Morcilla (9610240477)
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A blood sausage is a
sausage A sausage is a type of meat product usually made from ground meat—often pork, beef, or poultry—along with salt, spices and other flavourings. Other ingredients, such as grains or breadcrumbs, may be included as fillers or extenders. ...
filled with
blood Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood is com ...
that is cooked or dried and mixed with a filler until it is thick enough to solidify when cooled. Most commonly, the blood of pigs, sheep, lamb, cow, chicken, or goose is used. In
Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...
and
the Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.'' Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sin ...
, typical fillers include meat, fat,
suet Suet ( ) is the raw, hard fat of beef, lamb or mutton found around the loins and kidneys. Suet has a melting point of between and solidification (or congelation) between . Its high smoke point makes it ideal for deep frying and pastr ...
, bread,
cornmeal Maize meal is a meal (coarse flour) ground from dried maize. It is a common staple food and is ground to coarse, medium, and fine consistencies, but it is not as fine as wheat flour can be.Herbst, Sharon, ''Food Lover's Companion'', Third Editi ...
, onion,
chestnuts The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Castanea'', in the beech family Fagaceae. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Description C ...
,
barley Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikele ...
,
oatmeal Oatmeal is a preparation of oats that have been dehusked, steamed, and flattened, or a coarse flour of hulled oat grains ( groats) that have either been milled (ground), rolled, or steel-cut. Ground oats are also called white oats. Steel- ...
, and
buckwheat Buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum'') or common buckwheat is a flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop. Buckwheat originated around the 6th millennium BCE in the region of what ...
. On the
Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...
and in
Latin America Latin America is the cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken, primarily Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese. Latin America is defined according to cultural identity, not geogr ...
and
Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...
, fillers are often made with
rice Rice is a cereal grain and in its Domestication, domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice)—or, much l ...
. Sweet variants with
sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecul ...
,
honey Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of pl ...
,
orange peel The orange, also called sweet orange to distinguish it from the bitter orange (''Citrus × aurantium''), is the fruit of a tree in the family Rutaceae. Botanically, this is the hybrid ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'', between the pomelo (''Citrus m ...
, and
spice In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
s are also regional specialties. In many languages, a general term such as ''blood sausage'' (American English) is used for all sausages that are made from blood, whether or not they include non-animal material such as bread, cereal, and nuts. Sausages that include such material are often referred to with more specific terms, such as ''
black pudding Black pudding is a distinct national type of blood sausage originating in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is made from pork or occasionally beef Blood as food, blood, with Lard, pork fat or Suet, beef suet, and a cereal, usually oatmeal, oat ...
'' in English. Other varieties of blood sausage include ''boudin rouge'' (Creole and Cajun), ''rellena'' or ''
moronga ''Moronga'' (also called ''rellena'', ''morcilla'', or ''mbusia'') is a kind of blood sausage. It is found in Uruguay, Argentina, Cuba, Colombia, Puerto Rico, Central America (El Salvador, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Costa ...
'' (
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
), and ''sanganel'' (
Friuli Friuli (; ; or ; ; ) is a historical region of northeast Italy. The region is marked by its separate regional and ethnic identity predominantly tied to the Friulians, who speak the Friulian language. It comprises the major part of the autono ...
).


Africa


Kenya

'' Mutura'' is a traditional blood sausage dish among the people of urban Kenyan regions, although recently its popularity has spread throughout Kenya. It is made with meat, blood, and spices all encased in the animal's intestines or stomach. In Kenya fillers include fresh minced goat, beef, mutton, fat, and
red onion Red onions (also known as purple or blue onions in some mainland European countries) are cultivars of the onion ('' Allium cepa''), and have purplish-red skin and white flesh tinged with red. They are most commonly used in cooking, but the skin ...
s. Nowadays many types of mutura, especially commercial street food versions, do not contain blood. The meat used in the filling can be any fleshy part, but like any other type of sausage, prime cuts are not ordinarily used for the stuffing. Instead the tougher, leaner cuts – for example the neck – are trimmed off the bone. The casing for the stuffing is the stomach sac and larger intestines. These are flushed many times with water to clean them. The meat for the stuffing is finely chopped or minced, and the mandatory fat is often trimmed from other parts. The meat is slightly fried, mixed with finely chopped red onions, salt and optionally fresh chili. Other additions include freshly chopped
coriander Coriander (), whose leaves are known as cilantro () in the U.S. and parts of Canada, and dhania in parts of South Asia and Africa, is an annual plant, annual herb (''Coriandrum sativum'') in the family Apiaceae. Most people perceive the ...
(dhania or cilantro), garlic, pepper, and even beef stock. This is then mixed thoroughly with the fresh blood from the animal, and stuffed into the stomach and intestines, with the openings sewn or tied together with string. The sausage is boiled in a large pot (often with other parts of the animal not roasted and used to make soup) for 30–45 minutes, and roasted over coals till brown. Sliced, it is served with
kachumbari Kachumbari is a fresh tomato and onion salad relish that is popular in the cuisines of the African Great Lakes region. It is an uncooked salad dish consisting of chopped tomatoes, onions, and chili peppers. Variations of kachumbari can be found ...
, an onion-based salad consisting of tomatoes, red onions and fresh coriander, a bit of chili and squeeze of lemon. The accompanying starch is
ugali Ugali, also known as posho, nsima, papa, pap, sadza, isitshwala, akume, amawe, ewokple, akple, and other names, is a type of corn meal made from maize or corn or ''mahindi'' flour in several African countries: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabw ...
.


Americas

''Morcilla'' is served in many areas of Latin America. ''Morcilla'' is sometimes made with a filler of rice and onions and seasoned with
paprika Paprika is a spice made from dried and ground red peppers, traditionally ''capsicum annuum''. It can have varying levels of Pungency, heat, but the peppers used for hot paprika tend to be milder and have thinner flesh than those used to produce ...
and other spices.


