''Monilea'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of sea snails in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...

, the top snails.

Description

The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or less developed callous ridge or funicle revolving on the inner side of the whorl within the

umbilicus Umbilicus may refer to: *The navel or belly button *Umbilicus (mollusc), a feature of gastropod, Nautilus and Ammonite shell anatomy * ''Umbilicus'' (plant), a genus of over ninety species of perennial flowering plants *Umbilicus urbis Romae The ...

, and terminating at the

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the ...

, the edge of which is reflexed over it. The sinuous columella terminates in a point or denticle at its base. The outer lip is lirate within.

Distribution

The habitat of most species is in the

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by ...

, but some occur in the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contine ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Monilea'' include: * '' Monilea belcheri'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''

Monilea callifera ''Monilea callifera'', common name shrewd trochid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. The Australian Faunal Directory recognizes '' Monilea lentiginosa'' Adams, 1853 as a synonym of ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822), the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...

* '' Monilea carmesina'' (Webster G.H., 1908) * '' Monilea chiliarches'' Melvill, 1910 * ''

Monilea cocoa ''Monilea cocoa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description Distribution This marine species occurs off Japan. References * Okutani T. (2001). ''Six new bathyal and shelf Tr ...

'' Okutani, 2001 * ''

Monilea discerna ''Monilea'' is a genus of sea snails in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or l ...

'' (Iredale, 1937): (synonym: ''Talopena discerna'' Iredale, 1937) * '' Monilea gloriola'' (Iredale, 1929) * † ''

Monilea grantmackiei ''Monilea'' is a genus of sea snails in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or l ...

'' Hayward, 1981 * ''

Monilea incerta ''Monilea incerta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Monilea incerta'' Iredale, 1912. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.mari ...

'' Iredale, 1912 * ''

Monilea lentiginosa ''Monilea lentiginosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Marshall, B. (2014). Monilea lentiginosa (A. Adams, 1851). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''

Monilea lifuana ''Monilea lifuana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Monilea lifuana'' (P. Fischer, 1878). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.m ...

'' (Fischer, 1878) * ''

Monilea pantanellii ''Monilea pantanellii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The height of the shell attains 3 mm, its diameter 2½ mm. The turbinate, rather solid, red shell is umb ...

'' (Caramagna, 1888) * ''

Monilea patricia ''Monilea patricia'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.WoRMS (2012). ''Monilea patricia'' (Philippi, 1851). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marines ...

'' (Philippi, 1851) * ''

Monilea philippii ''Monilea philippii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.WoRMS (2012). ''Monilea philippii'' A. Adams, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecie ...

'' A. Adams, 1855 * ''

Monilea simulans ''Monilea simulans'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2014). Monilea simulans E. A. Smith, 1899. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespec ...

'' Smith, 1899 * ''

Monilea smithi ''Monilea smithi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2014). Monilea smithi (Wood, 1828). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/a ...

'' (Wood, 1828) The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database also includes the following names in current use * ''

Monilea calyculus ''Monilea'' is a genus of sea snails in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or l ...

'' (Wood, 1828) * ''

Monilea celebensis ''Monilea'' is a genus of sea snails in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or l ...

'' Schepman, 1908 * ''

Monilea pudibunda ''Monilea'' is a genus of sea snails in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or l ...

'' Fischer, 1878 * ''

Monilea rosea ''Monilea'' is a genus of sea snails in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or l ...

'' Tenison-Woods, 1876 * ''

Monilea solanderi ''Monilea'' is a genus of sea snails in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell has a more or l ...

'' (Philippi, 1851) * ''

Monilea turbinata ''Monilea'' is a genus of sea snails in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The solid shell has a depressed-conical shape. The outer surface is sharply, spirally striate and closely obliquely striated . The shell ...

'' Tenison-Woods, 1877 * '' Monilea unicarinata'' (Fischer, 1879) ;Species brought into synonymy: * Subgenus Monilea ''(Priotrochus)'' Fischer, 1880: synonym of ''

Priotrochus ''Priotrochus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Cantharidinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Priotrochus P. Fischer, 1879. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

'' P. Fischer, 1879 * ''Monilea apicina'' Gould, 1861; synonym of ''

Parminolia apicina ''Parminolia apicina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae.Bouchet, P. (2014). Parminolia apicina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails ...

