic purposes. Altars are found at shrines, temples, Church (building), churches, and other places of worship. They are use ...
of
Christ the King Christ the King is a title of Jesus in Christianity referring to the idea of the Kingdom of God where Christ is described as being seated at the right hand of God. Many Christian denominations consider the kingly office of Christ to be one o ...
was designed by E. Donald Robb, who worked for the architecture company of
Ralph Adams Cram Ralph Adams Cram (December 16, 1863 – September 22, 1942) was a prolific and influential American architect of collegiate and ecclesiastical buildings, often in the Gothic Revival style. Cram & Ferguson and Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson are partn ...
. A reliquary in the main church houses a bone fragment of Saint
Edward the Confessor Edward the Confessor ( 1003 – 5 January 1066) was King of England from 1042 until his death in 1066. He was the last reigning monarch of the House of Wessex. Edward was the son of Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy. He succeede ...
. The bell, which dates to the nineteenth century, was cast by the
McShane Bell Foundry The McShane Bell Foundry, located in St. Louis, Missouri, is a maker of church bells founded in 1856. Over the past 150 years, the firm has produced over 300,000 bells. In 2019, the company moved its headquarters from Glen Burnie, Maryland, Gle ...
. The spire of the church collapsed in March 1914, during a blizzard. The church features an Andover-
Flentrop Flentrop is a Dutch company based in Zaandam that builds and restores Organ (music), organs. History The company originated in 1903 when Hendrik Wicher Flentrop (1866-1950) from Koog aan de Zaan, originally a house painter by trade, and organist ...
organ of C. B. Fisk Inc., an innovative organ of 1961 that is included in the listing of historic organs of the
Organ Historical Society The Organ Historical Society is a not-for-profit organization primarily composed of pipe organ enthusiasts interested in the instrument's design, construction, conservation and use in musical performance. Formed in 1956, the headquarters moved fr ...
. The historic Fisk pipe organ was played in recital during the Organ Historical Society Convention in July 2024. A former organist at Mount Calvary was the composer Caryl Florio (born William James Robjohn). Bishop Whittingham wrote that “there are larger, more costly, and more splendid churches in Baltimore, but there is none in my judgement so well adapted to make the worshipper feel he must ‘keep his foot’ for he is in the house of God.”


