Moksha (, ) is a river in central

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, a right

tributary A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (''main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they ...

of the Oka. It flows through

Penza Oblast Penza Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Penza. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, its population was ...

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Ru ...

Ryazan Oblast Ryazan Oblast (, ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city. Geography Ryazan Oblast ...

and the

Republic of Mordovia Mordovia ( ),; Moksha and officially the Republic of Mordovia,; ; is a republic of Russia, situated in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Saransk. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the republic was 834,755. Ethnic Russians ( ...

, and joins the Oka near Pyatnitsky Yar, near the city of

Kasimov Kasimov (; ;, Ханкирмән Latinized : Kasıym, Hankirmən,Ханкирмән, Хан-Кермень, means " Khan's fortress" historically Gorodets Meshchyorsky, Novy Nizovoy) is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of ...

. It is in length, and has a

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

of .«Река МОКША»
Russian State Water Registry In the 1950s, several hydroelectric power stations were built in the middle course of the river, but without navigable locks. In 1955, 2 km below the mouth of the river. Prices on the Moksha River built Rasypukhinsky hydro-power plant with a hydroelectric power station and a wooden shipping lock. Navigation on the river was carried out until the mid-1990s. On the Moksha is the Trinity-Scans monastery, the Nativity-Theotokos Sanaksar Monastery and the Krasnoslobodsky Savior-Transfiguration Monastery.

Origin of name and cultural significance

The name is connected to the ancient Indo-European population of the Pohje, speaking a language close to the Baltic. Hydronym is comparable with the Indo-European basis meksha, meaning "spillage, leakage". It is suggested that in the language of Indo-European aborigines moksha meant "stream, current, river" and as a term entered into a series of hydronyms (Shirmksha, Mamoksha, etc.). The name "Moksha" is mentioned by the monk-minorite Rubruk, the ambassador of the French King Louis IX to the Mongolian khan Sartak (1253). It is also the self-designation for the eponymous

Finno-Ugric Finno-Ugric () is a traditional linguistic grouping of all languages in the Uralic languages, Uralic language family except for the Samoyedic languages. Its once commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in ...

ethnic group of

Mokshas The Mokshas (also ''Mokshans'', ''Moksha people''; ) comprise a Mordvins, Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volga Finns, Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples. They live in Russia, mostly near the Volga and Moksha (river), Moksha river ...

that have settled between the river and its tributary Oka as a tribe before the Middle Ages.

Sources

In the monograph "The Nature of the Penza Region" it is pointed out that p. Moksha originates from above. Lookout Nechaevsky (now Mokshan district) of the Penza region. According to the latest information, Moksha begins in a ravine from the springs system near the village of Elizavetino. The source of Moksha is on a treeless place. Research conducted in 2009-2010. Showed that from the south with. Lookout among the elevated places stretches low (up to Elizavetino) about long. This site is called "Dry Moksha". In the hollow with a sandy and clay bottom deep, a creeping stream of in width runs (the study was conducted in May 2010). The constant flow of water is observed below the confluence of the hollow from the holy spring, where a small extension of the channel also forms. A true watercourse flows towards Vision in a poorly developed channel. In some places, the banks collapse in the face of the knocking out of them groundwater flowing into the channel. The bottom of the lowland where the stream flows is swamped. Along the banks of the stream, shrubs of willows, thickets of broadleaf cattails, reeds of forest and some other moisture-loving plants grow in the water. Thus, the source of Moksha is a drying creek, now fueled by thawed and groundwater. It stretches to c. The look gradually turning into a constant stream.[Артаев О. Н., Варгот Е. В., Ручин А. Б., Гришуткин О. Г. "О МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИИ ИСТОКА РЕКИ МОКШИ" - Журнал "Известия ПГУ им В.Г. Белинского 2011, Выпуск No. 25 с. 650-651]

Tributaries

The Moksha has the following tributaries, from mouth to source: *49 km: Yezhachka *51 km: Tsna (Moksha), Tsna *82 km: Urzeva (Chyornaya Rechka) *105 km: Vad *121 km: Yermish *135 km: Shoksha *144 km: Yuzga *150 km: Vyazhka *160 km: Vedyazha *170 km: Varnava *177 km: Uzhovka *183 km: Sarma *191 km:

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*231 km: Lomovka *248 km: Bolshoy Aksel *258 km: Urey (Ureyka) *266 km: Shavits (Varskley) *294 km: Nuluy *295 km: Urkat *302 km: Sukhoy Urey *310 km: Varma *338 km: Sivin *346 km: Shapa *351 km: Gumenka *360 km: Ryabka *373 km: Linyevka *388 km: Bolshaya Azyas *412 km: Sezelka *418 km: Mokshan *420 km: Lashma *432 km: Unuy *437 km: Issa *464 km: Panzha *477 km: Sheldais *492 km: Kamora *497 km: Kaurets *500 km: Modayev *532 km: Lomovka *540 km: Atmiss *545 km: Iva *553 km: Kerka *562 km: Losma (near the village Gorlitsyno) *563 km: Vyunka *586 km: Medayevka (Madayevka) *596 km: Muromka (Shirkoiss) *599 km: Skachki *604 km: Yulovka *620 km: Azyas *624 km: Saranka

References

{{Authority control Rivers of Ryazan Oblast Rivers of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Rivers of Penza Oblast Rivers of Mordovia