Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner (

Mongolian Mongolian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Mongolia, a country in Asia * Mongolian people, or Mongols * Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, the government of Mongolia, 1911–1919 and 1921–1924 * Mongolian language * Mongolian alphabet * ...

: ; Dagur: Морин Даваа Даор Ихькиеву Гуасей, ; zh, s=莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗), often abbreviated in official documents as Mo Banner (), is one of three autonomous banners in

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of China. Its border includes two-thirds of the length of China's China–Mongolia border, border with the country of Mongolia. ...

, China, created for the

Daur people The Daurs, Dagur, Daghur, or Dahur ( Dagur:Daure; Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ; Russian: Дауры, Daury) are a Mongolic people originally native to Dauriya and now predominantly located in Northeast China (and Siberia, Russia, in the past). The ...

. It lies on the

Nen River The Nen River or Nenjiang ( zh, c=, p=Nèn Jiāng, w=Nen-chiang), or Nonni () is a river in Northeast China. The Nen River flows through the northern part of Heilongjiang Province and the northeastern section of Inner Mongolia, some parts of the ...

, borders

Heilongjiang Heilongjiang is a province in northeast China. It is the northernmost and easternmost province of the country and contains China's northernmost point (in Mohe City along the Amur) and easternmost point (at the confluence of the Amur and Us ...

province to the east, south and southwest ( Nehe, Nenjiang, and Gannan County) and is under the administration of

Hulunbuir Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir, ''Hūlúnbèi'ěr''; , ''Khulunbuir'' is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Its administrative center is located at Hailar District, its largest urban area. Major scenic features are the high ...

City. The autonomous banner spans an area of approximately , and has a total population of 316,398 as of 2019.

History

During the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

, a

yamen A ''yamen'' (''ya-men''; ; Manchu: ''yamun'') was the administrative office or residence of a local bureaucrat or mandarin in imperial China, Korea, and Vietnam. In some places, such as Kowloon Walled City, Hong Kong, it was named as ''al ...

was organized in the area, which was organized as (). In 1946, the region was organized Buteha West Banner (). Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner was created on August 15, 1958. On April 1, 1969, the autonomous banner was placed under the jurisdiction of

Daxing'anling Prefecture Daxing'anling (), also known as Da Hinggan Ling, is the northernmost Chinese prefecture-level division, located in northwestern Heilongjiang Province. It covers and had a population of 520,000, as of 2004. It is named after the Greater Khinga ...

, before being moved back to Inner Mongolia's jurisdiction on July 1, 1979.

Geography

The autonomous banner is located in the northeast of

, along the west banks of the

, at the confluence of the

Greater Khingan Mountains The Greater Khingan Range or Da Hinggan Range ( zh, s=大兴安岭, t=大興安嶺, p=Dà Xīng'ān Lǐng; IPA: ) is a volcanic mountain range in the Inner Mongolia region of Northeast China. It was originally called the Xianbei Mountains, whi ...

and the Songnen Plains. The autonomous banner has an average elevation of approximately above sea level, with the autonomous banner's highest point of Waxigeqi Mountain (), in Dular Evenk Ethnic Township, reaching above sea level. 56 different rives flow through Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner. Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner is bordered by Nehe and Nenjiang in

province to the east, borders Gannan County in Heilongjiang province to the southwest, and borders

Oroqen Autonomous Banner Oroqen Autonomous Banner ( Oroqen: ɔrɔtʃeenŋi buwaan; Mongolian: ; zh, s=鄂伦春自治旗) is an autonomous banner that lies east of the urban district of Hailar in the prefecture-level city of Hulunbuir. It covers an area Area is ...

and

Arun Banner Arun Banner ( Mongolian: ; zh, s=阿荣旗) is a banner of northeastern Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Heilongjiang province to the south and east. It is under the administration of Hulunbuir City, and is north-northwest of the city of Qiqi ...

to the north and northwest.

Fauna

A number of nationally protected species are found in the banner, including the

Asian black bear The Asian black bear (''Ursus thibetanus''), also known as the Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle. It is distributed from southeast ...

, the

sable The sable (''Martes zibellina'') is a species of marten, a small omnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kaz ...

, and

reindeer The reindeer or caribou (''Rangifer tarandus'') is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, taiga, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. It is the only re ...

Climate

The autonomous banner experiences an average annual temperature of , annual precipitation typically ranging between and , and an average of 115 frost-free days annually.

Administrative divisions

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner administers 11

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

, 2

townships A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...

, and 2

ethnic townships An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, rel ...

Demographics

As of 2019, Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner has a population of 316,398, a 1.0% decrease from 2018, the 32nd most populous of Inner Mongolia's 103

county-level division The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since 1412, due to mainland China's large population and geographical area. In the People's Republic of China, the constitution provides for three levels of government. Ho ...

s. This is a slight increase from 2004, when the autonomous banner had a population of 314,584.