'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Monilea chrysolamea'' (Martens, 1880): synonym of ''

Priotrochus goudoti ''Priotrochus goudoti'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.WoRMS (2011). Priotrochus goudoti (Fischer, 1878). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespeci ...

'' (Fischer, 1878) * ''Monilea corrugata'' A. Adams, 1854: synonym of ''

'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Monilea degregorii'' (Caramagna, 1888): synonym of ''

Ethminolia degregorii ''Ethminolia degregorii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Ethminolia degregorii'' (Caramagna, 1888). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at h ...

'' (Caramagna, 1888) * ''Monilea goudoti'' (P. Fisher, 1878): synonym of ''

'' (Fischer, 1878) * ''Monilea kalisoma'' A. Adams, 1853 (?): synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1851) * ''Monilea laevissima'' (Martens, 1881): synonym of ''

Ilanga laevissima ''Ilanga laevissima'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.WoRMS (2012). ''Ilanga laevissima'' (Martens, 1881). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aph ...

'' (Martens, 1881) * ''Monilea morti'' (Iredale, 1929): synonym of ''

'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Monilea nucleus'' (Philippi, 1849): synonym of ''

Rossiteria nucleus ''Rossiteria nucleus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2014). Rossiteria nucleus (Philippi, 1849). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marine ...

'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Monilea obscura'' (Wood, 1828): synonym of ''

Priotrochus obscurus ''Priotrochus obscurus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. ;Subspecies: * ''Priotrochus obscurus obscurus'' (Wood, 1828) (synonyms: ''Gibbula (Priotrochus) sepulchralis'' (Melvill ...

'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Monilea oleacea'' Hedley & Petterd, 1906: synonym of '' Archiminolia oleacea'' (Hedley & Petterd, 1906) * ''Monilea philippensis'' (Watson, 1881): synonym of ''

Spectamen philippense ''Spectamen philippense'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae. Description The size of the shell attains 8 mm. The shell has a trochiform shape with a broad base, more conical and less sc ...

'' (Watson, 1881) * ''Monilea ponsonbyi'' (G.B. Sowerby, 1888) synonym of ''Priotrochus obscurus ponsonbyi'' (G.B. sowerby, 1888) * ''Monilea rhodomphala'' (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875): synonym of '' Trochus rhodomphalus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 (species inquirenda) * ''Monilea rotundata'' Sowerby III, 1894: synonym of ''

Minolia rotundata ''Minolia rotundata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae. Description The height of the shell attains 3½ mm, its diameter also 3½ mm. The shell has a globose-conoidal shape and is profoundly umbi ...

'' (Sowerby III, 1894) * ''Monilea semireticulata'' Suter, 1908: synonym of '' Minolia semireticulata'' (Suter, 1908) * ''Monilea singaporensis'' : synonym of ''

Minolia singaporensis ''Conotalopia singaporensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae. Description The height of the shell attains 3 mm, its diameter 2½ mm. The narrowly, deeply umbilicate shell has a conical-tur ...

'' (Pilsbry, 1889) * ''Monilea spuria'' Gould, 1861: synonym of ''

Cinysca spuria ''Cinysca'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Areneidae. Species Species within the genus ''Cinysca'' include: * '' Cinysca alvesi'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * ''Cinysca arlequin ''Cinysca arlequin'' is a species ...

'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Monilea vernicosa'' Gould, 1861: synonym of '' Sericominolia vernicosa'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Monilea zealandica'' Hutton, 1873: synonym of ''

Antisolarium egenum ''Antisolarium egenum'' is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top shells.Bieler, R. (2014). Antisolarium egenum. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.ph ...

'' (Gould, 1849)

References

;Notes ;Bibliography * Dautzenberg, Ph. (1929). ''Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar''. Faune des Colonies Francaises, Tome III * Iredale, T. (1929). ''Queensland molluscan notes, No. 1.'' Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 9 : 261-297, pl. 30-31. * Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. (1962). ''A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales''. Memoirs of the Australian Museum. 11 * Wilson, B., 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA * Williams S.T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (2008) ''Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined''. Zoologica Scripta 37: 483–506 {{Taxonbar, from=Q6900261 Gastropod genera