The Moscow State Jewish (Yiddish) Theatre (

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

: Московский Государственный Еврейский Театр; Yiddish: Moskver melukhnisher yidisher teater), also known by its

acronym An acronym is a type of abbreviation consisting of a phrase whose only pronounced elements are the initial letters or initial sounds of words inside that phrase. Acronyms are often spelled with the initial Letter (alphabet), letter of each wor ...

GOSET (ГОСЕТ), was a

Yiddish theatre Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Ashkenazi Jewish community. The range of Yiddish theatre is broad: operetta, musical comedy, and satire, satiric or nostalgic revues; melodr ...

company established in 1919 and shut down in 1948 by the

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

authorities. During its time in operation, it served as a prominent expression of

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

culture in

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

under

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

. Under its founding artistic director, Alexander Granowsky, productions were heavily influenced by the

avant-garde In the arts and literature, the term ''avant-garde'' ( meaning or ) identifies an experimental genre or work of art, and the artist who created it, which usually is aesthetically innovative, whilst initially being ideologically unacceptable ...

trends of Europe and many reflected an expressionistic style. Summertime tours to rural

shtetl or ( ; , ; Grammatical number#Overview, pl. ''shtetelekh'') is a Yiddish term for small towns with predominantly Ashkenazi Jews, Ashkenazi Jewish populations which Eastern European Jewry, existed in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. The t ...

s were extremely popular. At the end of a 1928 tour in Germany, Granowsky defected to the west, and

Solomon Mikhoels Solomon (Shloyme) Mikhoels ( lso spelled שלוימע מיכאעלס during the Soviet era , – 13 January 1948) was a Soviet actor and the artistic director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater. Mikhoels served as the chairman of the Jewish ...

became artistic director in his place. During Mikhoels' tenure the theatre branched out beyond classic Yiddish theatre productions to include works by Soviet Yiddish writers and

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

. The theatre continued to operate during World War II in Moscow and, after the evacuation of the city in 1941, in

Tashkent Tashkent (), also known as Toshkent, is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uzbekistan, largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of more than 3 million people as of April 1, 2024. I ...

. Mikhoels was murdered by the MVD in 1948 and his successor,

Benjamin Zuskin Benjamin Zuskin ( (Veniamin Lvovich Zuskin); April 28, 1899 – August 12, 1952) was a Soviet and Russian actor and director of the Moscow State Jewish Theatre (GOSET). Zuskin had the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR. Biography Zuski ...

, was arrested shortly after. In 1948 the Soviet authorities ordered the theatre to be shut down along with all other Yiddish theatre companies in the Soviet Union.

Founding and early years

It was conceived in 1916 and founded in 1919 by Alexander Granowsky as the Jewish Theatre Workshop in

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

. Early productions were offered at Maly Theatre, a small, 80-seat space.Posner, D. N. (2015). Moscow State yiddish (Jewish) theatre (GOSET). In S. Williams, ''The Cambridge encyclopedia of stage actors and acting''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/cupstage/moscow_state_yiddish_jewish_theatre_goset/0 On April 1, 1920, after the capital was changed to Moscow, the company was moved at the request of

Anatoly Lunacharsky Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky (, born ''Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov''; – 26 December 1933) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Soviet People's Commissariat for Education, People's Commissar (minister) of Education, as well ...

and became the Moscow State Jewish Theatre. Lunacharsky, the Soviet Minister of Enlightenment at the time, saw the company's potential to spread the

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...

message to the Jewish population of Russia and abroad. Chagall France 1921

Once in Moscow, the company began utilizing a house which was confiscated from a Jewish merchant by the name of L. I. Gurevich who had decided to flee the city around the time of the Russian Revolution. The house, which was built in 1902, consisted of three floors. The second floor featured a large living room that was converted into an auditorium consisting of 90 seats. The kitchen, which was directly adjacent to the new auditorium, was turned into a stage. The first and third floors were reserved for the actors and their families. The house-turned-theatre would later be named Chagall Hall after designer

Marc Chagall Marc Chagall (born Moishe Shagal; – 28 March 1985) was a Russian and French artist. An early modernism, modernist, he was associated with the School of Paris, École de Paris, as well as several major art movement, artistic styles and created ...

. The design of the foyer, as well as decorations, sets, and costumes for its first production were done by Chagall. However, this would be Chagall's only collaboration with Granowsky, as the two could not get along. January 1, 1921 was the date of GOSET's first performance in Moscow, a production called '' An Evening of Sholom Aleichem''. A year later, the company relocated to a substantially larger auditorium on Malya-Bronnaya Street capable of seating 500 people.

