''Monochamus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

longhorn beetles The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are characterized by Antenn ...

found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their

larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

e bore into dead or dying trees, especially

conifer Conifers () are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a sin ...

The Free Dictionary ''The Free Dictionary'' is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources. It is accessible in fourteen languages. History The Free Dictionary was launched in 2005 by Farlex. In the same year, ...

(TFD) (2008)
Genus Monochamus
Retrieved 23 March 2009. such as

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as cu ...

s. They are the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...

of the Monochamini, a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

in the huge long-horned beetle

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Lamiinae Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae Cerambycinae is a s ...

, but typically included in the

Lamiini Lamiini is a tribe of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.Biolib.cz - Tribus Lamiini
Retrieved on 8 Sep ...

today. If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage. Some species are known to transport

phoretic Phoresis or phoresy is a temporary Commensalism, commensalistic relationship when an organism (a phoront or phoretic) attaches itself to a host organism solely for travel. It has been seen in tick, ticks and mite, mites since the 18th century, ...

Bursaphelenchus __NOTOC__ ''Bursaphelenchus'' is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the order Aphelenchida. Most are obligate mycophages, but some feed on wood, with two species, the red ring nematode (''B. cocophilus'') and the pine wood nematode (''B. x ...

nematode The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (h ...

s, including '' B. xylophilus'' which causes pine

wilt disease A wilt disease is any number of diseases that affect the vascular system of plants. Attacks by fungi, bacteria, and nematodes can cause rapid killing of plants, large tree branches or even entire trees. Wilt diseases in woody plants tend to fal ...

Kansas State University Kansas State University (KSU, Kansas State, or K-State) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university with its main campus in Manhattan, Kansas, United States. It was opened as the state's land-grant coll ...

Extension Horticulture (KSU-EH) (2005)
Pine Wilt
. Version of 28 February 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2009.

Description

Beetles in this genus are black or mottled gray in colour. Like other Lamiinae, the head is oriented vertically with ventral mouthparts. The scape (first antennal segment) has a circatrix, a carinate ring or scar-like area near the tip. Antennae of females are roughly as long as the body, while antennae of males are twice as long. The tarsal claws are divergent.

Life cycle

Adults feed within the crowns of healthy trees. Adult females oviposit (lay eggs) in slits in the bark of dying or dead trees.

Larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

e hatch from eggs and develop in wood, passing through several instars. Next is a

pupa A pupa (; : pupae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages th ...

l stage. In spring, new adults emerge, starting the life cycle again.

Association with nematodes

The pine wood nematode ''Bursaphalenchus xylophilous'' is transmitted by several ''Monochamus'' species, and its life cycle is tied with that of its vector. When nematode-infested adult ''Monochamus'' feed on healthy trees, they create wounds that allow nematodes to enter. In a susceptible host tree, nematodes breed in the

xylem Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue (biology), tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem; both of these are part of the vascular bundle. The basic function of the xylem is to transport water upward from the roots to parts o ...

and eventually kill the tree. In a resistant host, the nematodes die instead. When nematode-infested adult ''Monochamus'' oviposit in dying or dead trees, the slits they make in the bark for their eggs also allow nematodes to enter. Nematodes reproduce and feed on wood cells or fungi. Eventually, new ''Monochamus'' adults emerge from pupae, and while these are still

callow Callow may refer to: Places *County Carlow, Republic of Ireland * Callow, Derbyshire * Callow, Herefordshire * Callow, Shropshire *Callow Hill, Worcestershire * Callow End, Worcestershire * Callow, County Fermanagh, a townland in County Fermanagh, ...

, nematodes enter them via the thoracic spiracles.

Associations with other organisms

Bark beetle A bark beetle is the common name for the subfamily of beetles Scolytinae. Previously, this was considered a distinct family (Scolytidae), but is now understood to be a specialized clade of the "true weevil" family (Curculionidae). Although th ...

s oviposit on trees at around the same time as ''Monochamus,'' and they transmit

blue stain fungi Blue stain fungi (also known as sap stain fungi) is a vague term including various fungi that cause dark staining in sapwood. The staining is most often blue, but could also be grey or black. Because the grouping is based solely on symptomatics, i ...

. ''Bursaphalenchus'' nematodes feed on this fungi, and the combination of fungi and nematodes may help in overcoming host tree defences, creating a more suitable habitat for bark beetles and ''Monochamus''. Additionally, ''Monochamus''

compete Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individ ...

with bark beetles for resources, prey on them (

intraguild predation Intraguild predation, or IGP, is the killing and sometimes eating of a potential competitor of a different species. This interaction represents a combination of predation and competition, because both species rely on the same prey resources and a ...

