Mooo!
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"Mooo!" (often stylized in
all caps In typography, text or font in all caps (short for "all capitals") contains capital letters without any lowercase letters. For example: All-caps text can be seen in legal documents, advertisements, newspaper headlines, and the titles on book co ...
as "MOOO!") is a song by American rapper and singer
Doja Cat Amala Ratna Zandile Dlamini (born October 21, 1995), known professionally as Doja Cat (), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, she began making and releasing music on SoundCl ...
. Originally self-published exclusively as a music video on August 10, 2018, it became a viral
internet meme An Internet meme, or meme (, Help:Pronunciation respelling key, ''MEEM''), is a cultural item (such as an idea, behavior, or style) that spreads across the Internet, primarily through Social media, social media platforms. Internet memes manif ...
and amassed over 578 million views. It was subsequently released as the lead single from the deluxe edition (and third overall) of her debut studio album '' Amala.'' The
viral The word ''Viral'' means "relating to viruses" (small infectious agents). It may also refer to: Viral behavior, or virality Memetic behavior likened that of a virus, for example: * Viral marketing, the use of existing social networks to spre ...
success of "Mooo!" is considered a major factor in Doja Cat's internet fame, ultimately "setting the tone for her career", despite being considered by Doja Cat herself as a "throwaway" and a "joke".


Background and recording

Prior to the release of "Mooo!", Doja Cat had released her "moderately successful" debut studio album, '' Amala'', in March 2018. She developed the song as an inside joke alongside her fans in early August 2018, not expecting it to go further than
SoundCloud SoundCloud is a German audio streaming service owned and operated by SoundCloud Global Limited & Co. KG. The service enables its users to upload, promote, and share audio. Founded in 2007 by Alexander Ljung and Eric Wahlforss, SoundCloud is ...
. She told ''
Dazed ''Dazed'' (''Dazed & Confused'' until February 2014) is a quarterly British lifestyle magazine founded in 1991. It covers music, fashion, film, art, and literature. ''Dazed'' is published by Dazed Media, an independent media group known for produ ...
'', "We started it on
Instagram Instagram is an American photo sharing, photo and Short-form content, short-form video sharing social networking service owned by Meta Platforms. It allows users to upload media that can be edited with Social media camera filter, filters, be ...
live, just me and 60 other people, and we all had fun coming up with puns and metaphors." The lyric “I’m not a cat, I don’t say meow” is a direct reference to her ex boyfriend, amateur DJ, Whiskers Po, formerly known as Meow Whiskers Po. They ended things not long before the release of Mooo! The song was inspired by Doja Cat's cow-print costume set which she wears throughout the song's music video. She wrote and recorded the song in six hours, while in bed in the costume. Doja Cat used a
sample Sample or samples may refer to: * Sample (graphics), an intersection of a color channel and a pixel * Sample (material), a specimen or small quantity of something * Sample (signal), a digital discrete sample of a continuous analog signal * Sample ...
of
Wes Montgomery John Leslie "Wes" Montgomery (March 6, 1923 – June 15, 1968) was an American jazz guitarist. Montgomery was known for his unusual technique of plucking the strings with the side of his thumb and for his extensive use of octaves, which gave him a ...
's " Polka Dots and Moonbeams", which producer Troy NōKA had chopped and sent to her the night before. After making a beat with the sample and recording vocals in
Logic Pro Logic Pro is a proprietary digital audio workstation (DAW) and MIDI sequencer software application for the macOS platform developed by Apple Inc. It was originally created in the early 1990s as Notator Logic, or Logic, by German software devel ...
, she immediately began filming the song's music video from her bedroom. According to Doja Cat, she completed the song and its video within 12.5 hours of one day. The song's music video gained over five million views in two weeks. After the video's viral success an updated single was released.