Liturgy

Mount Calvary was founded shortly after the publication in England of the ''
Tracts for the Times The Tracts for the Times were a series of 90 theological publications, varying in length from a few pages to book-length, produced by members of the English Oxford Movement, an Anglo-Catholic revival group, from 1833 to 1841. There were about a do ...
'', when the
Oxford Movement The Oxford Movement was a theological movement of high-church members of the Church of England which began in the 1830s and eventually developed into Anglo-Catholicism. The movement, whose original devotees were mostly associated with the Un ...
neared its height. It began as a
High Church A ''high church'' is a Christian Church whose beliefs and practices of Christian ecclesiology, Christian liturgy, liturgy, and Christian theology, theology emphasize "ritual, priestly authority, ndsacraments," and a standard liturgy. Although ...
mission parish of St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Baltimore, Maryland) established by the Reverend William Wyatt, and until the current building was available services were held in a room above a bacon store on the corner of Howard and Mulberry Streets. Under a series of pastors, the parish became more in line with
Anglo-Catholicism Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the Catholicism, Catholic heritage (especially pre-English Reformation, Reformation roots) and identity of the Church of England and various churches within Anglicanism. Anglo-Ca ...
, which emphasized the Catholic heritage of the Episcopal Church rather than its Protestant roots, and this caused friction between a number of pastors and their bishops. In 1868, during the rectorship of Alfred Allen Paul Curtis, Mount Calvary became the first Episcopal Church in the country to offer daily Eucharist. Bishop
William Rollinson Whittingham William Rollinson Whittingham (December 2, 1805 – October 17, 1879) was the fourth Episcopal Bishop of Maryland. Early life and career Whittingham was born in New York City, the son of Richard Whittingham and Mary Ann Rollinson Whittingham ...
of the
Episcopal Diocese of Maryland The Episcopal Diocese of Maryland forms part of Province 3 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Province 3 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Having been divided twice, it no longer includes all of Marylan ...
– and former rector of Mount Calvary – criticized Father
Joseph Richey Joseph Richey (October 5, 1843 – September 21, 1877) was an Anglo-Irish priest of Episcopal Church in the United States. He was known for his work among the African-American community of Baltimore and for his high church Anglicanism. His feast ...
(elsewhere described as “a man of a lovely spirit, holy, self-sacrificing, full of labors”) for the use of altar lights, wafer bread, elevating the Host, making the sign of the cross, carrying a cross in procession, and praying for the dead.''New York Times'', August 3, 1875, page 1. A Board of Inquiry spoke of its "unanimous and emphatic condemnation of the alleged teachings of Rev. Messrs. William Perry and Joseph Richey." In 1879, eleven local Episcopalian ministers published a pamphlet objecting to a mission held at Mount Calvary, led by
Basil W. Maturin Basil William Maturin (15 February 1847 – 7 May 1915) was an Irish-born Anglican priest, preacher and writer who later became Catholic. He died on board the RMS Lusitania, RMS ''Lusitania'', during the First World War. Life He was born in Ire ...
, that had advocated
confession A confession is a statement – made by a person or by a group of people – acknowledging some personal fact that the person (or the group) would ostensibly prefer to keep hidden. The term presumes that the speaker is providing information that ...
, the
Real Presence The real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, sometimes shortened Real Presence'','' is the Christian doctrine that Jesus Christ is present in the Eucharist, not merely symbolically or metaphorically, but in a true, real and substantial way. Th ...
of Christ in the Eucharist, and the Mass as a sacrifice. A year later, the Rev. Calbraith Perry and the Mount Calvary vestry nominated two candidates, one for holy orders and the other a deacon to receive priesthood, but both were objected to by the Standing Committee of the Diocese, who stated that the testimonials from the Rev. Perry and the vestry – declaring that the candidates had not taught or believed anything contrary to Church teaching – were not sufficient. William Pinkney (bishop), a low church Anglican, declined to engage the Standing Committee on this matter. The