Style and practices

Granowsky was heavily influenced by the

trends of Europe and many of the company's early productions were examples of an expressionistic style. Archetypes, masks, heavy makeup,

Cubism Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement which began in Paris. It revolutionized painting and the visual arts, and sparked artistic innovations in music, ballet, literature, and architecture. Cubist subjects are analyzed, broke ...

, and the

grotesque Since at least the 18th century (in French and German, as well as English), grotesque has come to be used as a general adjective for the strange, mysterious, magnificent, fantastic, hideous, ugly, incongruous, unpleasant, or disgusting, and thus ...

were common staples of the company's performances in the 1920s. German critic Alfred Kerr wrote that Granowsky's productions were one of a kind and gave them high praise. Kerr, a reviewer with a "hard to please" reputation, found Granowsky's use of sound, movement, colour, music. and imagery to be both comedic and terrifying. The critic likened the performances to a humanity circus, noting they were without a single dull moment. Solomon Mikhoels 1936

Unlike many theatre companies, GOSET preferred to train their own performers rather than hire actors and dancers who were already considered professionals. By educating their own, inexperienced actors, the company hoped to avoid performers with the

melodrama A melodrama is a Drama, dramatic work in which plot, typically sensationalized for a strong emotional appeal, takes precedence over detailed characterization. Melodrama is "an exaggerated version of drama". Melodramas typically concentrate on ...

tic style common in other Yiddish theatre troupes.

Vsevolod Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilyevich Meyerhold (; born ; 2 February 1940) was a Russian and Soviet theatre director, actor and theatrical producer. His provocative experiments dealing with physical being and symbolism in an unconventional theatre setting m ...

's "

biomechanics Biomechanics is the study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to Organ (anatomy), organs, Cell (biology), cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechani ...

" was the preferred acting technique used by company members under Granowsky's direction. In the summertime, the company organized tours to the rural provinces where Yiddish theatre was actually more popular than in the larger cities.

Shtetl or ( ; , ; Grammatical number#Overview, pl. ''shtetelekh'') is a Yiddish term for small towns with predominantly Ashkenazi Jews, Ashkenazi Jewish populations which Eastern European Jewry, existed in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. The t ...

residents looked forward to GOSET performances given near their small towns each year. Audience numbers averaged 1,250 per night on tour, as opposed to the nightly house average of less than 300 for performances in Moscow. One of the best documented tours visited

Kiev Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

Gomel Gomel (, ) or Homyel (, ) is a city in south-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Gomel Region and Gomel District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it is the List of cities and largest ...

Odessa ODESSA is an American codename (from the German language, German: ''Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen'', meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Nazi underground escape-pl ...

, and

Kharkov Kharkiv, also known as Kharkov, is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city in Ukraine.

in the summer of 1924 and offered a variety of short sketches called ''A Carnival of Jewish Comedy'' in addition to full-length productions, such as '' The Sorceress'', ''200,000'', and '' God of Vengeance''. At the end of GOSET's European tour that took place throughout the majority of 1928, Granowsky chose to remain in Germany, never returning to the Soviet Union. The decision came after years of conflict with Russian authorities over artistic and financial decisions that Granowsky had made for the company. Soon after the theatre's founding, GOSET had attracted

, who eventually became the leading actor; after Granowsky defected to the West, Mikhoels took over as artistic director. The theatre's repertoire included adaptations of classic works by

Sholem Asch Sholem Asch (, ; 1 November 1880 – 10 July 1957), also written Shalom Ash, was a Polish Jews, Polish-Jewish novelist, dramatist, and essayist in the Yiddish language who settled in the United States. Life and work Asch was born Szalom Asz in ...

Mendele Mocher Sforim Mendele Mocher Sforim (, ; lit. "Mendele the book peddler"; January 2, 1836, Kapyl – December 8, 1917 .S. Odessa), born Sholem Yankev Abramovich (, ) or S. J. Abramowitch, was a Jewish author and one of the founders of modern Yiddish and Heb ...

, Sholom Aleichem—such as '' Tevye the Milkman'' (also adopted in the West as ''

Fiddler on the Roof ''Fiddler on the Roof'' is a musical theatre, musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and musical theatre#Book musicals, book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Russian Empire, Imperial Russia in or around 19 ...

'')—and Avrom Goldfaden—such as ''Bar Kokhba''. Under Mikhoels' direction, the company began to produce works by contemporary Soviet Yiddish writers, such as Shmuel Halkin, Perets Markish, and

David Bergelson David (or Dovid) Bergelson (, , 12 August 1884 – 12 August 1952) was a Yiddish language writer born in the Russian Empire. He lived for a time in Berlin, Germany, before moving to the Soviet Union following the Nazi rise to power in Germany. He ...