) and use their

semiochemical A semiochemical, from the Greek wiktionary:σημεῖον, σημεῖον (''semeion''), meaning "signal", is a chemical substance or mixture released by an organism that affects the behaviors of other individuals. Semiochemical communication c ...

s as

kairomone A kairomone is a semiochemical released by an organism that mediates interspecific interactions in a way that benefits a different species at the expense of the emitter. Derived from the Greek καιρός, meaning "''opportune moment""kairomon ...

s. Some species of braconid wasps in the genus ''

Atanycolus ''Atanycolus'' is a genus of braconid wasps. Species in this genus are parasitoids of beetles from families Buprestidae and Curculionidae. Species * '' Atanycolus anocomidis'' * '' Atanycolus arcasuturalis'' * '' Atanycolus australiensis'' * ...

'' are

parasitoid In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...

s of ''Monochamus'', along with other wood-boring beetles. The

black-backed woodpecker The black-backed woodpecker (''Picoides arcticus''), also known as the Arctic three-toed woodpecker, is a medium-sized woodpecker ( long) inhabiting the forests of North America. Taxonomy The black-backed woodpecker was described and illustrat ...

is a

predator Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common List of feeding behaviours, feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation ...

on larvae of wood-boring beetles, including ''Monochamus''.

Taxonomy

The genus is very large, and its boundaries have varied considerably over time, with many species placed in this genus that have long since been removed, and species placed in other genera that have been added, and there are at least 20 subgenera presently recognized by most authorities.

Species

* '' Monochamus abruptus'' Holzschuh, 2015 * '' Monochamus accri'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * ''

Monochamus adamitus ''Monochamus adamitus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1857. It is known from Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Angola, Ghana, Mozambique, the Ivory Coast, Senegal, the Democratic Republic of the Co ...

'' Thomson, 1857 * '' Monochamus affinis'' Breuning, 1938 * ''

Monochamus alboapicalis ''Monochamus alboapicalis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1934.Monochamus alboscutellaris ''Monochamus alboscutellaris'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of bee ...

'' Breuning, 1977 * '' Monochamus alternatus'' Hope, 1842 – Japanese pine sawyer beetle * '' Monochamus aparus'' (Jordan, 1903) * '' Monochamus asiaticus'' (Hayashi, 1962) * '' Monochamus asper'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus atrocoeruleogriseus'' Gilmour, 1956 * ''

Monochamus balteatus ''Monochamus balteatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius (15 January 1843 – 20 July 1928) was a Swedish entomologist. Life Christophe ...

'' Aurivillius, 1903 * '' Monochamus basifossulatus'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus basigranulatus'' Breuning, 1952 * '' Monochamus basilewskyi'' Breuning, 1952 * ''

Monochamus benito ''Monochamus benito'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetles, wit ...

'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * ''

Monochamus bialbomaculatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Breuning, 1948 * ''

Monochamus bimaculatus ''Monochamus bimaculatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1888. It is known from Myanmar, Vietnam, India, Malaysia, Taiwan, Laos, and Thailand. It contains the varietas ''Monochamus ...

'' Gahan, 1888 * '' Monochamus binigricollis'' Breuning, 1965 * '' Monochamus binigromaculatus'' Breuning, 1959 * ''

Monochamus blairi ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' (Breuning, 1936) * '' Monochamus bootangensis'' Breuning, 1947 * ''

Monochamus borchmanni ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Breuning, 1959 * '' Monochamus buquetii'' (Thomson, 1858) ''tuberosus''/small> * '' Monochamus burgeoni'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus camerunensis'' Aurivillius, 1903 * ''

Monochamus carolinensis ''Monochamus carolinensis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Guillaume-Antoine Olivier in 1792. It is known from Canada and the United States.

'' (Olivier, 1792) – Carolina sawyer * '' Monochamus clamator'' (LeConte, 1852) – spotted pine sawyer * ''

Monochamus conradti ''Monochamus conradti'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetles, w ...

'' Breuning, 1961 * '' Monochamus convexicollis'' Gressitt, 1942 * '' Monochamus dayremi'' Breuning, 1935 * ''

Monochamus densepunctatus ''Monochamus densepunctatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beet ...

'' Breuning, 1980 * ''

Monochamus dentator ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' (Fabricius, 1793) * ''

Monochamus desperatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Thomson, 1857 * '' Monochamus diores'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus dubius'' (Gahan, 1894) * ''

Monochamus fisheri ''Monochamus fisheri'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1944. It is known from Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area o ...

'' Breuning, 1944 * '' Monochamus flavosignatus'' Breuning, 1947 * '' Monochamus flavovittatus'' Breuning, 1935 * ''

Monochamus foraminosus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Holzschuh, 2015 * ''

Monochamus foveatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Breuning, 1961 * '' Monochamus foveolatus'' Hintz, 1911 ''unicolor''/small> * '' Monochamus franzae'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * ''

Monochamus galloprovincialis ''Monochamus galloprovincialis'', the pine sawyer beetle, also referred to as the black pine sawyer beetle, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Guillaume-Antoine Olivier, Olivier in 1795, originally under the gen ...