Vital statistics

As of 2018, the autonomous banner had a

crude birth rate Birth rate, also known as natality, is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a given period divided by the length of the period in years. The number of live births is normally taken from a universal registration syste ...

of 8.0 per thousand, and a crude death rate of 4.9 per thousand, giving the autonomous banner a

rate of natural increase In demography and population dynamics, the rate of natural increase (RNI), also known as natural population change, is defined as the birth rate minus the death rate of a particular population, over a particular time period. It is typically expre ...

of 3.1 per thousand.

Urbanization

As of 2018, Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner has 86,905 residents living in urban areas, giving the autonomous banner an urbanization rate of 27.19%.

Ethnicity

According to 2018 statistics compiled by the autonomous banner's government, there are 33,395 ethnic

Daurs The Daurs, Dagur, Daghur, or Dahur ( Dagur:Daure; Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ; Russian: Дауры, Daury) are a Mongolic people originally native to Dauriya and now predominantly located in Northeast China (and Siberia, Russia, in the past). The D ...

in the autonomous banner (10.45% of the autonomous banner's population), 6,851 ethnic

Evenks The Evenki, also known as the Evenks and formerly as the Tungus, are a Tungusic peoples, Tungusic people of North Asia. In Russia, the Evenki are recognised as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, indigenous peoples of the Russi ...

(2.14% of the total population), and 337 ethnic Oroqen (0.11% of the total population). According to a 2004 publication by the

National Ethnic Affairs Commission The National Ethnic Affairs Commission (NEAC), also called the State Ethnic Affairs Commission (SEAC), is a body under the leadership of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party that is responsible ...

, 80.3% of the autonomous banner's population is ethnically

Han Chinese The Han Chinese, alternatively the Han people, are an East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the list of contemporary ethnic groups, world's la ...

, 9.5% are ethnically Daur, and the remaining 10.2% belong to other

ethnic minorities The term "minority group" has different meanings, depending on the context. According to common usage, it can be defined simply as a group in society with the least number of individuals, or less than half of a population. Usually a minority g ...

Economy

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner has a gross domestic product of approximately 8,529,380,000 RMB as of 2019. Of this, 61.20% comes from the autonomous banner's

primary sector The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining. The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy in d ...

, 5.90% comes from the

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...

, and 32.91% comes from the

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the ...

. As of 2019, the average annual

disposable income Disposable income is total personal income minus current taxes on income. In national accounting, personal income minus personal current taxes equals disposable personal income or household disposable income. Subtracting personal outlays ( ...

for households in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner totals 15,825 RMB, a 7.9% increase from 2018. Average annual disposable income for urban households in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner totals 25,014 RMB, ranking last of all 101

s in

surveyed; the average annual disposable income for rural households totals 11,445 RMB, ranking 78th of the 90 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia surveyed. In 2018, consumer retail sales in the autonomous banner totaled 3,948,610,000 RMB, a 6.3% increase from 2017. In 2019, the autonomous banner generated approximately 309.35 million RMB in public budget revenue, ranking 73rd out of the 103 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia. There are approximately 263,000 mobile phone subscriptions in the autonomous banner, reflecting approximately 83.12% of the autonomous banner's total population. There are approximately 49,000 internet subscriptions in the autonomous banner, reflecting approximately 15.49% of the total population. As of 2018, 99% of the population has television access, and 98% of the population has radio access.

Agriculture

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous banner is the third biggest grain producing county-level division of Inner Mongolia, producing 1,737,448 tons of grain in 2019. The autonomous banner ranks 40th of 103 county-level divisions in meat output, producing 24,801 tons in 2019.

Education

There are 26

primary school A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore), elementary school, or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ...

s and 9

secondary school A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., b ...

s in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner.

Culture

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner has been recognized by the

as a center for

hockey ''Hockey'' is a family of List of stick sports, stick sports where two opposing teams use hockey sticks to propel a ball or disk into a goal. There are many types of hockey, and the individual sports vary in rules, numbers of players, apparel, ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

, and teams fielded from the autonomous banner have gone on to compete at the top level in China. In a 2018

field hockey Field hockey (or simply referred to as hockey in some countries where ice hockey is not popular) is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with 11 players in total, made up of 10 field players and a goalk ...

tournament for

teams, teams from Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner won a number of different formats, including fielding teams which won first and second place in the men's secondary school format, and a team which won third place in the men's under-15 format.

Healthcare

The autonomous banner's medical institutions have 1,020 beds, and are staffed by 1,334 personnel.

Transportation

of highways pass through the autonomous banner as of 2019.

Tourism

In 2018, 975,000 tourists visited the autonomous banner, generating 910 million RMB in tourism revenue. Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner is home to tourist attractions of various types, including sites regarding the local Daur culture and the region's history, as well as natural landmarks. The Chinese Daur Ethnic Park () and the Daur Ethnic Museum () are both located within the autonomous banner. Portions of the run through the autonomous banner.

References

{{authority control County-level divisions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China Hulunbuir