New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
reported, “The advanced ritualism practiced in the services has on various occasions led to spicy discussions between the Standing Committee and the Rectors of Mount Calvary." The same article reported that one of the parish clergymen, Father Calbraith Perry, was admonished and instructed “to cease using incense and not to wear a
cope A cope ( ("rain coat") or ("cape")) is a liturgical long mantle or cloak, open at the front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colour. A cope may be worn by any rank of the Catholic or Anglican clerg ...
.” In 1894, Mount Calvary was "practically excommunicated" when Bishop
William Paret William Paret (September 23, 1826 – January 18, 1911) was the 137th bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America and was a bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland. Early life and education William Paret was born in New Y ...
– whose "stinging philippic fell from the lips" – refused to visit the church to administer the sacraments, for the church – over the bishop's objections – had installed confessionals and continued to use incense. Even so,
Richard Meux Benson Richard Meux Benson (6 July 1824 – 14 January 1915) was a priest in the Church of England and founder of the Society of St. John the Evangelist, the first religious order of monks in the Anglican Communion since the Reformation. He is commem ...
, co-founder of the Society of St. John the Evangelist, chose to spend Lent in Baltimore in 1895 and lectured on Thursday evenings at Mount Calvary and would visit again, speaking on Palm Sunday on March 29, 1896, and preaching at the parish on Low Sunday, April 17, 1898. The historic traditional ritual at Mount Calvary made use of the 1662
Book of Common Prayer The ''Book of Common Prayer'' (BCP) is the title given to a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion and by other Christianity, Christian churches historically related to Anglicanism. The Book of Common Prayer (1549), fi ...
and the
English Missal ''The English Missal'' (sometimes referred to as the ''Knott Missal'') is a translation of the Roman Missal used by some Anglo-Catholic parish churches. After its publication by W. Knott & Son Limited in 1912, ''The English Missal'' was rapidly ...
. Since being received into the
Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
in 2012, as a community within the
Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter The Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or personal ordinariate of the Catholic Church for Anglican (Episcopal) converts in the United States and Canada. Former members of communions ...
, Mass is celebrated
ad orientem ''Ad orientem'', meaning 'to the east' in Ecclesiastical Latin, is a phrase used to describe the eastward orientation of Christian prayer and Christian worship, comprising the preposition ''ad'' (toward) and ''oriens'' (rising, sunrise, east), p ...
and follows the liturgical calendar of the Ordinariate; the feast of title is
Holy Cross Day The Feast of the Holy Cross, or Feast of the Cross, commemorates the cross used in the crucifixion of Jesus. In the Christian liturgical calendar, there are several different celebrations which honor and celebrate the cross used in the crucifi ...
. and Solemn
Evensong Evensong is a church service traditionally held near sunset focused on singing psalms and other biblical canticles. It is loosely based on the canonical hours of vespers and compline. Old English speakers translated the Latin word as , which ...
is celebrated once a month, which incorporates Eucharistic adoration and
Anglican chant Anglican chant, also known as English chant, is a way to singing, sing Meter (poetry), unmetrical texts, including psalms and canticles from the Bible, by matching the natural Prosody (linguistics), speech-rhythm of the words to the notes of a s ...
. Solemn processions occur several times throughout the year, most notably on the feast of Corpus Christi. At such times, a thirty-pound silver processional cross is used (see photo). The cross was a gift to Mount Calvary from Mary Coale Redwood, whose son George was the first Baltimore officer to be killed in the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. It was crafted by the
Warham Guild __NOTOC__ The Warham Guild was an Anglican organization of craftsmen and artisans, founded to "augment the studies of the Alcuin Club and the directives of ''The Parson's Handbook''" with "the making of all the 'Ornaments of the Church and of the Mi ...
and features Christus Triumphans, as well as scenes from the life of Christ and the symbols of the four evangelists.