Composition

"Mooo!" is "a rather simple,
jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...
y song about the important things in life: eating cheeseburgers, maybe doing some kissing, and generally not being in the mood to do anything else." A
novelty song A novelty song is a type of song built upon some form of novel concept, such as a gimmick, a piece of humor, or a sample of popular culture. Novelty songs partially overlap with comedy songs, which are more explicitly based on humor, and w ...
, Doja Cat raps about being a cow, despite her name, and the pleasures of farm life in a pseudo-sexual way. The song contains a plethora of cows "
mooing Certain words in the English language represent animal sounds: the noises and vocalizations of particular animals, especially noises used by animals for communication. The words can be used as verbs or interjections in addition to nouns, and ma ...
" (mainly COW – SINGLE MOO, ANIMAL 02 from Sound Ideas's The General Series 6000) background vocals over "swelling harmonies" and
jazz guitar Jazz guitar may refer to either a type of electric guitar or a guitar playing style in jazz, using Guitar amplifier, electric amplification to increase the volume of acoustic guitars. In the early 1930s, jazz musicians sought to amplify their ...
. The refrain goes "Bitch I'm a cow / Bitch I'm a cow / I'm not a cat / I don't say meow". The song features a lyrical reference to the nursery rhyme "
Old MacDonald Had a Farm "Old MacDonald Had a Farm" (sometimes shortened to Old MacDonald) is a traditional children's song and nursery rhyme about a farmer A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The ter ...
", while also referencing hip hop songs including
Ludacris Christopher Brian Bridges (born September 11, 1977), known professionally as Ludacris (, spoken as "ludicrous" in American English), is an American rapper and songwriter. Born in Champaign, Illinois, Ludacris moved to Atlanta, Georgia, at age ...
's "
Move Bitch "Move Bitch" marketed and censored as "Move B***h" or simply "Move" is the fourth official Single (music), single from American rapper Ludacris' album ''Word of Mouf''. The single features American rappers Mystikal and I-20 (rapper), I-20. The sin ...
",
Schoolboy Q Quincy Matthew Hanley (born October 26, 1986), better known by his stage name Schoolboy Q (stylized as ScHoolboy Q), is an American rapper. He began recording in 2007, and released his first two mixtapes, ''ScHoolboy Turned Hustla'' (2008) and '' ...
's "
Collard Greens Collard is a group of loose-leafed cultivars of ''Brassica oleracea'' (the same species as many common vegetables like cabbage and broccoli). Part of the acephala cultivar group (or kale group), collard is also classified as the variety ''B.& ...
",
Chamillionaire Hakeem Temidayo Seriki (born November 28, 1979), better known by his stage name Chamillionaire (), is an American rapper. He began his career in Houston's hip hop scene in the late 1990s. He was briefly signed with the local record label Swishah ...
's "
Ridin' "Ridin is a song by American rapper Chamillionaire featuring fellow American rapper Krayzie Bone of Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, released on November 12, 2005, as the second single from his debut studio album '' The Sound of Revenge'' (2005). Produce ...
",
Kelis Kelis Rogers (; born August 21, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter and chef. She attended Manhattan, New York's Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts, where she played saxophone and was selected for the Girls Ch ...
's "
Milkshake A milkshake (sometimes simply called a shake) is a sweet beverage made by blending milk, ice cream, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup into a thick, sweet, cold mixture. It may ...
", Tear Da Club Up Thugs's " Slob on My Nob", and
Wu Tang Clan Wu-Tang Clan is an American hip hop collective formed in Staten Island, New York City, in 1992. Its members include RZA, GZA, Method Man, Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, U-God, Masta Killa, and, until his death in 2004, Ol' Dir ...
's " C.R.E.A.M.".


