Etymology
The term "Moriya" is believed to derive from the Assamese word "mor," meaning "to die," possibly linked to the community's historical involvement in iron smelting and the production of weaponry. Another interpretation ties it to "muri" (puffed rice), indicating their close association with the agrarian lifestyle of Assam.History
The origins of the Moriya community trace back to the 16th century during the subjugation of Assam. They are believed to have arrived as soldiers under Turbak Khan, who fought against the Ahom kingdom. After their defeat, these soldiers were taken as prisoners of war and settled in the region. Over time, they married local women and assimilated into Assamese society, adopting the Assamese language and culture.. The Moriya Muslims are historically associated with iron smelting and blacksmithing. They were skilled craftsmen who contributed to the local economy by producing agricultural tools and weapons. This trade played a significant role in their cultural identity and earned them a distinct place in Assamese society.Culture and traditions
The Moriyas primarily speak Assamese, with a distinct dialect that reflects their unique heritage. Their speech is characterized by specific phonetic features, such as elongation of certain syllables, which distinguish it from other Assamese dialects. Historically, it is suggested that the Moriyas may have initially spoken Bengali, given their origins from the Gaur kingdom; however, they have since fully integrated linguistically into Assamese society. The Moriya community has been historically associated with the brass metal industry in Assam. They are renowned for their skills in crafting traditional brass items, which have been a significant part of Assamese culture and economy. This craftsmanship has been passed down through generations, making them integral to the preservation of this traditional art form. Their cuisine, dress, and social practices reflect a blend of Assamese and Islamic traditions. The community is known for its simplicity and adherence to both Islamic teachings and Assamese cultural values.Religion
The Moriya Muslims predominantly followEconomic activities
Historically, the Moriya Muslims were engaged in blacksmithing and iron smelting, producing tools and weaponry for the local population. Over time, many have diversified into agriculture, trade, and modern professions. Despite this, their historical association with craftsmanship remains a significant aspect of their identity.Recognition as Indigenous Assamese Muslims
In 2022, the Assam Cabinet approved the identification of five Assamese Muslim sub-groups—Goriya, Moriya, Julha, Deshi, and Syed—as "indigenous" Assamese Muslim communities. This recognition aims to protect their cultural identity and ensure their socio-economic development. This recognition aims to distinguish these indigenous groups from Bengali-speaking Muslims who migrated to Assam over different periods. The move is part of a broader effort to address concerns about cultural identity and resource allocation among Assam's diverse Muslim population. In October 2023, the Assam government announced plans to conduct a socio-economic survey of these five indigenous Muslim communities. The objective is to assess their current status and implement targeted welfare measures.Challenges
Like many indigenous communities in Assam, the Moriya Muslims face challenges such as socio-economic marginalization, lack of representation, and identity preservation. Efforts are being made by community leaders and organizations to address these issues and promote education and development within the community.See also
*References
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Further reading
1. Ahmed, S. (1985). *Muslim Communities of Assam*. Guwahati: Spectrum Publications. 2. Borah, H. (2000). *Assamese Muslims: History and Culture*. Gauhati University Press. 3. Census of India. (2011). *Religion Data: Asam.* 4. Local oral histories and ethnographic studies of Assam's Muslim communities. Muslim communities in Assam Indian Muslims