North America


United States

In the
U.S. The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous ...
territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, belonging or connected to a particular country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually a geographic area which has not been granted the powers of self-government, ...
of
Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
, blood sausage is known as ''morcilla''. Puerto Rican blood sausage is made with rice,
culantro ''Eryngium foetidum'' is a tropical perennial herb in the family Apiaceae. Common names include culantro (Costa Rica and Panama) ( or ), cimarrón, recao (Puerto Rico), chardon béni (France), Mexican coriander, samat, bandhaniya, long coriand ...
,
cilantro Coriander (), whose leaves are known as cilantro () in the U.S. and parts of Canada, and dhania in parts of South Asia and Africa, is an annual herb (''Coriandrum sativum'') in the family Apiaceae. Most people perceive the leaves as ha ...
, garlic, and
cubanelle The cubanelle, also known as the "Cuban pepper" (''ají cubanela''), is a varietal of mild sweet pepper from the species ''Capsicum annuum''. When unripe, it is a light, yellowish-green color, but will turn bright red if allowed to ripen. Compare ...
pepper. Some contain paprika and
annatto Annatto ( or ) is an orange-red condiment and food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (''Bixa orellana''), native to tropics, tropical parts of the Americas. It is often used to impart a yellow to red-orange color to foods, but ...
. Morcilla is especially popular during Christmas. Blood sausages are very difficult to find in US
supermarkets A supermarket is a self-service Retail#Types of outlets, shop offering a wide variety of food, Drink, beverages and Household goods, household products, organized into sections. Strictly speaking, a supermarket is larger and has a wider selecti ...
.
Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...
and
Sturgeon Bay Sturgeon Bay is an arm of Green Bay extending southeastward approximately 10 miles into the Door Peninsula at the city of Sturgeon Bay, located approximately halfway up the Door Peninsula. The bay is connected to Lake Michigan by the Sturgeo ...
,
Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...
, are both home to local grocers who produce blood sausage, due to their large
Belgian American Belgian Americans are Americans who can trace their ancestry to people from Belgium who immigrated to the United States. While the first natives of the then-Southern Netherlands arrived in America in the 17th century, most Belgian immigrants ...
populations. Supermarkets throughout
Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...
also carry locally produced blood pudding due to the state's large
French Canadian French Canadians, referred to as Canadiens mainly before the nineteenth century, are an ethnic group descended from French people, French colonists first arriving in Canada (New France), France's colony of Canada in 1608. The vast majority of ...
population. In southeastern
Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...
, Polish-style ''
kaszanka Kaszanka is a traditional blood sausage in Central and Eastern European cuisine. It is made of a mixture of pig's blood, pork offal (commonly liver), and buckwheat ( kasha) or barley stuffed in a pig intestine. It is usually flavored with onion ...
'' can be found in supermarkets throughout the year and is very popular. An Italian-American version of blood sausage in the
San Francisco Bay Area The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, is a List of regions of California, region of California surrounding and including San Francisco Bay, and anchored by the cities of Oakland, San Francisco, and San Jose, California, S ...
is called ''
biroldo ''Biroldo'' is a very dark, brownish-red, soft-textured Tuscan blood sausage about 4 inches (10 cm) wide, with lighter-coloured chunks of meat and fat in it. It was traditionally made from parts of the pig, offal such as the heart, lungs, ...
'' and has
pine nut Pine nuts, also called piñón (), pinoli (), or pignoli, are the edible seeds of pines (family Pinaceae, genus ''Pinus''). According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, only 29 species provide edible nuts, while 20 are traded locall ...
s,
raisin A raisin is a Dried fruit, dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia and South Afri ...
s, spices, and pig
snout A snout is the protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw. In many animals, the structure is called a muzzle, Rostrum (anatomy), rostrum, beak or proboscis. The wet furless surface around the nostrils of the n ...
s and is made using either pig's or cow's blood. German-style blood sausage and Zungenwurst can be found in
Fresno Fresno (; ) is a city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County, California, Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley (California), Central Valley region. It covers a ...
and
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina *Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * S ...
, where Russian and Armenian delis offer a wide range of Central European foods. Alpine Village in
Torrance, California Torrance is a coastal city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area located in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city is part of what is known as the South Bay (Los Angeles County), South Bay region of the metropolitan ...
, used to have Blutwurst due to a considerable German-American population in the South Bay area of Los Angeles County.
Cajun The Cajuns (; French: ''les Cadjins'' or ''les Cadiens'' ), also known as Louisiana ''Acadians'' (French: ''les Acadiens''), are a Louisiana French ethnicity mainly found in the US state of Louisiana and surrounding Gulf Coast states. Whi ...
''
boudin Boudin () is a type of sausage found in several French-speaking cultures. The added ingredients vary in French, Luxembourgish, Belgian, Swiss, Québecois, Acadian, Aostan, Louisiana Creole, and Cajun cuisine. Some variations such as boudin ...
'' is a fresh sausage made with
green onions "Green Onions" is an instrumental composition recorded in 1962 by Booker T. & the M.G.'s. One of the most popular soul songs ever, and R&B instrumentals of its era, it utilizes a twelve-bar blues progression and features a rippling Hammond M3 ...
, pork, pork liver (making it somewhat gritty or grainy), and rice. Pig's blood was sometimes added to produce ''boudin rouge'', but this tradition became increasingly rare after the mid-twentieth century due to the decline of the ''boucherie'' (traditional communal butchering) and government health regulations prohibiting the transportation of raw blood. As a result, Cajun ''boudin'' is now usually made without blood; however, blood or "black" ''boudin'' can still be purchased.


Mexico

In the
Yucatán Peninsula The Yucatán Peninsula ( , ; ) is a large peninsula in southeast Mexico and adjacent portions of Belize and Guatemala. The peninsula extends towards the northeast, separating the Gulf of Mexico to the north and west of the peninsula from the C ...
, ''morcilla'' is made exclusively from pig's blood and once deep fried it is served with a mix of pickled onions, cilantro and spices. It is always consumed in the form of
tacos A taco (, , ) is a traditional Mexican dish consisting of a small hand-sized corn- or wheat-based tortilla topped with a filling. The tortilla is then folded around the filling and eaten by hand. A taco can be made with a variety of filli ...
and paired with fresh
habanero The habanero (; ) is a pungent cultivar of ''Capsicum chinense'' chili pepper. Unripe habaneros are green, and they color as they mature. The most common color variants are orange and red, but the fruit may also be white, brown, yellow, green, ...
peppers. In Central Mexico, ''morcilla'' is known as ''
moronga ''Moronga'' (also called ''rellena'', ''morcilla'', or ''mbusia'') is a kind of blood sausage. It is found in Uruguay, Argentina, Cuba, Colombia, Puerto Rico, Central America (El Salvador, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Costa ...
''.


