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Mortadella () is a large made of finely hashed or ground cured
pork Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig (''Sus domesticus''). It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig animal husbandry, husbandry dating back to 8000–9000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooke ...
, which incorporates at least 15% small cubes of pork fat (principally the hard fat from the neck of the pig). It is traditionally flavoured with peppercorns, but modern versions can also contain
pistachio The pistachio (, ; ''Pistacia vera'') is a small to medium-sized tree of the Anacardiaceae, cashew family, originating in Iran. The tree produces nut (fruit)#Culinary definition and uses, seeds that are widely consumed as food. In 2022, world ...
s or, less commonly, myrtle berries. The sausage is then cooked. The best-known version of mortadella is PGI.


Etymology

The origin of the name is debated. One theory derives the name from the
Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
word (' mortar'), traditionally used in pounding the meat to produce the sausage. This theory, proposed by Giancarlo Susini, professor of ancient history in the
University of Bologna The University of Bologna (, abbreviated Unibo) is a Public university, public research university in Bologna, Italy. Teaching began around 1088, with the university becoming organised as guilds of students () by the late 12th century. It is the ...
, relies on two funerary steles kept in the Archaeological Civic Museum of Bologna, believed to pertain to the same monument, one showing a herd of piglets and the other a mortar and pestle. Another theory, introduced by Ovidio Montalbani in the 17th century, derives the name from a Roman sausage flavoured with myrtle berries that Romans called or (myrtle sausage). Myrtle was in fact a popular spice before pepper became available to European markets.


Varieties


Italy

* has protected geographical indication (PGI) status under
European Union law European Union law is a system of Supranational union, supranational Law, laws operating within the 27 member states of the European Union (EU). It has grown over time since the 1952 founding of the European Coal and Steel Community, to promote ...
and is the best known worldwide. The zone of production is extensive; as well as
Emilia-Romagna Emilia-Romagna (, , both , ; or ; ) is an Regions of Italy, administrative region of northern Italy, comprising the historical regions of Emilia (region), Emilia and Romagna. Its capital is Bologna. It has an area of , and a population of 4.4 m ...
and the neighbouring regions of
Piedmont Piedmont ( ; ; ) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the northwest Italy, Northwest of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the ...
,
Lombardy The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is ...
,
Veneto Veneto, officially the Region of Veneto, is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the Northeast Italy, north-east of the country. It is the fourth most populous region in Italy, with a population of 4,851,851 as of 2025. Venice is t ...
,
Marche Marche ( ; ), in English sometimes referred to as the Marches ( ) from the Italian name of the region (Le Marche), is one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. The region is located in the Central Italy, central area of the country, ...
, and
Tuscany Tuscany ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of 3,660,834 inhabitants as of 2025. The capital city is Florence. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its in ...
, it includes
Lazio Lazio ( , ; ) or Latium ( , ; from Latium, the original Latin name, ) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy, administrative regions of Italy. Situated in the Central Italy, central peninsular section of the country, it has 5,714,882 inhabitants an ...
and
Trentino Trentino (), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento (; ; ), is an Autonomous province#Italy, autonomous province of Italy in the Northern Italy, country's far north. Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the Regions of Italy, region of Tren ...
. * , also called , produced in Abruzzo, has (PAT) status. * , produced in Amatrice, Lazio, is made from minced pork and spiced with cinnamon and cloves. * , from Preci, Umbria, is also called , like , and produced in a similar style. * ', produced in Piedmont, is made from pork and pork liver and comes in two types: (cooked), sometimes called , and (raw), also called in Piedmontese; both types are recognised PAT. * is produced in Lombardy and recognised PAT. * , produced in Piedmont, in Val d'Ossola, is made from pork and up to 5% pork liver and is recognised PAT. * is made from horse meat in Albano Laziale, Lazio. * ', produced in Tuscany, in
Prato Prato ( ; ) is a city and municipality (''comune'') in Tuscany, Italy, and is the capital of the province of Prato. The city lies in the northeast of Tuscany, at an elevation of , at the foot of Monte Retaia (the last peak in the Calvana ch ...
, Agliana, Quarrata, and Montale, is also defined by an PGI. It is flavoured with pounded garlic and coloured with alchermes. * , also called , produced in Camaiore, Tuscany, is made from minced pork and spices, including fennel seeds, cinnamon, and cloves. * , produced in Trequanda, Tuscany, is made from a mixture of both lean and fatty pork. * is a traditional salami produced in Versilia, Tuscany; PAT Tuscany. * is produced in Massa Carrara, especially Montignoso, Tuscany. * , or , depending on its origin, is produced in Garfagnana and Lunigiana, Tuscany. * is a traditional salami produced in Accumoli, Lazio. * , also called is produced in
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
. * , from
Viterbo Viterbo (; Central Italian, Viterbese: ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in the Lazio region of Italy, the Capital city, capital of the province of Viterbo. It conquered and absorbed the neighboring town of Ferento (see Ferentium) in ...
, Lazio, is an industrially produced, flattened salami. * is a salami made from Maremmana beef and pork from Viterbo, Lazio. *' (note the difference in spelling), produced in Trentino-Alto Adige, in Val di Non, is made from minced pork.