. Considered their most popular production, in 1935 the theatre produced

's ''

King Lear ''The Tragedy of King Lear'', often shortened to ''King Lear'', is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It is loosely based on the mythological Leir of Britain. King Lear, in preparation for his old age, divides his ...

'' to great acclaim with

playing the Fool and Mikhoels in the title role of Lear. The international success of the production meant that Mikhoels had achieved one of the theatre company's founding goals: to make Yiddish a language of art for countries around the world. Many of the theatre's plays were ostensibly supportive of the Soviet state, but closer readings suggest they actually contained veiled critiques of

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

's regime, most notably the production of ''King Lear'' and the planned production of ''

Richard III Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty and its cadet branch the House of York. His defeat and death at the Battle of Boswor ...

''. In 1929, in response to a rise in censorship imposed by the government, the company began offering works of Socialist Realism as expected; however, the artists placed Jewish subtext in each production by hiding it within allegory, symbols, and Jewish cultural archetypes. Works of Soviet realism were modestly funded, while works retelling historical Jewish achievements, such as

Bar Kochba Simon bar Kokhba ( ) or Simon bar Koseba ( ), commonly referred to simply as Bar Kokhba, was a Jewish military leader in Judea. He lent his name to the Bar Kokhba revolt, which he initiated against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Though they were u ...

and the

Maccabees The Maccabees (), also spelled Machabees (, or , ; or ; , ), were a group of Jews, Jewish rebel warriors who took control of Judea, which at the time was part of the Seleucid Empire. Its leaders, the Hasmoneans, founded the Hasmonean dynasty ...

, were large-scale productions. The company's production of ''Boytre the Bandit'' in 1936 was a

Robin Hood Robin Hood is a legendary noble outlaw, heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature, theatre, and cinema. According to legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. In some versions o ...

-like story written by Moshe Kulbak. The show celebrated the

proletariat The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian or a . Marxist ph ...

, and while praised by the press, it was condemned by

Lazar Kaganovich Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich (; – 25 July 1991) was a Soviet politician and one of Joseph Stalin's closest associates. Born to a Jewish family in Ukraine, Kaganovich worked as a shoemaker and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ...

, the most prominent Jewish figure in government. Kaganovich chided Mikhoels and the company members of GOSET for not portraying Jewish people in a positive enough light and requested they stick to productions retelling events similar to Bar Kochba. Shortly after, ''Boytre the Bandit'''s author, Kulbak, was arrested, prosecuted in a trial for show, and executed. In October 1936, the Committee of Artistic Affairs informed Mikhoels that he must move away from Granowsky's style of "formalism" (defined as a "departure from reality") and limit the company's productions to realistic portrayals of Jewish history, Jewish folklore, or Soviet Jewry.

Productions

* 1919: '' The Blind'' * 1919: ''Sin'' * 1919: ''Thamar and Amnon'' * 1919: ''The Builder'' * 1921: '' An Evening of Sholom Aleichem'' * 1921: ''Before Sunrise'' * 1921: '' God of Vengeance'' * 1921: '' Mystery-Bouffe'' * 1922: '' The Sorceress'' * 1922: ''Uriel Acosta'' * 1923: ''The Carnival of Jewish Masks'' * 1923: ''200,000'' * 1924: ''Get'' * 1924: ''Three Jewish Raisins'' * 1925: ''A Night in the Old Marketplace'' * 1926: ''The Tenth Commandment'' * 1926: ''137 Children's Homes'' * 1927: '' The Travels of Benjamin III'' * 1927: ''Trouhadec'' * 1927: ''Uprising'' * 1928: ''Luftmentshn'' 'Men of Air''(see wikt:luftmensch) * 1928–1929: European Tour ** ''200,000'' ** ''The Sorceress'' ** '' The Travels of Benjamin III'' ** ''Trouhadec'' * 1929: ''The Court is in Session'' * 1929: ''The Dams'' * 1930: ''The Deaf'' * 1931: ''Do Not Grieve!'' * 1931: '' Four Days'' * 1932: ''The Specialist'' * 1933: ''A Measure of Strictness'' * 1934: ''The Millionaire, the Dentist, and the Pauper'' * 1935: ''