Central America and the Caribbean


Caribbean

In
Antigua Antigua ( ; ), also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the local population, is an island in the Lesser Antilles. It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the most populous island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. Antigua ...
, rice pudding is a local delicacy and it is prepared the same way as blood sausage. In
Barbados Barbados, officially the Republic of Barbados, is an island country in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies and the easternmost island of the Caribbean region. It lies on the boundary of the South American ...
, blood sausage, also called pudding, is made with sweet potato (''batata''), pig's blood and onions, seasoned with peppers and other herbs and stuffed in pig intestines. Traditionally pig's blood was used to darken the mixture but Browning sauce (caramelized sugar) is sometimes used as a substitute. It is normally served with ''souse'', which is pickled pig's feet, pig's ears and other trimmings. The cooked meat is cut into bite-sized pieces and soaked in a brine made of water, lime juice, cucumbers, hot pepper, and specially prepared seasonings. Blood sausage and souse, more commonly known as pudding and souse, is a Bajan delicacy usually prepared on weekends and special occasions. In the
French Antilles The French West Indies or French Antilles (, ; ) are the parts of France located in the Antilles islands of the Caribbean: * The two Overseas department and region of France, overseas departments of: ** Guadeloupe, including the islands of Bass ...
, ''boudin créole'', or ''boudin antillais'' is very popular, this being the French ''boudin noir'' with local Caribbean chilli and other spices. In
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean, comprising the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with several List of islands of Trinidad and Tobago, smaller i ...
, the local style of blood sausage is heavily seasoned with local peppers and traditionally prepared from pig's blood, often replaced by pig's liver today. It is sold by local producers as a popular accompaniment to rolls of crusty hops bread or served as an accompaniment to ''trotter souse'', a stew based on trotters. In the
U.S. The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous ...
territory of
Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
, it is served fried and mostly consumed during the holidays.


Central America

In
Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...
, blood sausage is called ''morcilla'', ''rellena'' or ''tubería negra'', and is usually filled with rice. In
El Salvador El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is S ...
and
Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...
, it is called ''moronga''. In
Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, ...
and
Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...
both ''moronga'' and ''morcilla'' are used. In
Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...
, blood sausage is called ''morcilla'' or ''moronga''; but unlike the rest of Latin America, it does not contain rice or other cereals, it is similar to the German blood sausage called ''Blutwurst''.


South America


Andean

In
Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...
,
Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...
and
Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...
the blood sausage is also called ''morcilla'', and is usually filled with rice. In
Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...
, ''morcilla'' can have rice, green peas, cilantro or culantro, and is often eaten as an appetizer called ''picada'' or with the traditional dishes ''bandeja paisa'' or '' fritanga''. In
Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...
, ''morcilla'' is often served with ''parrilla'' (barbecue).


Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay

''Morcilla'' is also eaten inside a sandwich called "morcipán", especially in the
Río de la Plata The Río de la Plata (; ), also called the River Plate or La Plata River in English, is the estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Paraná River at Punta Gorda, Colonia, Punta Gorda. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean and ...
. ''Morcilla'' is a component of the '' asado criollo'', a regional
mixed grill Many regional cuisines feature a mixed grill, a dish consisting of an assortment of Grilling, grilled meats. List of mixed grill dishes Mixed grill dishes include: *:bg:Мешана_скара, Bulgarian mixed grill (Meshana skara) – typical ...
or
barbecue Barbecue or barbeque (often shortened to BBQ worldwide; barbie or barby in Australia and New Zealand) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various cooking methods that employ live fire and smoke to coo ...
meal. In
Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...
and in
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
, a sweet version, usually called ''morcilla vasca'', including
raisin A raisin is a Dried fruit, dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia and South Afri ...
s and pine nuts is popular; some vendors even add chocolate, caramelised orange peels, peanuts, and other dried fruits. Uruguayans usually are fond of sweet or salty ''morcilla'', and most restaurants and supermarkets carry both versions. In
Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...
, it is mostly known under the name ''mbusia'', a guaranization of the word ''morcilla''.


Brazil

In
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
there is a version of the blood sausage called ''chouriço'' or ''morcela'' (sometimes the Castillian Spanish version ''morcilla'' is used as well), consisting of a fresh sausage made of the blood and fat from pork and usually
rice Rice is a cereal grain and in its Domestication, domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice)—or, much l ...
. It is a variation of the Portuguese blood sausage, and it is known for its deep dark color. In some regions, it is popular on barbecues (''Churrascos'') as a starter.


Chile

In
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
, the blood sausage is called "prieta" (a synonym of "negra", black) and tends to have a very thick skin, so is eaten cut open lengthwise. Apart from blood and a little fat, "prietas" may contain a variety of ingredients, such as chopped onion and spices, cabbage, peppers, watercress, rice, meat or even dried fruit or nuts. "Prietas" or "morcillas" are part of the Chilote tradition of "''reitimiento''" involving the slaughter and preparation of a pig. Prietas are easily found at supermarkets throughout the country and are available from practically any butcher.


Guianas

In
Guyana Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic British West Indies. entry "Guyana" Georgetown, Guyana, Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the co ...
, blood sausage is a very popular snack served at social occasions, and as "cutters" when drinking. The main ingredient is cooked rice seasoned with herbs, such as
thyme Thyme () is a culinary herb consisting of the dried aerial parts of some members of the genus ''Thymus (plant), Thymus'' of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae. Thymes are native to Eurasia and north Africa. Thymes have culinary, medici ...
and
basil Basil (, ; , ; ''Ocimum basilicum'' (, )), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints). It is a hardiness (plants), tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. In Western cuisine, the generic term "basil" r ...
. The rice is mixed with cow's blood, stuffed into cow's or pig's
intestine The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The tract is the largest of the body's systems, after the cardiovascular system. T ...
, and boiled until firm, sliced and served with Sour (a mild type of dipping sauce with hot peppers).
White pudding White pudding, oatmeal pudding or (in Scotland) mealy pudding is a meat dish popular in Great Britain and Ireland. White pudding is broadly similar to black pudding, but does not include blood. Modern recipes consist of suet or fat, oatmeal or ...
is also made. In
Suriname Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in northern South America, also considered as part of the Caribbean and the West Indies. It is a developing country with a Human Development Index, high level of human development; i ...
, blood sausage is known by the
Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...
name ''bloedworst'', and
white pudding White pudding, oatmeal pudding or (in Scotland) mealy pudding is a meat dish popular in Great Britain and Ireland. White pudding is broadly similar to black pudding, but does not include blood. Modern recipes consist of suet or fat, oatmeal or ...
by the equally Dutch name ''vleesworst''.