'' (Olivier, 1795) – black pine sawyer or timberman beetle * '' Monochamus gardneri'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus grandis'' Waterhouse, 1881 * ''

Monochamus granulipennis ''Monochamus granulipennis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetl ...

'' Breuning, 1949 * '' Monochamus gravidus'' (Pascoe, 1858) * '' Monochamus griseoplagiatus'' Thomson, 1858 ''ochraceomaculatus''/small> * ''

Monochamus guerryi ''Monochamus guerryi'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1903. It is known from Myanmar, China, and Thailand. It feeds on ''Pinus kesiya'', ''Castanea mollissima'', ''Malus pumila'', and ''Querc ...

'' Pic, 1903 * ''

Monochamus guttulatus ''Monochamus guttulatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetles, ...

'' Gressitt, 1951 * '' Monochamus impluviatus'' Motschulsky, 1859 * '' Monochamus inexpectatus'' Breuning, 1935 * ''

Monochamus irrorator ''Monochamus irrorator'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1855, originally spelled as ''"Monohammus" irrorator''. It is known from the Republic of the Congo and Nigeria ...

'' (Chevrolat, 1855) ''plumbeus'', ''ruficornis''/small> * '' Monochamus itzingeri'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus jordani'' Nonfried, 1894 * ''

Monochamus karlitzingeri ''Monochamus karlitzingeri'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tavakilian and Jiroux in 2015. It is known from China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. ...

'' Tavakilian & Jiroux, 2015 * '' Monochamus kashitu'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus kaszabi'' Heyrovský, 1955 * '' Monochamus kinabaluensis'' Hüdepohl, 1996 * '' Monochamus kivuensis'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus laevis'' Jordan, 1903 * ''

Monochamus lamottei ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Lepesme & Breuning, 1952 * '' Monochamus latefasciatus'' Breuning, 1944 * '' Monochamus lepesmei'' Breuning, 1956 * ''

Monochamus lineolatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus lunifer'' (Aurivillius, 1891) * '' Monochamus luteodispersus'' Pic, 1927 * '' Monochamus maculosus'' Haldeman, 1847 ''mutator''/small> – spotted pine sawyer * '' Monochamus marmorator'' Kirby in Richardson, 1837 – balsam fir sawyer * '' Monochamus maruokai'' Hayashi, 1962 * ''

Monochamus masaoi ''Monochamus masaoi'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Kusama and Takakuwa in 1984. It is known from Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast ...

'' Kusama & Takakuwa, 1984 * '' Monochamus mausoni'' Breuning, 1950 * '' Monochamus mbai'' Lepesme & Breuning, 1953 * '' Monochamus mediomaculatus'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus melaleucus'' Jordan, 1903 * '' Monochamus mexicanus'' (Breuning, 1950) * ''

Monochamus millegranus ''Monochamus millegranus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1891. It is known from China. It feeds on ''Castanea mollissima ''Castanea mollissima'', also known as the Chinese chestnu ...

'' Bates, 1891 * '' Monochamus murinus'' (Gahan, 1888) * ''

Monochamus nigrobasimaculatus ''Monochamus nigrobasimaculatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of ...

'' Breuning, 1981 * '' Monochamus nigromaculatus'' Gressitt, 1942 * ''

Monochamus nigromaculicollis ''Monochamus nigromaculicollis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of b ...

'' Breuning, 1974 * ''

Monochamus nigroplagiatus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersTheFreeDictionary.com, The Free Dictionary (TFD) (2 ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus nigrovittatus'' Breuning, 1938 * ''

Monochamus nitens ''Monochamus nitens'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825 – 16 February 1892) was an English natural history, naturalist and explorer who gave t ...

'' Bates, 1884 * '' Monochamus notatus'' (Drury, 1773) – northeastern sawyer or notable sawyer * ''

Monochamus obtusus ''Monochamus obtusus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomas Lincoln Casey Jr. Thomas Lincoln Casey Jr. (February 19, 1857 – February 3, 1925) was an American army engineer and entomologist who was no ...

'' Casey, 1891 – obtuse sawyer * '' Monochamus ochreomarmoratus'' Breuning, 1960 * '' Monochamus ochreopunctatus'' Breuning, 1980 * ''

Monochamus ochreosparsus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Breuning, 1959 * ''

Monochamus ochreosticticus ''Monochamus ochreosticticus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of bee ...