Music video

To prepare for filming, Doja Cat hammered a green
bed sheet A bed sheet is a rectangular piece of cloth used either singly or in a pair as bedding, which is larger in length and width than a mattress, and which is placed immediately above a mattress or bed, but below blankets and other bedding (such as ...
to her bedroom wall to act as a green screen and inserted
GIF The Graphics Interchange Format (GIF; or , ) is a Raster graphics, bitmap Image file formats, image format that was developed by a team at the online services provider CompuServe led by American computer scientist Steve Wilhite and released ...
s from
Google Google LLC (, ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial ...
into
Photo Booth A photo booth is a vending machine or modern kiosk that contains an automated, usually coin-operated, camera and film processor. Today, the vast majority of photo booths are digital. History The patent for the first automated photography m ...
. The video for "Mooo!" features Doja Cat clad in cow-print pajamas with
french fries French fries, or simply fries, also known as chips, and finger chips (Indian English), are '' batonnet'' or '' julienne''-cut deep-fried potatoes of disputed origin. They are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and f ...
in her nose and eating various fast food items. She raps in front of a
green screen Chroma key compositing, or chroma keying, is a visual-effects and post-production technique for compositing (layering) two or more images or video streams together based on colour hues ( chroma range). The technique has been used in many fie ...
which alternates between cartoonish GIFs of food, farms, and bouncing
anime is a Traditional animation, hand-drawn and computer animation, computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, , in Japan and in Ja ...
breasts, as well as brief video samples from
Cyriak Cyriak Harris, known mononymously as Cyriak (), his B3ta username Mutated Monty, and Mouldy in the Doom community, is an English freelance animator, artist, composer, and author from Brighton. He is known for his surreal and bizarre short w ...
's "cows & cows & cows". The video was filmed and edited by Doja Cat herself in the timespan of five hours maximum. She said in an interview that the green screen was actually made of her childhood bedsheets, as she was "obsessed with green" as a kid. The DIY video has been praised for its "lo-fi", and "low budget" nature. Sofia Mele of ''
Billboard A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertis ...
'' compared the video to that of
John Mayer John Clayton Mayer ( ; born October 16, 1977) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, but he left for Atlanta in 1997 with fellow guitarist Clay Cook, with whom he formed the short-liv ...
's "
New Light New Light, new light, New Lights or new lights may refer to: * New Light, North Carolina * New Light, Richland Parish, Louisiana * New Light (song), a song by John Mayer * ''New Light'' (EP), an EP by the band Moving Mountains * Old and New ...
" while describing it as a "meme-maker's paradise, charmingly kitschy in its use of green screen". The American animal rights organization
PETA People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; ) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president. Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and animal right ...
responded to the song's music video with a parody video told from the perspective of a cow that Kristin Corry of ''
Vice A vice is a practice, behaviour, Habit (psychology), habit or item generally considered morally wrong in the associated society. In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a negative character trait, a defect, an infirmity, or a bad or unhe ...
'' described as "pretty damn rude". Doja Cat responded to the parody, saying, "PETA can't say shit and they can suck it because I didn't actually hurt anybody. I didn't hurt any cows, dogs, cats, or frogs, or fucking ants. I'm not worth picking on." In addition to the parody, Doja Cat also responded to the negative criticism towards "Mooo!", tweeting: "I love that the majority of you guys are healthy and normal and then all of the people who don't like moo are taking their lives and a song I wrote about cows all too seriously, losing hair over it. I like to disappoint
woke ''Woke'' is an adjective derived from African-American English used since the 1930s or earlier to refer to awareness of racial prejudice and Racial discrimination, discrimination, often in the construction ''stay woke''. The term acquired p ...
-hip-hop people."


Reception


Critical response

Susanna Heller from ''
Insider Insider(s) or The Insider(s) may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Comics * ''Insiders'', a comic series by Mark Millar and Paul Grist, published in ''Crisis'' * The Insiders, a team of DC Comics characters in the Brainiac stories * ''I ...
'' described it as "the song of the summer", "a classic", and "a bop". Jordan Sargent of ''The Face'' wrote that the song "might seem silly, but at its core it's a tender and affecting piece of songwriting about perseverance and individuality". Aaron Williams of ''
Uproxx Uproxx Studios (stylized as ''UPROXX'') is an American music, entertainment and popular culture website and content studio. It was founded in 2008 by Jarret Myer and Brian Brater. The website was acquired in 2014 by Woven Digital (which later ...
'' said the song was "silly and strange and alarmingly catchy, exactly the sort of thing calculated to go viral on social media" while praising the "bold, hilarious rhymes". "Mooo!" was ranked at No. 2 on ''
Paper Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, Textile, rags, poaceae, grasses, Feces#Other uses, herbivore dung, or other vegetable sources in water. Once the water is dra ...
'''s list of The 100 Best Songs of 2018. Critics said the song was a great introduction to Doja Cat's catalog. Reporting for ''
Pitchfork A pitchfork or hay fork is an agricultural tool used to pitch loose material, such as hay, straw, manure, or leaves. It has a long handle and usually two to five thin tines designed to efficiently move such materials. The term is also applie ...
'' about Doja Cat's rise to fame with a throwaway song after the "sleepy rollout" of ''Amala'', Rawiya Kameir wrote "The sudden attention from 'MOOO!' gave oja Catan opportunity to remake her career in a way that suited her personality more, and the influx of followers meant leverage. Still, she acknowledges that there was a little smarting at getting so much attention for a throwaway, instead of an album that she'd worked hard on." Nitish Pahwa of ''
Slate Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade, regional metamorphism. It is the finest-grained foliated metamorphic ro ...
'' said the "throwaway song" was "perhaps her most mainstream claim to fame".


Accolades

"Mooo!" was ranked in various critics' lists of the best songs and music videos of 2018.


