''Monodonta'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...

, the top snails. The genus ''Monodonta'' was first separated from the Linnaean genus ''

Trochus ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-to large-sized, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum, of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Trochus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:/ ...

'' by

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...

in 1801 with ''Trochus labio'' Linnaeus, 1758 given as the type species. ''Labio'' is a junior homonym of ''Labio'' Oken, 1815, itself a synonym of ''Monodonta'' Lamarck, 1799

Description

The very heavy, thick, solid shell has a turbinate-conic shape. The shell is smooth or spirally ridged. The outer

lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...

is plicate within. The short, porcellanous

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

is strong, cylindrical, bulging or more or less toothed near or at the base. Between this tooth and the basal margin there is a square notch or channel. The

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is as high as wide.Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
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Distribution

The species of this marine genus occurs over a wide area: Central and East Indian Ocean, Indo-China, Indo-Malaysian Oceania, the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

(Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia).

Species

Species within the genus ''Monodonta'' include: * '' Monodonta australis'' (Lamarck, 1816) * '' Monodonta canalifera'' Lamarck, 1816 * '' Monodonta confusa'' Tapparone-Canefri, 1874 * '' Monodonta gibbula'' Thiele, 1925 * '' Monodonta glabrata'' Gould, 1861 * '' Monodonta labio'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Monodonta lugubris'' Lamarck, 1822 * '' Monodonta nebulosa'' Forsskal in Niebuhr, 1775 * '' Monodonta neritoides'' (Philippi, 1849) * '' Monodonta perplexa'' Pilsbry, 1889 * '' Monodonta vermiculata'' (P. Fischer, 1874) * '' Monodonta viridis'' Lamarck, 1816 ;Species brought into synonymy : * ''Labio corrosa'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Diloma subrostratum'' (Gray, 1835) * ''Monodonta (Osilinus)'' Philippi, 1847: synonym of '' Osilinus'' Philippi, 1847 * ''Monodonta adelaidae'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Chlorodiloma adelaidae'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Monodonta aegyptiaca'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Rubritrochus declivis ''Rubritrochus declivis'', the sloping gibbula, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The shell grows to a length of 24 mm. The umbilicate, conical shell is solid. It is ...

'' (Forskål, 1775) * ''Monodonta alveolata'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''

Herpetopoma instrictum ''Herpetopoma instrictum'', common name the basket-like false top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontaidae.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Herpetopoma instrictum'' (Gould, 1849). Retrieved through: World Re ...

'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Monodonta angulifera'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''

Perrinia angulifera ''Perrinia angulifera'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontaidae.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Perrinia angulifera'' (A. Adams, 1853). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespe ...

'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Monodonta belliaei'' Michaud, 1829: synonym of ''

Homalopoma sanguineum ''Homalopoma'', common name the dwarf turbans, is a genus of mostly very small sea snails with a calcareous operculum, marine gastropoda molluscs in the subfamily Colloniinae of the family Colloniidae.Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P. (2011). Homalopoma ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Monodonta berthelotii'' d'Orbigny, 1840: synonym of '' Clanculus berthelotii'' (d'Orbigny, 1840) * ''Monodonta bourcierei'' Crosse, 1863: synonym of ''

'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Monodonta carchedonius'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Modulus carchedonius'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Monodonta clathrata'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus clathratus'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Monodonta colubrina'' (Gould, 1851): synonym of '' Osilinus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Monodonta conica'' Gray, 1827: synonym of '' Thalotia conica'' (Gray, 1827) * ''Monodonta constellata'' (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863): synonym of '' Trochus constellatus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863 * ''Monodonta constricta'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Austrocochlea constricta ''Austrocochlea constricta'', common names the southern periwinkle, common periwinkle, or ribbon monodonta, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Austrocochlea constr ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Monodonta coronaria'' Lamarck, 1816: synonym of '' Tectarius grandinatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Monodonta couturii'' Payraudeau, B.-C., 1826: synonym of '' Clanculus corallinus'' (Gmelin, J.F., 1791) * ''Monodonta crinita'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Chlorodiloma crinita'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Monodonta dama'' (Philippi, 1848): synonym of '' Monodonta nebulosa'' Forsskal in Niebuhr, 1775 * ''Monodonta draparnaudii'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Phorcus articulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Monodonta fischeri'' Montrouzier n Souverbie & Montrouzier 1866: synonym of '' Herpetopoma fischeri'' (Montrouzier n Souverbie & Montrouzier 1866); synonym of '' Herpetopoma exasperatum'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Monodonta foveolata'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus clathratus'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Monodonta fragaroides'' Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of ''