Outside Italy

The American product called " bologna sausage" is an imitation of PGI. Similar imitations from around the world include "parizer", "polony", and "
devon Devon ( ; historically also known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel to the north, Somerset and Dorset to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Cornwall to the west ...
".


Brazil

A famous mortadella sandwich is sold at the Municipal Market of São Paulo in the city of São Paulo.


Middle East and North Africa

In several countries, such as Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait,
halal ''Halal'' (; ) is an Arabic word that translates to in English. Although the term ''halal'' is often associated with Islamic dietary laws, particularly meat that is slaughtered according to Islamic guidelines, it also governs ethical practices ...
or
kosher (also or , ) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher ( in English, ), from the Ashke ...
mortadella is sold, which is made from chicken, beef or turkey. The Siniora brand, a Palestinian brand established in Jerusalem in 1920, is the first in the region, a mortadella with sliced olives, pistachios or peppercorn. Lebanese is a brand that is sold around the world.


Poland

In Poland, slices are sometimes dipped in batter, fried and served with potatoes and salads as a quicker (and cheaper) alternative to traditional pork cutlets.


Romania

In Romania, a similar cold cut is also known as . In Hungary, a similar product is called and a plain variety called , or . The term is also often used in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, while is used in other territories of the Balkans. It mainly differs from mortadella and similar salami in that garlic is used instead of myrtle and it does not contain pieces of fat, pistachios or olives.


Russia and former Soviet Union

In Russia and other former Soviet states, a very similar product is called (, ). However, this product is usually made from a mixture of beef and pork (sometimes beef and lamb or chicken for
religious Religion is a range of social- cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural ...
reasons) and does not include pieces of fat or myrtle; mortadella-style sausages with bits of fat are called and . Instead, it is flavoured with just
cardamom Cardamom (), sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the genus (biology), genera ''Elettaria'' and ''Amomum'' in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indon ...
, sometimes
coriander Coriander (), whose leaves are known as cilantro () in the U.S. and parts of Canada, and dhania in parts of South Asia and Africa, is an annual plant, annual herb (''Coriandrum sativum'') in the family Apiaceae. Most people perceive the ...
and nutmeg, and also traditionally contains eggs and milk, which are usually absent in traditional mortadella. Unlike mortadella, contains lower amounts of fat and is high in proteins. The name "doctor's sausage" was coined in the Soviet Union in the 1930s to refer to sausages and meat products recommended by doctors to help with undernourishment and stomach problems. During the Soviet era, it was commonly advertised as being nutritious (due to its low-fat content) and remains popular throughout former Soviet states to the present day.


United States

Mortadella was banned from import into the United States from 1967 to 2000 due to an outbreak of African swine fever in Italy. The ban in the United States was lifted due to a veterinary equivalency agreement that allowed countries to export products that had been shown to be disease-free as part of an overall agreement that would allow products deemed safe in the United States to be exported to the European Union. In the 2020s, mortadella experienced a surge of interest, with numerous restaurants in New York and Los Angeles featuring mortadella dishes.


Vietnam

or Vietnamese mortadella is sometimes used as an accompaniment to the Vietnamese dish .


In popular culture

The plot of the 1971 comedy film '' Lady Liberty'' ( in Italian), starring Sophia Loren, is based on the United States ban on mortadella.


See also

* *
Pigs in culture Pigs, widespread in societies around the world since Neolithic times, have been used for many purposes in art, literature, and other expressions of human culture. In classical times, the Ancient Rome, Romans considered pork the finest of meats, e ...


References


Further reading

* * * *


External links


Consorzio Mortadella Bologna

Istituto Valorizzazione Salumi Italiani (IVSI)
Mortadella

{{Authority control Cuisine of Emilia-Romagna Italian sausages Cooked sausages Lunch meat Olive dishes