Ministry

One of the early parishioners was
Robert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a general officers in the Confederate States Army, Confederate general during the American Civil War, who was appointed the General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate ...
, who “attended Mount Calvary Episcopal Church regularly” when working on Fort Carroll in 1849 and living at 908 Madison Avenue. Baltimore was a city sharply divided during the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
. The pastor of Mount Calvary Alfred Allen Paul Curtis (who later converted to Catholicism and became the second bishop of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington The Diocese of Wilmington () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory – or diocese, of the Catholic Church in the eastern United States. The diocese comprises the entire state of Delaware and the Eastern Shore Region of Maryland. On Thursd ...
) wrote that the Union victories were “steps and stages towards eventual ruin” and that they were “matters of humiliation and not of thanksgiving.” Episcopalian Bishop Whittingham reacted by ceasing to be a pew holder at Mount Calvary, saying that he did not wish to be “associated with a body so treasonably ungrateful for Divine Mercy shown in the deliverance of the State from armed rebels and thieves.” In spite of the early support of its rector for the Confederacy, Mount Calvary would become known for its outreach to the African-American community. The vestry voted "there should be no racial lines in the free seats of Mount Calvary Church," making it the first Episcopal church in Maryland to integrate. The parish "made an enviable name for itself by the remarkable work done by its clergy among the poor of the city” and was "renowned for its charitable work." Much of this reputation was due to the work of the curate Father Calbraith Bourn Perry, great-nephew of
Oliver Hazard Perry Oliver Hazard Perry (August 23, 1785 – August 23, 1819) was a United States Navy officer from South Kingstown, Rhode Island. A prominent member of the Perry family naval dynasty, he was the son of Sarah Wallace Alexander and Captain Christo ...
, whose experiences formed the basis for his book ''Twelve Years Among the Colored People, a Record of the Work of Mount Calvary Chapel of S. Mary the Virgin, Baltimore''. Perry was also the author of ''A Petition in Behalf of the Colored People'' In 1900, it was proclaimed that Mount Calvary was “the head centre of very wholesome educational and social work in Baltimore and deserves better and wider appreciation.” The parish founded and served three daughter churches for Baltimore's African-American community. Two of these churches, Saint Mary the Virgin, founded in 1873, and Saint Katherine of Alexandria, founded in 1891, became independent parishes. By 1881, Saint Mary the Virgin had become the largest African-American Episcopalian parish in the country and “became the church of Baltimore’s aristocrats of color.” The chapel featured a sculpture commissioned by the congregation of Mount Calvary, the
Adoration of the Magi The Adoration of the Magi or Adoration of the Kings or Visitation of the Wise Men is the name traditionally given to the subject in the Nativity of Jesus in art in which the three Magi, represented as kings, especially in the West, having fo ...
by African-American artist
Edmonia Lewis Mary Edmonia Lewis, also known as "Wildfire" (c. July 4, 1844 – September 17, 1907), was an American sculptor. Born in Upstate New York of mixed African-American and Native American ( Mississauga Ojibwe) heritage, she worked for most of her ...
. In 1872, Mother Harriet Brownlow Byron, co-founder (with the Rev. William Upton Richards) and superior of the
All Saints Sisters of the Poor The Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor is a religious order of sisters in the Anglican Communion. It was founded in 1851 and is active in England and the United States. In 2009 all but two of the American sisters were received into the Rom ...
in England, sent
Sisters A sister is a woman or a girl who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female sibling. The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to r ...
Helen, Serena, and Winifred to Baltimore to establish a community and “to do Mission work in Mount Calvary parish.” In 1987, the sisters and the parish jointly founded a hospice adjacent to Mount Calvary, the Joseph Richey House, named after the former pastor who, in 2004, was added to the calendar of Lesser Feasts and Fasts of the
Episcopal Diocese of Maryland The Episcopal Diocese of Maryland forms part of Province 3 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Province 3 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Having been divided twice, it no longer includes all of Marylan ...
, with a feast day of September 23. Dr. Bob's Place, the children's hospice, was opened by Joseph Richey House in June 2011.


Rectors

*1841–1842 Matthias L. Forbes,''The Journal of a Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Maryland'' (Baltimore: Jos. Robinson, 1841) page 37 a native of
Kingston, Ontario Kingston is a city in Ontario, Canada, on the northeastern end of Lake Ontario. It is at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River and at the mouth of the Cataraqui River, the south end of the Rideau Canal. Kingston is near the Thousand Islands, ...
, who died in 1883, aged 71Frank Leslies Sunday Magazine, Volume 13, p. 446 (1883) *1842–1844 John W. Hoffman *1844–1853 Alfred A. Miller *1853–1854
William Rollinson Whittingham William Rollinson Whittingham (December 2, 1805 – October 17, 1879) was the fourth Episcopal Bishop of Maryland. Early life and career Whittingham was born in New York City, the son of Richard Whittingham and Mary Ann Rollinson Whittingham ...
, bishop of the
Episcopal Diocese of Maryland The Episcopal Diocese of Maryland forms part of Province 3 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Province 3 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Having been divided twice, it no longer includes all of Marylan ...
*1854–1858 Cornelius E. Swope was one of the first two students to graduate from St. James School, Maryland *1858–1861 Thomas Richey, older brother of Joseph Richey, he became the second president of
Bard College Bard College is a private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The campus overlooks the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains within the Hudson River Historic District ...
*1861–1862 Christopher B. Wyatt, who in 1869 received an honorary doctorate in divinity from the
College of William and Mary The College of William & Mary (abbreviated as W&M) is a public research university in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1693 under a royal charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II, it is the second-oldest instit ...
*1862–1872 Alfred Allen Paul Curtis, future bishop of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington The Diocese of Wilmington () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory – or diocese, of the Catholic Church in the eastern United States. The diocese comprises the entire state of Delaware and the Eastern Shore Region of Maryland. On Thursd ...
*1872–1877
Joseph Richey Joseph Richey (October 5, 1843 – September 21, 1877) was an Anglo-Irish priest of Episcopal Church in the United States. He was known for his work among the African-American community of Baltimore and for his high church Anglicanism. His feast ...
, younger brother of Thomas Richey. *1878–1908 Robert H. Paine, at whose Mass to mark 25th anniversary of ordination to the priesthood, James Huntington presided. *1908–1948 William Adams McClenthen *1948–1958 Henry N. Botts *1958–1966 MacAllister S. Ellis ** Donald L. Garfield, curate *1966–1994 Rudolph L. Ranieri Jr. *1994–2000 William H. Ilgenfritz *2001–2006 John W. Klein *2006–2012 Jason Catania