Asia

Across Asia, various people create food from congealed animal blood. Most of these food types do not have casings and might be considered a version of
sliced sausage The Lorne sausage, also known as square sausage and flat sausage is a traditional Scottish food item made from minced meat, rusk and spices. Although termed a sausage, no casing is used to hold the meat in shape, hence it is usually served as sq ...
.


East Asia


Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, the dish closest to blood sausage is
pig blood curd Pig blood curd (), also known as "blood tofu" or "blood pudding" (), is a popular delicacy originating from China. It is commonly served with carbohydrates, such as noodles or congee. Background Pig blood curd originated from blood rice pudding ( ...
, which is only made from pig's blood and is not considered a sausage.


Korea

The majority of
Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...
's ''
sundae A sundae (Sunday Ice) () is an ice cream frozen dessert of American origin that typically consists of one or more scoops of ice cream topped with a sweet sauce or syrup and other toppings such as sprinkles, whipped cream, marshmallows, chocola ...
'' (순대) can be categorised as blood sausage. The most common type of ''sundae'' is made of sweet potato noodle (''
dangmyeon Glass noodles, or fensi (), sometimes called cellophane noodles, are a type of transparent noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca, or canna starch) and water. They originated in China. A s ...
''),
barley Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikele ...
, and pig's blood, but some variants contain sesame leaves, green onion,
fermented Fermentation is a type of anaerobic metabolism which harnesses the redox potential of the reactants to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organic end products. Organic compound, Organic molecules, such as glucose or other sugars, are Catabo ...
soy The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean. Soy is a staple crop, the world's most grown legume, and an important animal feed. Soy is a key source of f ...
paste (''
doenjang ''Doenjang'' * () or soybean paste is a type of fermented bean paste made entirely of soybean and brine used in Korean cuisine. It is also a byproduct of soup soy sauce production. It is sometimes used as a relish. History The earliest soyb ...
''), sweet rice,
김치 Kimchi (; ) is a traditional Korean side dish (''banchan'') consisting of salted and fermented vegetables, most often napa cabbage or Korean radish. A wide selection of seasonings are used, including ''gochugaru'' (Korean chili powder), spri ...
, and
bean sprout Sprouting is the natural process by which seeds or spores germinate and put out shoots, and already established plants produce new leaves or buds, or other structures experience further growth. In the field of nutrition, the term signifies ...
s, in addition to the common ingredients. The Korean sundae is wrapped with pig's intestines. The addition of sweet potato noodle is a more modern addition to the dish.


China

In
Chinese cuisine Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from Greater China, China, as well as from Overseas Chinese, Chinese people from other parts of the world. Because of the Chinese diaspora and the historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine ...
s, whole coagulated blood is fried or steamed as a
snack A snack is a small portion of Human food, food generally Eating, eaten between meals. Snacks come in a variety of forms including Food packaging, packaged snack foods and other processed foods, as well as items made from fresh ingredients at ho ...
or cooked in a
hot pot Hot pot ( zh, c=, s=wikt:火锅, 火锅, t=wikt:火鍋, 火鍋, p=huǒguō, l=fire pot, first=t) or hotpot, also known as steamboat, is a dish (food), dish of soup/stock (food), stock kept simmering in a cooking pot, pot by a heat source on ...
. In
mainland China "Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a Geopolitics, geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addit ...
, "
blood tofu Pig blood curd (), also known as "blood tofu" or "blood pudding" (), is a popular delicacy originating from China. It is commonly served with carbohydrates, such as noodles or congee. Background Pig blood curd originated from blood rice pudding ( ...
" (), or "red
tofu or bean curd is a food prepared by Coagulation (milk), coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into solid white blocks of varying softness: ''silken'', ''soft'', ''firm'', and ''extra (or super) firm''. It originated in Chin ...
" (), is most often made with pig's or
duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family (biology), family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and goose, geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfam ...
's blood. Like the above dishes, this has no casing but is simply cut into rectangular pieces and cooked. In Northeast China, the "blood sausage" was a traditional food which is cooked with sheep or goat blood. In
Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...
, congealed
yak The yak (''Bos grunniens''), also known as the Tartary ox, grunting ox, hairy cattle, or domestic yak, is a species of long-haired domesticated cattle found throughout the Himalayan region, the Tibetan Plateau, Tajikistan, the Pamir Mountains ...
's blood is a traditional food. Chinese people also used pig blood curd that was consumed by laborers in
Kaifeng Kaifeng ( zh, s=开封, p=Kāifēng) is a prefecture-level city in east-Zhongyuan, central Henan province, China. It is one of the Historical capitals of China, Eight Ancient Capitals of China, having been the capital eight times in history, and ...
over 1,000 years ago in the south of China. In
Tibetan cuisine Tibetan cuisine includes the culinary traditions and practices of the Tibetan people in the Tibet region. The cuisine reflects the Tibetan landscape of mountains and plateaus and includes influences from neighbors (including India and Nepal ...
, sausages or ''
gyurma Gyurma is a blood sausage made with yak or sheep's blood in Tibetan cuisine. Rice or roasted barley flour can be added as filler. The sausage uses natural yak or sheep casing (intestine). This sausage is also consumed in the region of Sikkim, Bhutan ...
'' refer to blood sausages and are made with yak or sheep's blood which may or may not include either rice or roasted barley flour as filler. The sausage uses natural casing employing the use of yak or sheep's intestine.


Mongolia

The
Yasa Yasa was a bhikkhu during the time of Gautama Buddha. He was the sixth bhikkhu in the Buddha's sangha and was the sixth to achieve arahanthood. Yasa lived in the 6th century BCE in what is now Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in northern India. Yasa wa ...
permitted the eating of animal blood and entrails, which was previously forbidden, and blood sausage is now popular in
Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...
. Today, Mongolian blood sausage is sometimes prepared using the
khorkhog Khorkhog () is a barbecue dish in Cuisine of Mongolia, Mongolian cuisine. Khorkhog is made by cooking pieces of meat inside a container which also contains hot stones and water, and is often also heated from the outside. Preparation To make khor ...
method.