'' * 1935: ''Wailing Wall'' * 1936: ''Boytre the Bandit'' * 1937: ''Shulamis'' * 1937: ''Family Ovadis'' * 1938: ''Bar Kokhba'' * 1938: '' Tevye the Milkman'' * 1938'': Restless Old Age'' * 1939: ''The Banquet'' * 1939: ''Arn Fridman'' * 1940: ''Solomon Maimon'' * 1940: ''Two Schmil Schmelkes'' * 1941: '' Wandering Stars'' * 1941: ''The Spaniards'' * 1942: ''Khamza'' * 1942: ''An Eye for An Eye'' * 1942: ''The Enchanted Tailor'' * 1943: ''Capricious Bride'' * 1945: ''Freylekhs'' * 1947: ''Holiday Eve'' * 1947: ''Sun Doesn't Set'' * 1947: ''Uprising in the Ghetto'' * 1947: ''Tumultuous Forest'' * 1948: ''Zoria Belinkovich'' * 1948: ''Life is Worth Living'' :Sources:

Artists

* Alexander Granowsky (founder, director, Artistic Director 1919–1928) *

(actor, writer, director, Artistic Director 1928–1948) ** Lear: ''

'' ** Reb Alter: '' An Evening of Sholom Aleichem'' ** Benjamin: '' The Travels of Benjamin III'' ** Hostmach: '' The Sorceress'' ** Trouhadec'': Trouhadec'' ** Uriel: ''Uriel Acosta'' ** Menakhem-Mendl: ''Luftmentshn'' ** Iulis: '' Four Days'' ** Berg: ''The Specialist'' ** Zayvl Ovadis: ''Family Ovadis'' ** Tevye: ''Tevye the Milkman'' *

(actor, Artistic Director 1948) ** Fool: ''

'' ** Baba Iakhna: '' The Sorceress'' ** Senderie: '' The Travels of Benjamin III'' ** Niome Burman: ''The Court is in Session'' ** Anatol: ''The Millionaire, the Dentist, and the Pauper'' ** Boytre: ''Boytre the Bandit'' ** Solomon: ''Solomon Maimon'' ** Shimen-Eli: ''The Enchanted Tailor'' * Sergei Radlov (director) ** ''King Lear'' ** ''Do Not Grieve!'' *

(designer) ** ''An Evening of Sholom Aleichem'' * Nathan Altman (designer) ** ''137 Children's Homes'' ** ''Arn Fridman'' ** '' Mystery-Bouffe'' * Alexander Krein (composer) ** ''A Night in the Old Marketplace'' ** ''137 Children's Homes'' ** ''The Spaniards'' * Isaak Rabinovich (designer) ** '' The Sorceress'' ** '' God of Vengeance'' * Isaak Rabichev (designer) ** ''200,000'' * Lev Pulver (composer) ** ''Trouhadec'' ** ''Bar Kokhba'' ** ''Wandering Stars'' ** ''Freylekhs'' * Aron Namiot (lighting technician) * Robert Falk (designer) ** ''A Night in the Old Marketplace'' ** '' The Travels of Benjamin III'' ** ''The Spaniards'' * Rakhel Imenitova (actor) * E.Z. Vayner (actor) * Moshe Goldblatt (actor) * Peretz Markish (writer) * Fedor Kaverin (staging and movement) ** ''The Court is in Session'' ** ''The Dams'' * Hershl Orliand (writer) ** ''The Dams'' * Aleksandr Tyshler (designer) ** ''

'' ** ''Bar Kokhba'' ** ''Wandering Stars'' * Vasily Fedorov (staging) ** ''Wailing Wall'' * Vadim Ryndin (designer) ** ''Shulamis'' * Leah Rom (actor) * Iustina Minkova (actor) ** Mrs. Maimon: ''Solomon Maimon'' ** Etl: ''Get'' ** ''Three Jewish Raisins'' ** ''The Sorceress'' ** ''The Carnival of Jewish Masks'' ** ''200,000'' ** ''A Night in the Old Marketplace'' ** Fruma: ''The Tenth Commandment'' ** ''Trouhadec'' ** ''The Travels of Benjamin III'' ** ''Man of Air'' ** ''Freylekhs'' ** ''

'' * Etta Kovenskaia (actor) ** Reysl: ''Wandering Stars'' * Sonia Binnik (actor) * Sara Rotbaum (actor) * Eda Berkovskaia (actor) * Solomon Zilberblat (actor) ** ''200,000'' ** ''Trouhadec'' ** ''King Lear'' ** ''The Travels of Benjamin III'' ** ''Zoria Belinkovich'' ** ''The Deaf'' ** ''The Enchanted Tailor'' ** ''Khamza'' ** ''Family Ovadis'' ** ''The Sorceress'' ** ''The Tenth Commandment'' ** ''137 Children's Homes'' ** ''Uprising'' ** ''Man of Air'' * Alexander Benoit (designer) ** '' The Blind'' * Joseph Achron (composer) ** '' The Blind'' :Sources:

Closure

During The Moscow Trials of 1936 to 1938, Mikhoels' daughter confessed that the family lived in fear while witnessing the arrests of many friends and colleagues. Despite the uncertainty of government reactions in the late 1930s, Mikhoels found himself in a position to aid Stalin during World War II by organizing a Jewish resistance movement, the aim of which was to mobilize the world's Jewish population in the struggle against

fascism Fascism ( ) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement. It is characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hie ...

. During the war, GOSET's performances were often interrupted by air-raid sirens that caused both performers and audiences to run for cover underground. Despite this, the company continuously endeavored to offer entertainment to keep the population of Moscow calm and give them an escape from hardships. In October 1941, GOSET was officially restructured by the Committee of Artistic Affairs and its planned productions were replaced by Soviet wartime

propaganda Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded l ...

pieces. After the evacuation of Moscow, most company members took refuge in

, Uzbekistan, where they continued to present performances to the

Uzbek people The Uzbeks () are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being among the largest Turkic ethnic groups in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority ...

. The company returned to Moscow in late 1943. After World War II, the rise of

antisemitism Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemi ...

in Russia caused people once referred to as "Brother Jew" to be labeled " Rootless Cosmopolitan", and members of government began to interpret Mikhoels' artistic choices as proof of Jewish nationalism. In January 1948, Mikhoels was murdered by the MVD, and his death was made to look like a car accident. Afterwards, Stalin's daughter,

Svetlana Svetlana () is a common Orthodox Slavic languages, Slavic feminine given name, deriving from the East Slavic languages, East and South Slavic languages, South Slavic root ''svet'' (), meaning "light", "shining", "luminescent", "pure", "blessed", ...

, would attribute his murder directly to her father's paranoia of

Zionist Zionism is an Ethnic nationalism, ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in History of Europe#From revolution to imperialism (1789–1914), Europe in the late 19th century that aimed to establish and maintain a national home for the ...

plots. After Mikhoels' death,

took became the company's artistic director. Months later, Zuskin was arrested and the theatre received orders to shut down along with all other Yiddish theatre companies in the Soviet Union. In addition, all members of the

Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, abbreviated as JAC, was an organization that was created in the Soviet Union during World War II to influence international public opinion and organize political and material support for the Soviet fight against ...

(also formerly headed by Mikhoels) were arrested. Zuskin was one of at least thirteen prominent Soviet Yiddish artists executed on August 12, 1952 in the event known as " The Night of the Murdered Poets" ("Ночь казненных поэтов"). GOSET may be referred to today as the Moscow State Jewish Theatre, Moscow State Yiddish Theatre, State Yiddish Theatre, Yiddish Chamber Theatre, Yiddish Worker's Theatre, Jewish State Chamber Theatre, State Yiddish Chamber Theatre, or the Yiddish Theatre-Studio.

References

Bibliography

* * * Veidlinger, Jeffrey (September 3, 2010).
Moscow State Yiddish Theater
" ''YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe'' * Zuskin-Perelman, Ala (2015). ''The Travels of Benjamin Zuskin''. Translated from the Hebrew by Sharon Blass. With photos. The author is the daughter of Benjamin Zuskin and Eda Berkovsky. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2015. . * Riss, Heidelore (2000). ''Ansätze'' zu einer ''Geschichte'' des ''jüdischen Theaters'' in ''Berlin 1889–1936''. ''Frankfurt'' am ''Main'': ''Peter Lang.'' p. 154 *

External links

Finding Aid to ''Moscow State Jewish Theater Archive (GOSET) in RGALI''
(in English and Russian)

Image gallery
Moscow State Yiddish Theatre correspondence, 1928
held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division,

New York Public Library for the Performing Arts The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center, is located at 40 Lincoln Center Plaza, in the Lincoln Center complex on the Upper West Side in Manhattan, New York City. Situated between the Metropolitan O ...

Moscow State Jewish Theater Archive (GOSET)
in RGALI is available on microfilm
Where the Tsar banned Yiddish theater, the Soviets would subsidize it

Shalom Moscow Jewish Theatre
{{authority control 1919 establishments in Russia 1948 disestablishments in the Soviet Union Jewish theatres Jews and Judaism in Moscow Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union Arts organizations established in 1919 Theatre companies in Russia Yiddish culture in Russia Yiddish theatre