Parochial administrators

Following reception into the Catholic Church, the title of rector was abolished. From 2012 to 2016, Mount Calvary was a quasi-parish, with the priest in charge holding the title of parochial administrator. *2012–2014 Jason Catania *2014–2016 Albert Scharbach


Pastors

In 2016, Mount Calvary's status was elevated to a full-fledged parish, with its priest holding the title of
pastor A pastor (abbreviated to "Ps","Pr", "Pstr.", "Ptr." or "Psa" (both singular), or "Ps" (plural)) is the leader of a Christianity, Christian congregation who also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation. In Lutherani ...
. *2016–present Albert Scharbach


Recent developments

In 2009,
Pope Benedict XVI Pope BenedictXVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger; 16 April 1927 – 31 December 2022) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 19 April 2005 until his resignation on 28 February 2013. Benedict's election as p ...
promulgated the
apostolic constitution An apostolic constitution () is the most solemn form of legislation issued by the Pope.New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law, pg. 57, footnote 36. By their nature, apostolic constitutions are addressed to the public. Generic constitutions use ...
''Anglicanorum Coetibus'' which enabled Anglican and Episcopal parishes and individuals to enter full communion with the
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
church. Mount Calvary voted in 2010 to separate from the Episcopal Church and to seek to become a community within the ordinariate. Mount Calvary became the first congregation to be received into the
Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter The Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or personal ordinariate of the Catholic Church for Anglicanism, Anglican (Episcopal) converts in the United States and Canada. Former members o ...
by its ordinary,
Jeffrey N. Steenson Jeffrey Neil Steenson PA (born April 1, 1952) is an American retired priest and prelate of the Catholic Church and a former bishop of the Episcopal Church within the Anglican Communion. Steenson was the first ordinary of the Personal Ordinariate ...
, on January 22, 2012. Mount Calvary was elevated to the status of a parish by
Steven J. Lopes Steven Joseph Lopes () (born April 22, 1975) is an American Catholic prelate. He is the bishop and ordinary of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter, a community for clergy and laypeople who celebrate according to the Anglican ...
on November 6, 2016, on which date he also consecrated the altar, placing within it some relics of
John of the Cross St. John of the Cross (; ; né Juan de Yepes y Álvarez; 24 June 1542 – 14 December 1591) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest, mystic, and Carmelite friar of ''Converso'' ancestry. He is a major figure of the Counter-Reformation in Spain, ...
.


References


External links

*{{official website, http://www.mountcalvary.com/index.php
Chair of Saint Peter The Chair of Saint Peter (), also known as the Throne of Saint Peter, is a relic conserved in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the sovereign enclave of the Pope inside Rome, Italy. The relic is a wooden throne that tradition claims belonged ...
Catholic Church in Maryland Churches of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter Episcopal Church in Maryland Buildings converted to Catholic church buildings 19th-century churches in the United States Baltimore City Landmarks