Japan

The general Japanese term for blood sausage is . After the introduction of
agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...
from the Asian continent in ancient times, Japanese culture was traditionally averse to blood. As a result, blood-based foods are uncommon in Japanese cuisine. Before 1945, remote villages in
Tochigi Prefecture is a landlocked Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 Square kilometre, km2 (2,474 Square mile, sq mi ...
(formerly
Shimotsuke Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Tochigi Prefecture.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''SHimotsuke''" in . Shimotsuke was bordered by Kōzuke Province, Kōzuke, Hitachi Province, ...
) were known to produce , a blood sausage made by filling tied-off sections of
deer A deer (: deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies Cervinae (which includes, among others, muntjac, elk (wapiti), red deer, and fallow deer) ...
or
bear Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family (biology), family Ursidae (). They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats ...
intestine with the animal's blood and boiling them in a metal pot over an open fire until the blood coagulated. Once the blood had solidified, the sausage was cut into circular slices and served with
soy sauce Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of China, Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermentation (food), fermented paste of soybeans, roasted cereal, grain, brine, and ''Aspergillus oryzae'' or ''A ...
.
Matagi The are traditional winter hunters of the Tōhoku region of northern Japan, most famously today in the Ani area in Akita Prefecture, which is known for the Akita dogs. Afterwards, they spread to the Shirakami-Sanchi forest between Akita and ...
hunters of the former Dewa and Mutsu Provinces are known to have made blood sausage using deer intestine and , or dehydrated boiled rice, as filler. Blood sausage is believed to have been introduced to Japan from the Jurchens.


Taiwan

In
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
, " pig's blood cake" () or " rice blood cake" (), made of pork blood and
sticky rice Sticky may refer to: Adhesion *Adhesion, the tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another *Sticky mat, an adhesive mat used in cleanrooms to lessen contamination from footwear *Sticky note, a generic term for a Post-it Note ...
, is served on a popsicle stick; this is a very popular snack at local night markets.


Southeast Asia


Indonesia

In
Bali Bali (English:; Balinese language, Balinese: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller o ...
, ''urutan'' is a version of blood sausage made with pork intestine and pork blood. It is served with rice. Another version in
Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
called ''saren'' or ''dideh'', is made with chicken's blood and usually cut into small cube pieces. In
Sumatra Sumatra () is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the list of islands by area, sixth-largest island in the world at 482,286.55 km2 (182,812 mi. ...
, ''kidu-kidu'' is a
Batak Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian peoples, Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who speak Batak languages. The term is used to include the Karo people ( ...
sausage dish made from pork intestines, served with sauce made from pork's blood and spices such as
andaliman ''Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'', or andaliman, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. Its range includes southern western China,Bangladesh, Bhutan, northern India and northeastern India, Nepal, Laos, Burma, northern Thailand, Vie ...
pepper.


Malaysia

In
Penang Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia along the Strait of Malacca. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula. Th ...
or other northern states,
pig blood curd Pig blood curd (), also known as "blood tofu" or "blood pudding" (), is a popular delicacy originating from China. It is commonly served with carbohydrates, such as noodles or congee. Background Pig blood curd originated from blood rice pudding ( ...
(known locally in
Penang Hokkien Penang Hokkien ( zh, c=庇能福建話, tl=Pī-néeng Hok-kiàn-uā, poj=Pī-né͘ng Hok-kiàn-ōa; IPA: ) is a local variant of Hokkien spoken in Penang, Malaysia. It is spoken natively by 63.9% of Penang's Chinese community, and also by ...
as "''too huet''"; ) is usually served with the local street-food specialty curry mee (curry noodles). It can also be mixed with some traditional Hokkien dishes as well.


Philippines

Blood sausage is known generically as ''longganisang dugô'' (lit. "blood
longaniza Longaniza (, or ) is a Spanish sausage ( embutido) similar to a chorizo and also closely associated with the Portuguese linguiça. Its defining characteristics are interpreted differently from region to region. It is popular in the cuisines ...
") in the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
. A notable native,
precolonial Colonialism is the control of another territory, natural resources and people by a foreign group. Colonizers control the political and tribal power of the colonised territory. While frequently an Imperialism, imperialist project, colonialism c ...
blood sausage is ''
pinuneg Pinuneg is a Filipino blood sausage originating from the Igorots The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera in northern Luzon, Philippines, often referred to by the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples, are an et ...
'', made from minced pork meat and innards in a casing of pigs’ large intestine, prepared in the
Cordillera Administrative Region The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR; ; ), also known as the Cordillera Region and Cordillera (), is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines, situated within the island of Luzon. It is the only Landlocked co ...
.


Thailand

In
Thai cuisine Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand. Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with aromatics and spicy heat. The Australian chef David Thompson (chef), David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that ...
''sai krok lueat'' (Thai: ไส้กรอกเลือด) is a blood sausage ( = sausage, = blood), often served sliced and accompanied by a spicy dipping sauce. "Blood tofu" is simply called ''lueat'' (, blood) in
Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...
. This can be used in many Thai dishes such as in noodle soups,
Thai curries Thai curry (, ) is a dish in Thai cuisine made from Thai curry paste, curry paste, coconut milk or water, meat, seafood, vegetables or fruit, and herbs. Curry, Curries in Thailand mainly differ from the Indian subcontinent in their use of ingredi ...
, or as an addition to certain rice dishes such as Khao man kai.


Vietnam

Vietnamese ''dồi tiết'' (Northern) or ''dồi huyết'' (Southern) is blood sausage, boiled or fried, made with pork blood, pork fat and basil.


South Asia


India

In Meghalayan cuisine, ''doh snam'' is type of blood sausage made from pork intestine with local spices and ingredients.


Nepal

In
Limbu Limbu may refer to: * Limbu people, an indigenous tribe living in Nepal, Sikkim (India) and Bhutan ** Limbu language, their Sino-Tibetan language *** Limbu script **** Limbu (Unicode block) * Rambahadur Limbu Rambahadur Limbu, (; 8 July 1939 ...
cuisine, ''sargemba'' or ''sargyangma'' is a type of blood sausage made mostly from pork intestines, pork fat, rice and ''yangben'', a type of edible wild lichen.Noyoz
''The Nepali Times'', 18-24 Jan 2013
Subba, J. (2008) ''History, Culture and Customs of Sikkim'', Gyan, p.133


Siberia

Khaan (sausage) ''Khaan'' (; from Mongol 'lord') is an extinct genus of oviraptorid dinosaur known from remains found in the Djadochta Formation of Mongolia, dating to the Late Cretaceous (Campanian, 75-71 million years ago). Description ''Khaan'' did no ...
( :ru:Хаан (блюдо)) - a pre-
Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...
ic blood sausage of
Turkic peoples Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members ...
, nowadays made only by the
Sakha people The Yakuts or Sakha (, ; , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to North Siberia, primarily the Republic of Sakha in the Russian Federation. They also inhabit some districts of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. They speak Yakut, which belongs to the Si ...
, as blood sausages are prohibited in Islam.