Phorcus turbinatus ''Phorcus turbinatus'', common name the turbinate monodont, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Gofas, S. (2012). ''Phorcus turbinatus'' (Born, 1780). Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Monodonta fulgurata'' (Philippi, 1846): synonym of '' Oxystele fulgurata'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Monodonta glomus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Clanculus jussieui'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Monodonta immanis'' Fischer, 1880: synonym of '' Monodonta labio'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Monodonta jussieui'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Clanculus jussieui'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Monodonta kraussii'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of ''

Clanculus kraussii ''Clanculus kraussii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Gofas, S. (2014). Clanculus kraussii (Philippi, 1846). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinesp ...

'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Monodonta lessoni'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of ''

Gibbula divaricata ''Steromphala divaricata'', common name the divaricate gibbula, is a species of small sea snail, known as top snails or top shells, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromp ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *'' Monodonta limbata'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Danilia tinei'' (Calcara, 1839) * ''Monodonta lineata'' (Da Costa, 1778) synonym of ''

Osilinus lineatus ''Phorcus lineatus'', common name the lined top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Gofas, S. (2012). ''Phorcus lineatus'' (da Costa, 1778). Accessed through: World Register of M ...

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Monodonta margaritaria'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Clanculus margaritarius'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Monodonta melaurchelonis'' Philippi: synonym of '' Monodonta labio'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Monodonta mutabilis'' (Philippi, 1846): synonym of '' Phorcus mutabilis'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Monodonta obscura'' (Wood, 1828): synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Monodonta olivieri'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Monodonta punicea'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Clanculus puniceus'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Monodonta richardi'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Phorcus richardi'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Monodonta rubra'' A. Adams, 1851: synonym of '' Herpetopoma rubrum'' (A. Adams, 1851) * ''Monodonta sagittifera'' Lamarck: synonym of ''

Oxystele impervia ''Oxystele impervia'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 18 mm. The imperforate, rather thin shell has a conoidal s ...

'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Monodonta subrostrata'' Gray, 1835: synonym of ''

Diloma subrostrata ''Diloma subrostratum'', common name the mudflat top shell, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Marshall, B.; Bouchet, P. (2016). Diloma subrostratum (Gray, 1835). In: MolluscaBase ...

'' (Gray, 1835) * ''Monodonta tigrinus'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of ''

Oxystele tigrina ''Oxystele tigrina'', common name the tiger top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of an adult shell varies between 25 mm and 43 mm. The more or l ...

'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Monodonta tinei'' Calcara, 1839: synonym of '' Danilia tinei'' (Calcara, 1839) * ''Monodonta tridentata'' Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of ''

Tegula tridentata ''Tegula tridentata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Tegulidae.Bouchet, P. (2013). Tegula tridentata (Potiez & Michaud, 1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Speci ...

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Monodonta tuberculata'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Monodonta labio'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Monodonta turbinata'' (Born, 1778): synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Monodonta ulvae'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Phorcus articulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Monodonta vieilliotii'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Clanculus cruciatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758)

References

* Lamarck, 1799, Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1: 74; Monodon uvier, 1817is an incorrect subsequent spelling. * Montfort, 1810, ''Conchyliologie systématique'', 2: 194; Unjustified emendation of Monodonta * Moore, R.C. (1964). ''

Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,'' published from 1953–2007 by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, then 2009–present by the University of Kansas Paleontological Institute, is a definitive multi-authore ...

. Part 1.'' Kansas : University of Kansas Press and Geological Society of America. Vol.1 * Donald K.M., Kennedy M. & Spencer H.G. (2005) ''The phylogeny and taxonomy of austral monodontine topshells (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae), inferred from DNA sequences''. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 474-483. * Williams S.T., Donald K.M., Spencer H.G. & Nakano T. (2010) ''Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea)''. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:783-809.

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q6901528 Trochidae Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Gastropod genera