'' Breuning, 1938 * ''

Monochamus olivaceus ''Monochamus olivaceus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetles, ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * ''

Monochamus omias ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Jordan, 1903 ''africanus''/small> * ''

Monochamus pentagonus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Báguena, 1952 * '' Monochamus pheretes'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * '' Monochamus philomenus'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus pictor'' (Bates, 1884) * '' Monochamus principis'' Breuning, 1956 * '' Monochamus pseudotuberosus'' Breuning, 1936 * ''

Monochamus quadriplagiatus ''Monochamus quadriplagiatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1935. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also kno ...

'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus rectus'' Holzschuh, 2015 * ''

Monochamus regularis ''Monochamus regularis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1924. It is known from Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra Sumatra () is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indone ...

'' (Aurivillius, 1924) * '' Monochamus reticulatus'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1959) * '' Monochamus rhodesianus'' Gilmour, 1956 * ''

Monochamus roveroi ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2015 * '' Monochamus rubiginosus'' Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2014 * ''

Monochamus ruspator ''Monochamus ruspator'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1781, originally under the genus ''Lamia (genus), Lamia''. It has a wide distribution throughout Africa, and is also prese ...

'' (Fabricius, 1781) * ''

Monochamus saltuarius ''Monochamus saltuarius'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gebler in 1830. It has a wide distribution throughout Europe. It measures between .Monochamus sargi'' (Bates, 1885) * ''

Monochamus sartor ''Monochamus sartor'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787, under the genus ''Lamia''. It is known from throughout Europe, as well as in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, North Korea ...

'' (Fabricius, 1787) urussovii''">Monochamus_sartor_urussovii.html" ;"title="ncl. subspecies ''Monochamus sartor urussovii">urussovii''/small> – black fir sawyer * ''Monochamus scabiosus'' (Quedenfeldt, 1882) [= ''centralis] * ''Monochamus scutellatus'' (Say, 1824) – white-spotted sawyer or spruce sawyerSpruce Sawyer
Insects of Alberta * ''

Monochamus semicirculus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Báguena, 1952 * '' Monochamus semigranulatus'' (Pic, 1925) * ''

Monochamus serratus ''Monochamus serratus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1906. It is known from Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost poin ...

'' (Gahan, 1906) * ''

Monochamus shembaganurensis ''Monochamus shembaganurensis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of be ...

'' Breuning, 1979 * '' Monochamus similis'' Breuning, 1938 * '' Monochamus sparsutus'' Fairmaire, 1889 * '' Monochamus spectabilis'' (Perroud, 1855) * ''

Monochamus strandi ''Monochamus strandi'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939. It is known from Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, and the Ivory Coast Ivo ...

'' Breuning, 1939 * ''

Monochamus stuhlmanni ''Monochamus stuhlmanni'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Kolbe in 1894. It is known from Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda.

'' Kolbe, 1894 * '' Monochamus subconvexicollis'' Breuning, 1967 * '' Monochamus subcribrosus'' Breuning, 1950 * '' Monochamus subfasciatus'' (Bates, 1873) ''fascioguttatus''/small> * '' Monochamus subgranulipennis'' Breuning, 1974 * ''

Monochamus subtriangularis ''Monochamus subtriangularis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of bee ...

'' Breuning, 1971 * '' Monochamus sutor'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – pine sawyer * '' Monochamus taiheizanensis'' Mitono, 1943 * ''

Monochamus talianus ''Monochamus'' is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifersThe Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008)Genus Monochamus Re ...

'' Pic, 1912 * '' Monochamus thoas'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * '' Monochamus thomsoni'' (Chevrolat, 1855) * '' Monochamus titillator'' (Fabricius, 1775) – southern pine sawyer * '' Monochamus tonkinensis'' Breuning, 1935 * '' Monochamus transvaaliensis'' Gilmour, 1956 * ''

Monochamus triangularis ''Monochamus triangularis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning (entomologist), Stephan von Breuning in 1935.Monochamus tridentatus'' Chevrolat, 1833 * ''

Monochamus tropicalis ''Monochamus tropicalis'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns (whose larvae are often referred to as roundheaded borers), are a large family of beetles, ...

'' (Dillon & Dillon, 1961) * '' Monochamus vagus'' (Gahan, 1888) * ''

Monochamus variegatus ''Monochamus variegatus'' is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius (15 January 1843 – 20 July 1928) was a Swedish entomologist. Life Christoph ...

'' (Aurivillius, 1925) * '' Monochamus verticalis'' (Fairmaire, 1901) * '' Monochamus villiersi'' Breuning, 1960 * '' Monochamus x-fulvum'' Bates, 1884

Gallery

File:Pine Sawyer beetle 1.jpg File:Pine Sawyer beetle 2.jpg File:Pine Sawyer 3.jpg Three pictures of two separate sawyers found in a planting of Scots pines in Kansas.

References

External links

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"Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of ''Monochamus'' species"
{{Authority control Lamiini