Europe


Central and Eastern Europe

Throughout Central and Eastern Europe, blood sausage, known as '' kishka'' (meaning "intestine"), is made with pig's blood and buckwheat
kasha In English, kasha usually refers to the pseudocereal buckwheat or its culinary preparations. In Slavic languages, "kasha" means porridge or puree. In some varieties of Eastern European cuisine, ''kasha'' can apply to any kind of cooked grain. I ...
. It is also known in Russia as ''krovyanka'' (кровянка), or ''krovyanaya kolbasa'' (кровяная колбаса, literally "blood sausage") and includes
buckwheat Buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum'') or common buckwheat is a flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop. Buckwheat originated around the 6th millennium BCE in the region of what ...
as a main filler, instead of oats or oatmeal. In
Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...
it's called ''kryvianaja kaŭbasa'' (крывяная каўбаса) or ''kryvianka'' (крывянка). In Ukraine it's called ''krov'yanka'' (кров'янка) or ''kryvava kyshka'' (кривава кишка), and ''kiszka'' or ''
kaszanka Kaszanka is a traditional blood sausage in Central and Eastern European cuisine. It is made of a mixture of pig's blood, pork offal (commonly liver), and buckwheat ( kasha) or barley stuffed in a pig intestine. It is usually flavored with onion ...
'' in Poland; ''krvavnička'' in Slovakia and ''Krvavica (sausage), krvavica'' in Slovenia, ''krupniok'' in Silesia. Polish ''salceson'' ("black" and ":pl:Salceson, Brunszwicki") are a type of head cheese ("brawn") that contains blood. In Hungary, ''véres hurka'' is typically made with pig's blood and barleycorn or cubed bread (typically zsemle) as filler as such also known as ''zsemlés hurka'' and ''gerslis hurka''. In Bulgaria, ''karvavitsa'' (кървавица) is usually prepared with pig's blood, fat and a variety of mountain herbs and spices and eaten warm during the winter. In Romania, the traditional ''sângerete'' (from ''sânge'', "blood" in Romanian) is made from shoulder butt pork meat, pork blood and a filler such as pre-boiled rice seasoned with pepper, garlic and basil. It has many regional variants, but the most common are the ''sângerete'' from Transylvania. Similarly, in Czech cuisine, ''jelito'' is made from second-rate pork, pig's blood and peeled
barley Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikele ...
; the stuffing served by itself, unformed, is called ''prejt''.


Northern Europe


Denmark

In Denmark, ''blodpølse'' is made from pigs's blood and suet, rye flour, brown sugar, raisins, salt, cinnamon and cardamom stuffed into natural or artificial intestines. It is usually boiled in its skin, eaten hot or cold, sometimes sliced and fried, served with syrup, cinnamon and stewed apples.


Estonia

In Estonia, ''verivorst'' (blood sausage) is made of pig's blood, barley groats, pork, marjoram and other flavourings. It is sold and eaten mostly in winter, being a traditional Christmas food. At that time there is a large variety of ''verivorst'' in stores, ranging in shapes and sizes. ''Verivorst'' is usually cooked in an oven, but sometimes also fried in a pan. ''Verivorst'' is often eaten together with lingonberry jam, but occasionally also with butter or sour cream. Another similar dish is called ''verikäkk'' (
black pudding Black pudding is a distinct national type of blood sausage originating in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is made from pork or occasionally beef Blood as food, blood, with Lard, pork fat or Suet, beef suet, and a cereal, usually oatmeal, oat ...
, or blood dumpling, depending on the shape). The popularity of ''verikäkk'' has decreased during the past decades (possibly because of its less appealing commercial appearance) and has mostly been substituted by ''verivorst''.


Finland

''Mustamakkara'' (literally "black sausage") is a roasted sausage containing pig's blood and very similar to Estonian ''verivorst''. The sausage is said to originate from Tampere and is considered an integral part of the city's culture. A dish similar to the British
black pudding Black pudding is a distinct national type of blood sausage originating in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is made from pork or occasionally beef Blood as food, blood, with Lard, pork fat or Suet, beef suet, and a cereal, usually oatmeal, oat ...
is also made by making batter out of pig's blood and baking it like pancakes. Traditionally, rye flour or
oatmeal Oatmeal is a preparation of oats that have been dehusked, steamed, and flattened, or a coarse flour of hulled oat grains ( groats) that have either been milled (ground), rolled, or steel-cut. Ground oats are also called white oats. Steel- ...
is used and minced onion is added to the mix. This dish is called ''veriohukainen'' or ''verilettu'' (blood pancake). ''Rössypottu'' is a traditional soup in northern Finland with blood pudding as a main ingredient. Most blood sausage dishes in Finland are often eaten with lingonberry jam to sweeten the taste.


Iceland

In Iceland, ''blóðmör'' is one of two types of ''slátur''. It is made from lamb's blood and suet, rye flour and oats, traditionally stuffed into pouches sewn from the lamb's stomach. It is usually boiled in its skin, eaten hot or cold, sometimes sliced and fried. After cooking, it is often preserved in fermented whey and acquires a distinct sour taste.