Credits and personnel

Recording and management * Engineered at Doja Cat's Bedroom (Los Angeles, California) * Mixed at Alcove Studios (Los Angeles, California) * Mastered at
Bernie Grundman Mastering Bernie Grundman (born 16 December 1943, Minneapolis) is an American audio engineer. He is most known for his mastering work and his studio, Bernie Grundman Mastering, which he opened in 1984 in Hollywood. The studio, which includes engineers Chri ...
(Hollywood, California) * Published by Mau Publishing, Inc./
Prescription Songs Prescription Songs is an independent music publishing and licensing company founded in 2009 by Lukasz "Dr. Luke" Gottwald. History Between 2013 and 2017, Prescription Songs held a joint publishing deal with Nashville-based Big Machine Records t ...
(BMI); Wiz Up Publishing/Sony/ATV Songs LLC (BMI); Yeti Yeti Yeti Music/WB Music Corp. (ASCAP); Universal Music Careers (BMI); EMI Blackwood Music, Inc. (BMI); Pharrell Pub Designee/Warner–Tamerlane Publishing Corp. (BMI); Block Off Broad Publishing/Ultra Empire Music (BMI); 10 × 2 Publishing/Ultra Tunes (ASCAP); Reservoir 416/Reservoir Media Management, Inc. (BMI); and Braids Publishing/Universal Music-Z Tunes (ASCAP) * Contains portions of "
Milkshake A milkshake (sometimes simply called a shake) is a sweet beverage made by blending milk, ice cream, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup into a thick, sweet, cold mixture. It may ...
", written by
Chad Hugo Charles Edward Hugo (born February 24, 1974) is an American musician and record producer. Alongside childhood friend Pharrell Williams, he formed the production duo the Neptunes in 1992, with whom he has produced numerous hit records for variou ...
and
Pharrell Williams Pharrell Lanscilo Williams (; born April 5, 1973), also known mononymously as Pharrell, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and fashion designer. He first became known as one half of the music production duo ...
; published by Universal Music Careers (BMI); EMI Blackwood Music, Inc. (BMI); Pharrell Pub Designee/Warner–Tamerlane Publishing Corp. (BMI); and portions of "
Move Bitch "Move Bitch" marketed and censored as "Move B***h" or simply "Move" is the fourth official Single (music), single from American rapper Ludacris' album ''Word of Mouf''. The single features American rappers Mystikal and I-20 (rapper), I-20. The sin ...
", written by Craig Lawson, Bobby Sandimanie, Jonathan Smith and Michael Tyler; published by Block Off Broad Publishing/Ultra Empire Music (BMI); 10 × 2 Publishing/Ultra Tunes (ASCAP); Reservoir 416/Reservoir Media Management, Inc. (BMI); and Braids Publishing/Universal Music-Z Tunes (ASCAP) Personnel *
Doja Cat Amala Ratna Zandile Dlamini (born October 21, 1995), known professionally as Doja Cat (), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, she began making and releasing music on SoundCl ...
 – vocals, songwriting, production,
engineering Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to Problem solving#Engineering, solve problems within technology, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve Systems engineering, s ...
*Antwoine Collins – songwriting; co-production, mixing * David Sprecher – songwriting; co-production *
Chad Hugo Charles Edward Hugo (born February 24, 1974) is an American musician and record producer. Alongside childhood friend Pharrell Williams, he formed the production duo the Neptunes in 1992, with whom he has produced numerous hit records for variou ...
 – songwriting *
Pharrell Williams Pharrell Lanscilo Williams (; born April 5, 1973), also known mononymously as Pharrell, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and fashion designer. He first became known as one half of the music production duo ...
 – songwriting *Craig Lawson – songwriting *Bobby Sandimanie – songwriting *Jonathan Smith – songwriting *Michael Tyler – songwriting *
Mike Bozzi Mike Bozzi is an American mastering engineer at Bernie Grundman Mastering in Hollywood, California. He won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year for mastering Childish Gambino's " This Is America", and is a six-time nominee for the Grammy Award fo ...
 – mastering Credits adapted from '' Hot Pink (Japan Version)'' liner notes.


Certifications


References

{{Doja Cat 2010s viral videos 2018 singles Comedy hip-hop songs Doja Cat songs Kemosabe Records singles Novelty songs RCA Records singles Song recordings produced by Yeti Beats Songs about cattle Songs written by Chad Hugo Songs written by Doja Cat Songs written by Lil Jon Songs written by Mystikal Songs written by Pharrell Williams Songs written by Yeti Beats Viral music videos