Ireland and the United Kingdom

Black pudding is the version of blood sausage native to the British Isles. While the term "blood sausage" in English is understood, it is applied only to foreign usage (e.g., in the story ''The Name-Day'' by Saki), or to similar blood-based sausages elsewhere in the world. Black pudding is generally made from pork blood and a relatively high proportion of oatmeal. In the past it was occasionally flavoured with Mentha pulegium, pennyroyal, differing from continental European versions in its relatively limited range of ingredients and reliance on oatmeal and barley instead of onions to absorb the blood.Jaine, T. and Davidson, A. ''The Oxford companion to food'', OUP, 2006, p.104 It can be eaten cold, as it is cooked in production, grilled, fried or boiled in its skin. It is often served sliced and fried or grilled as part of a traditional full breakfast, a tradition that followed British and Irish emigrants around the world. Black pudding is now part of the local cuisine of New Zealand and the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador. Stornoway black pudding produced on the Isle of Lewis, Scotland, is one of the most renowned varieties and has been granted Protected geographical indication, Protected Geographical Indicator of Origin (PGI) status. Ireland also has two distinctive varieties of black pudding: Sneem Black Pudding from County Kerry, and drisheen, which is distinguished by its gelatinous texture. The similar
white pudding White pudding, oatmeal pudding or (in Scotland) mealy pudding is a meat dish popular in Great Britain and Ireland. White pudding is broadly similar to black pudding, but does not include blood. Modern recipes consist of suet or fat, oatmeal or ...
(mealie pudding) is a further important feature of the traditional Kingdom of Northumbria, Northumbrian, Cuisine of Scotland, Scottish, Cuisine of Ireland, Irish and Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland breakfast. Black and white pudding, as well as a third variant, red pudding, is served batter (cooking), battered in some chip shops in England, Scotland and Ireland as an alternative to fish and chips.


Latvia

In Latvia, blood sausage is either called ''asinsdesa'' (blood sausage) or ''putraimu desa'' (groat sausage) because of the added
barley Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikele ...
groat (grain), groats. It is usually served with lingonberry jam and sour cream.


Sweden

''Blodpudding'' is a traditional medieval dish still popular in Sweden. The exact proportions and ingredients vary, partly according to regional preference, but generally it is made from pig's blood, milk, rye or barley flour, diced lard, either beer or ''svagdricka'', treacle and onion, flavoured with allspice and marjoram. It is then poured into forms and oven-baked in a waterbath. Most of the ''blodpudding'' consumed today is made on industrial basis. When prepared for serving, it is sliced and fried. The style of serving and accompaniments vary across the country, and it is not uncommon to have the ''blodpudding'' act as the meat in a meal. Nationally, the common way is to serve it with lingonberry jam, grated carrots and ice cold milk to drink. Fried bacon or pork side is also common. In Scania, the lingonberry jam is often replaced by finely sliced apples, fried along with the pork. Other blood-based foods include ''blodkorv'' (blood sausage) which differs from ''blodpudding'' by having raisins, pork tallow and apple sauce in it, ''blodplättar'' (blood pancakes, similar to the original Finnish dish ''veriohukainen'' above) and ''blodpalt''. There is also a soup made from blood, called ''svartsoppa'' (black soup).


Southern Europe


Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Slovenia

A similar blood sausage to ''karvavitsa'', called ''krvavica'' (крвавица), made out of similar ingredients, is eaten in Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia in wintertime, usually with sauerkraut and potatoes.


Italy

In Italian cuisine, Italy, regional varieties of blood sausage are known as ''sanguinaccio''. In Tuscany, ' is a sausage made with pig's blood and fat cooked in a pig's stomach. It is not reheated and is often spread on bread. It is found only in the south of Tuscany in the winter months and even there it can be difficult to come by. ''Biroldo'' is another type of black pudding which can be found in Tuscany, while the version made in southern Lombardy is called ''marsapan''. ''Migliaccio'' is a black pudding that is traditionally prepared in winter in Romagna. It is a sweet pudding with a thick black filling made with pig's blood, sugar, breadcrumbs, almonds, chocolate, butter and spices contained in a thin pastry crust. A similar pudding is made throughout southern Italy, generally called ''sanguinaccio'' or ''sanguinaccio dolce''.


Portugal

In Portuguese cuisine, there are many varieties of blood sausage. Sausages made of blood are usually called ''morcela'' (for the larger variety) and ''negrinha or negrito'' (from Portuguese language, Portuguese ''negro'' that means dark or black, for the thinner variety). There are many varieties around the Portuguese-speaking world. In Portugal proper, there are local varieties from different regions of mainland Portugal, including from Guarda, Portugal, Guarda, Portalegre, Portugal, Portalegre, Estremoz and Borba, Portugal, Borba, as well as from the Azores. A variety of morcela made with
rice Rice is a cereal grain and in its Domestication, domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice)—or, much l ...
, ''morcela de arroz'' (rice blood sausage), is typically associated with Tomar, Leiria, Porto de Mós, Fundão, Portugal, Fundão and Belmonte, Portugal, Belmonte. The morcela is made with a combination of different pork parts, namely blood and pork fat cut into pieces, seasoned with ground pepper, salt, garlic, dried garlic, and spices (including cloves and cumin), as well as wine in the pig's blood. The morcela is a smoked sausage, is black and has a glossy surface, while its dark interior is marbled with fat. There is also a type of black Chorizo, chouriço, also a smoked blood sausage because it is made with pig blood together with pig meat. It is called ''chouriço de sangue''. Places like Melgaço, Portugal, Melgaço and several other localities in North Region, Portugal, Northern Portugal, as well as in Beira (Portugal), Beiras and Alentejo, are famed for its production.


Spain

Spanish ''morcilla'' has many variants. The most well-known and widespread is ''morcilla de Burgos'' which contains mainly pork blood and fat, rice, onions, and salt, and is produced in two varieties: cylindrical and gut-shaped. In Albacete and La Mancha, the ''morcilla'' is filled with onions instead of rice, which completely changes the texture. In Extremadura the creamy ''morcilla patatera'' includes roughly mashed potatoes. In the northern regions and the Canary Islands there is a sweet variety known as ''morcilla dulce''. Other varieties introduce breadcrumbs, pine nuts, and almonds, and vary the proportions of the other ingredients or flavourings, some of them considered Delicacy, delicacies. There are other similarly famous kinds being made in Asturias (slightly darker and smaller, used for bean and chickpea stews) and León, Spain, León (without rice, grilled & spread on toasted bread). Other less popular varieties may add cumin to the pudding mixture, but this is not a standard practice. The cooking method for consumption is typically frying, stewing, grilling or roasting, often in served in slices and either as a side dish or on its own. There are many derivative foods made from morcilla, such as omelettes, stuffed red pepper, puff pastry, pizza, flavoured nachos, croquettes, and a range of fillings for different dishes. In Galicia, blood pancakes are called filloas.


Malta

The Malta, Maltese blood sausage is known as (plural: ). It was first described in the 1750s in Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis, Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius De Soldanis’s ''Damma tal-Kliem Kartaginis mscerred fel fomm tal Maltin u Ghaucin'', listing words of Carthagenese oriġin spoken widely across mainland Malta and the island of Gozo. The production of blood sausages in Malta was temporarily halted in 2004 when Malta in the European Union, Malta joined the European Union, as no adequate machinery was available in the country to ensure that the blood was handled according to EU standards. However, it was reintroduced on the local market in 2024, when appropriate equipment was procured by the state-run slaughterhouse to gather the blood in appropriate sanitary conditions.


Western Europe


Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg

In Belgian cuisine, Belgium and Dutch cuisine, the Netherlands, exist 2 varieties one called ''bloedworst'' and the other is called ''beuling''.
''Bloedworst'' is a big sausage with white chunks of suet, which is sold in slices of roughly . It is generally pan fried; sometimes apples are cooked alongside or on top of the pieces. It is also eaten with apple sauce, brown sugar, syrup or red cabbage. As a cold cut, thin slices are eaten as a sandwich topping.
''Beuling'' also called ''Zwarte pens'' (as opposed to the white variety that is referred to as ''Witte pens'') are individual blood sausages the size of a banana, the filling of which is uniform.
Both are made of blood, from predominantly cows or pigs, sometimes sheep or horse blood are used in specialty products. The blood is mixed with breadcrum, wheat- or potatoflour, or any combination thereof, and fatty parts of the head, belly and organ meat such as lung, tongue, heartmuscle, and spleen. The Luxembourg cuisine, Luxembourg träipen includes green cabbage, and is served pan fried with apple sauce. It was eaten in church in the Middle Ages during Carnival in the Netherlands, Carnival and is still consumed for breakfast, baked with apples and topped with apple syrup, during Carnival in the Dutch province of Limburg Province, Netherlands, Limburg.


France and southern Belgium

In French cuisine, France and Wallonia (south Belgium) ''boudin noir'' is traditionally prepared in ''charcuteries'', shops that prepare mainly pork products (and sometimes duck and game), but also sell smoked and dried
sausage A sausage is a type of meat product usually made from ground meat—often pork, beef, or poultry—along with salt, spices and other flavourings. Other ingredients, such as grains or breadcrumbs, may be included as fillers or extenders. ...
s, pâtés, and terrine (food), terrines, along with prepared salads. It is usually called ''boudin noir'' and is often made with cream with apples or onions as a filler. It is generally served with either cooked apples, mashed potatoes or both, and is appreciated by combining either the apples or mashed potatoes with each bite of ''boudin'', which has been gently heated and browned in butter. In France also, there are many different regional ''Boudins Noirs'' such as the large ''Boudin du Béarn'' with pork meat pieces usually eaten cold. The French ''Confrérie des Chevaliers du Goûte-Boudin'' (Brotherhood of the Knights of Blood Sausage Tasting) in Mortagne-au-Perche in southern Normandy holds an annual contest of international blood sausage specialities. Boudin is considered the emblematic staple of the French Foreign Legion, and gives its name to the Legion's Le Boudin, anthem.


Germany and Austria

The most common variant of German cuisine, German ''Blutwurst'' is made from pork rind, pork blood and regionally different fillers such as
barley Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikele ...
. Though already cooked and "ready to eat" it is sometimes served warm, similar to the style in France. In the Rhineland, where it is also traditionally made from horse meat, fried ''Blutwurst'' or ''Flönz'' is a constituent of various dishes. In particular in Cologne, the traditional ''Himmel und Erde'' (Heaven and Earth) combines apple sauce, mashed potatoes and ''Blutwurst'' served hot on one plate. In Berlin, hot ''Blutwurst'' mixed together with liverwurst and potatoes is called "'':de:Grützwurst#Varianten, Tote Oma''" ("Dead Grandma"). Other German variants are ''Blood tongue, Zungenwurst'', which is ''Blutwurst'' mixed with pieces of pickled ox tongue, and ''Beutelwurst,'' which is pressed in a linen or paper bag (''Beutel''). A variety of ''Blutwurst'', the ''Rotwurst'' from Thuringia (''Thüringer Rotwurst''), has geographical indication protection under EU law, with Protected geographical indications in the European Union, PGI status. ''Kartoffelwurst'' (potato sausage) is a post-World War II variety popular in the Palatinate (region), Palatinate, a reduced fat version of ''Blutwurst'' using potato cubes instead of bacon. In Austria it is often prepared in a dish known as ''Blunzngröstl'', which consists of pan-fried potatoes and blood sausage. This is usually served with freshly grated horseradish.


Symbol of Carnival

Many Roman Catholics celebrate Mardi Gras, the last day of carnival, (Literally meaning Carnival, Carne Vale, farewell to Meat in Italian) with rituals involving the blood sausage. For example, in Spain, they celebrate carnival with ''judías con morcilla'' (morcilla is a type of blood sausage) followed by the Entierro de la Sardina, funeral of the sardina. Likewise, in Belgium and the Netherlands, the Bloodsausage is a symbol for Carnival (most likely following the invasion of Spain during the Eighty Years' War). François Rabelais in France mentions in his "fourth book" (1552) carnavalesque figures called ''forest-dwelling Blood-puddings'' (Saulcis- sons montigènes, Boudins sylvatiques) as a farce representing the Swiss and German Protestants.


Additional varieties

Other varieties of blood sausage include ''blodpølse'' (Norway and Denmark), ''tongenworst'' (with added pigs tongues) (Netherlands), ''krvavica'' (Balkans), ''krovianka'' (
Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...
, Russia and Ukraine), and ''vėdarai'' (Lithuania).


Gallery

File:Morcela, botifarra e salsichas.jpg, Blood sausage (black sausage)
Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...
style File:Korean food-Sundae-01.jpg, Blood sausage Korean Peninsula style


See also

* Blood soup * Breakfast roll * Boerewors * Commonwealth Black Pudding Throwing Championships * Drisheen * Full breakfast * List of sausages * Red pudding * Sliced sausage *
White pudding White pudding, oatmeal pudding or (in Scotland) mealy pudding is a meat dish popular in Great Britain and Ireland. White pudding is broadly similar to black pudding, but does not include blood. Modern recipes consist of suet or fat, oatmeal or ...


References


External links


The Black Pudding.
A history and guide by The English Breakfast Society.
Black pudding recipe
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